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Introduction
Associate Profesor of Political Science at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is PhD in Political Science from the Instituto de Ciencia Política, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. He is the author of "The Persistence of Local Caudillos in Latin America" (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2024). His research centers on subnational politics, political parties and party systems, and electoral reforms.
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January 2011 - March 2015
Publications
Publications (65)
After decentralization reforms in Latin America, the prominence of local political actors, and mayor in particular, has increased significantly in the region. Their role is crucial in the analysis of diverse national and local political phenomena. However, is this importance reflected in the study of subnational politics in Latin America? We argue...
Este artículo revisa el creciente interés en la política subnacional dentro de la Ciencia Política comparada. Destaca la importancia del “giro subnacional” y cómo los estudios subnacionales han enriquecido el conocimiento teórico, metodológico y empírico de la disciplina. Este dossier de la Revista Reflexión Política aborda temas como la democracia...
In this paper, we argue that, relative to chief executives at higher levels of government, mayors in Latin America often operate with fewer outside checks on their scope of action, with problematic consequences for democracy. To make this argument, we examine a number of factors that can render mayors especially powerful and autonomous as political...
Despite democratization at the national level, local political bosses still govern many municipalities in Latin America. Caudillos and clans often use informal political practices—ranging from clientelism and patronage to harassment of political opposition—to control local political dynamics. These arbitrary and, at times, abusive practices pose im...
Representation in local elections in Latin America? National political parties and other candidates to city halls Latin American countries allow for the political participation of different types of candidates in local elections. Institutional reforms in recent decades have tended to open up local electoral competition, allowing for a greater prese...
The year 2022 in Paraguay was marked by internal elections of political parties and scandals related to corruption, insecurity, and organized crime. Former president Horacio Cartes was elected as the new president of the governing ANR, and his candidate, Santiago Peña, won the ANR internal elections to become the ruling party’s presidential candida...
Women politicians face two distinct glass ceilings – when becoming candidates and when turning these candidacies into elected offices. While existing research posits important explanatory accounts of both these processes, both stages are often studied separately when the determinants of women’s descriptive representation are analyzed. This generate...
Este capítulo explora la naturaleza de las relaciones entre los gobernadores y los intendentes en las principales ciudades de Argentina. La mayor parte de la bibliografía asume que los gobiernos municipales en Argentina son débiles, y que por lo tanto los intendentes se alinean con las autoridades provinciales. Este estudio sostiene que hay más div...
Resumen
El clientelismo en Paraguay es generalizado y socialmente aceptado tanto por los políticos como por la ciudadanía, pero relativamente poco estudiado por la literatura comparada. Este artículo ofrece una descripción cualitativa de los principales actores y lógicas del funcionamiento en los vínculos clientelares entre políticos y la ciudadaní...
Municipal size affects local democracy through two mechanisms – participation and contestation. By drawing on national-level theories of democracy, this article identifies a necessary tradeoff: decreasing municipal size maximises the participatory dimension of local democracy but reduces the level of contestation, which is similarly crucial for a h...
Jorge Muñoz se convirtió en alcalde de Lima de manera inesperada en las elecciones subnacionales de octubre de 2018. Asimismo, su partido, Acción Popular, obtuvo 14 alcaldías distritales. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los resultados electorales de estos comicios y ponerlos en perspectiva comparada con las elecciones de 2014, cuando fue...
The snowball sampling method (SSM) is one of the most widely used methods to collect information about hard-to-reach populations and in low-information contexts. This article argues that SSM can be enhanced by the use of Facebook in at least three ways. This social-networking site helps to address some of the inherent limitations of SSM by learning...
Subnational research in comparative politics has been growing steadily in the last two decades. However, methodological advances have been rather limited. This article builds upon Snyder’s (Stud Comp Int Dev 36(1):93–110, 2001) subnational comparative method and extends its logic to the comparison of subnational units from different countries. It p...
The objective of this article is to explain the territorial variation in indigenous political representation at the subnational level in Peru. The Peruvian state introduced a weak indigenous electoral quota, and its effects have varied across provinces. This article presents a typology that combines descriptive and substantive dimensions of politic...
This article explores the nature of the relations between the governors and the mayors of major cities in Argentina. The vast majority of the literature assumes that municipal governments in Argentina are weak, and that mayors therefore align with the provincial authorities. This study argues that there is more diversity in the relations between of...
A partir de diversos enfoques de investigación y de una encuesta realizada a cerca de 700 líderes de la coalición Chile Vamos, este libro es una formidable exploración al carácter y comportamiento de los partidos de derecha chilenos: la Unión Demócrata Independiente, Renovación Nacional, Evópoli y el Partido Regionalista Independiente. La organizac...
In the last decade, half of the Latin American countries changed the rules of re-election of local executive positions. However, these reforms have had different modalities and have gone in different directions, towards either more permissive or more restrictive rules. Despite its importance and frequency, comparative literature has devoted little...
This article re-examines Lijphart’s (1997) idea that compulsory voting is an effective instrument to reduce income inequality. Using a quasiexperimental research design based on a matching technique, the results show that compulsory voting does not have a significant impact on redistributive policies. Examining the experience of Latin America, wher...
Part of the literature views high numbers of presidential candidates as a threat to political stability in presidential democracies. A contradictory model proposes that an overconcentration of the presidential party system is problematic. Both models are hard to reconcile. We approach this puzzle by arguing that the relationship between the level o...
The aim of this work is to explain the reforms of reelection regulations that took place in 2015 in four Latin American countries: The Dominican Republic, Honduras, Colombia and Brazil. Contrary to what is stated in recent comparative literature, the argument is that these reforms are basically due to strategic motivations and particular objectives...
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Contrary to the situation in Europe, comparative study of party membership in Latin America is virtually nonexistent. The goal of this essay is to fill this gap in the study of party politics and the internal organization of parties in the region. This essay examines the statutes of the principal political parties in Latin America and analyzes the...
In Latin America, increases in women’s political participation and their access to power have transformed national congresses, from their agendas to their organization (UNDP 2015; Htun and Piscopo 2014; Rodríguez Gustá 2011). Over a relatively short period, a number of democratic transitions, constituent assemblies, electoral and institutional refo...
Latin American countries traditionally have been ruled by men. Since independence, historical narratives, social relations, and politics have been defined by and for men. Over the last few decades, however, advances in the recognition of women’s rights have been momentous. Changes have involved the breaking of barriers and the elimination of discri...
This book discusses the current tendencies in women’s representation and their role in politics in Latin American countries from three different perspectives. Firstly, the authors examine cultural, political-partisan and organizational obstacles that women face in and outside institutions. Secondly, the book explores barriers in political reality,...
Resumen: Este artículo describe los resultados electorales de los comicios municipales de 2015 en Para-guay. Se examinan las principales tendencias y se ponen en perspectiva comparada histórica, destacando, en particular, los cambios respecto a las elecciones anteriores de 2010. El trabajo argumenta que en térmi-nos de resultados agregados se mantu...
The process of candidate selection is one of the most important issues of the political parties’ internal democracy. We propose an Internal Democracy Index (IDI)
Los procesos de selección de candidaturas son uno de los momentos clave de la democracia interna de los partidos políticos. Se propone un Índice de Democracia Interna (IDI), construido a partir de tres dimensiones: competitividad, descentralización e inclusión, para medir los niveles de democracia de estos procesos. El idi se aplica a nueve proceso...
The process of candidate selection is one of the most important issues of the political parties' internal democracy. We propose an Internal Democracy Index (IDI) building on three basic dimensions: competitiveness, decentralization and inclusiveness to measure the levels of democracy of these processes. The IDI is applied to nine processes of presi...
The goal of this article is to contribute to a burgeoning comparative literature about nationalization of party competition (political parties and party systems), clarifying its terminology and evaluating three different indices of measurement of this phenomenon and used recently in Latin America. This paper argues that despite the confusion in the...
Para entender los retos de la Ciencia Política latinoamericanista en la
República Checa, se presenta primero su evolución histórica desde el punto de
vista de la Ciencia Política checa en general y de la perspectiva de los estudios
latinoamericanos en particular. Segundo, se ofrece un panorama de la
formación y docencia en la disciplina y su base i...
El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la creciente literatura sobre la nacionalización de los partidos políticos y los sistemas de partidos, para aclarar su terminología y evaluar tres índices propuestos para la medición del fenómeno recientemente usados en América Latina. Se argumenta que pese a la confusión terminológica, la nacionalizació...
The goal of this article is to contribute to a burgeoning comparative literature about nationalization of party competition (political parties and party systems), clarifying its terminology and evaluating three different indices of measurement of this phenomenon and used recently in Latin America. This paper argues that despite the confusion in the...
El objetivo de este capítulo es describir y analizar la evolución del sistema de partidos de Chile en el período pos-transicional desde una perspectiva multinivel así como también explicar las dinámicas que cruzan la competencia del sistema. Este enfoque permite superar el «nacionalismo metodológico» del que han padecido los estudios de los sistema...
El objetivo de este capítulo es describir y explicar la dinámica del sistema de partidos de Uruguay en el período pos-transicional desde una perspectiva multinivel. Este enfoque permite superar el «nacionalismo metodológico» del que han padecido los estudios de los sistemas de partidos de América Latina y captar las dinámicas de la competencia part...
El sistema de partidos chileno ha sido considerado como uno de los más institucionalizados de América Latina. Sin embargo, el país vive una crisis de representación política. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar empíricamente cómo se manifestó esta crisis en la votación de los ciudada- nos en las elecciones presidenciales de 2009. Utilizando dat...
El objetivo de este artículo es explicar las razones del voto de los ciudadanos hacia Evo Morales y José Mujica en las elecciones presidenciales de 2009 y evaluar en qué medida los determinantes del voto permiten distinguir las supuestas "dos izquierdas" en América Latina. Utilizando datos de encuestas de opinión pública para los dos casos represen...
This article focuses on the 2013 general elections in Chile which featured the return of the first female president Michelle Bachelet (in office for the first time in 2006–2010) to the presidency. The author argues that despite important continuity, both in the person of the president and her coalition, it is to expect various important reforms in...
Contrary to the situation in Europe, the research of political parties` internal structure in Latin America has been rather limited. Moreover, comparative research on party membership is virtually inexistent (Levitsky 2001; Wills-Otero 2009; see Alcántara and Freidenberg 2001; Webb and White 2007; Alenda 2011; Ponce 2013; Ruth 2013 for some excepti...
The goal of this article is to identify the factors that led the voters of Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) in 2008 to abandon electorally this political party in the 2011 general elections and opt for other alternative. In 2011, PSOE obtained its worst electoral result in history as it lost more than four millions voters with respect to 20...
El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar diferentes herramientas metodológicas para medir los niveles de congruencia de la competencia de los sistemas de partidos multinivel, entendida esta como los niveles de similitud que experimentan entre los diferentes distritos donde compiten los partidos. Se parte de la premisa de que todo sistema de partidos...
The goal of this paper is to contribute to a burgeoning comparative literature about nationalization of party competition (political parties and party systems) clarifying its terminology and evaluating different indices of measurement of this phenomenon. Thus, the scholarly literature produced until now is revisited and the diverse conceptualization...
The goal of this paper is to describe and explain the levels of ideological congruence between political parties and their voters and supporters in Latin America. To achieve that objective, we propose a new measure – Ideological Congruence Index (ICI) – that uses the percentage distribution of both congressmen and supporters or voters on the left-r...
The publication "Political Systems of Latin America" was elaborated within the framework of the research project "Typology of Left-Wing Regimes and Governments in Latin America," developed at the Department of Political Science of the University of Economics in Prague and financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation. The publication contai...
