Tomás Fernández Del Castillo

• Professor
• University of Jaén

Landslide occurrence in Colombia is very frequent due to its geographical location in the Andean mountain range, with a very pronounced orography, a significant geological complexity and an outstanding climatic variability. More specifically, the study area around the Bogotá-Villavicencio road in the central sector of the Eastern Cordillera is one...

This case study focuses on the area of El Plateado near the city of Loja, Ecuador, where landslides with a high impact on infrastructures require monitoring and control. The main objectives of this work are the characterization of the landslide and the monitoring of its kinematics. Four flights were conducted using a remotely piloted aerial vehicle...

Geodiversity and biodiversity have been assessed in an area of the province of Jaén (Southern Spain), the first one from the consideration of partial indices based on lithology, geomorphology, pedology, hydrology, palaeontology, mineralogy and geosites; biodiversity is also regarded from previous data, considering a biodiversity index and endangere...

This study describes a new methodology for estimating gully widths based on their digitized borders. The procedure adapts a previous method developed to determine the mean displacement between two 3D linestrings, considering them continuously, which represents an advance over conventional approaches. In addition to the calculation of the average ho...

Landslides are events that cause great impact in different parts of the world. Their destructive capacity generates loss of life and considerable economic damage. In this research, several Machine Learning (ML) methods were explored to select the most important conditioning factors, in order to evaluate the susceptibility to rotational landslides i...

A landslide susceptibility analysis has been made in the Río Aguas catchment (Almeria, Southeast Spain), using two statistical models, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR). For this purpose, a previous landslide inventory has been used and re-elaborated, reaching a total incidence of 2.58% of the whole are...

Geodiversity and biodiversity have been assessed in an area of the Jaén province (Southern Spain). The first one from the consideration of partial indexes based on lithology, geomorphology, pedology, hydrology, paleontology, mineralogy and geosites. Biodiversity, considering a biodiversity index and endangered species index. This area shows the con...

Wetlands are one of the most important and threatened ecosystems in the world, supporting high biodiversity that must be protected and preserved. The case of the Alto Guadalquivir wetlands is especially dramatic since all the dimensions of global change intervene in their loss and deterioration, with changes in land use as the greatest threat. So,...

RESUMEN En la primera década del 2000, un tramo de 500 m de la carretera comarcal JV-3043, dependiente de la Diputación de Jaén, sufrió diversas incidencias de gran envergadura por la inestabilización de una ladera del arroyo de Ibros, que necesitó, entre otras actuaciones, de la estabilización de 60 m de firme mediante una pantalla de pilotes ancl...

Un periodo anómalamente lluvioso entre los años 2009 y 2013 produjo gran número de deslizamientos en el Alto Guadalquivir (aproximadamente la provincia de Jaén) afectando a todo tipo de infraestructuras viarias. El estudio detallado de estos deslizamientos ha puesto de manifiesto que muchos de ellos se trataban de reactivaciones de grandes deslizam...

RESUMEN El deterioro de las infraestructuras viarias en la provincia de Jaén, debido a los deslizamientos producidos en los márgenes de las grandes cárcavas de fondo de valle, es una problemática que está generando pérdidas económicas importantes a las administraciones públicas de la Provincia. Estos procesos, además, contribuyen a la degradación a...

El análisis de riesgos naturales constituye un eje fundamental para el desarrollo. Por ello, es necesario aprovechar los recursos disponibles que permitan evaluarlos cabalmente, acorde a la realidad de cada territorio. Un recurso importante es la información geográfica pues permite planificar y gestionar los riesgos naturales a los que una població...

En este trabajo se presentan los estudios realizados sobre movimientos en masa en cuatro áreas de los departamentos de Cundinamarca y Meta, en Colombia. En todas ellas se ha realizado un inventario de movimientos y un análisis de los factores que los determinan. El inventario muestra un elevado número de movimientos (835, 212, 252 y 2506), con una...

Natural hazards generate disasters and huge losses in several aspects, with landslides being one of the natural risks that have caused great impacts worldwide. The aim of this research was to explore a method based on machine learning to evaluate susceptibility to rotational landslides in an area near Cuenca city, Ecuador, which has a high incidenc...

Practice Abstract on the big problem of erosion in olive groves in the framework of SUSTAINOLIVE project. This file is part of a collection of Practice Abstracts devoted to awareness of olive farmers: https://sustainolive.eu/resources/?lang=en

Ficha informativa sobre el grave problema de la erosión en el olivar en el marco del proyecto SUSTAINOLIVE. Este archivo forma parte de una colección de fichas informativas destinadas a la sensibilización de los agricultores del olivar: https://sustainolive.eu/resources/

The downward (relatively cool) air flow (DAF) in caves is a phenomenon described but little considered in papers if compared with the upward air flow. We found that DAFs are a widespread occurrence in crevice caves (from tectonic or gravitational origin) with multiple entrances at different altitudes, whenever daily and seasonal thermal contrasts a...

This research tests the application of GNSS and RPAS techniques to the spatiotemporal analysis of landslide dynamics. Our method began by establishing non-permanent GNSS networks on the slope surfaces to perform periodic measurements by differential GNSS. Similarly, RPAS flights were made to acquire high-resolution images, which were oriented and g...

Rainfall thresholds are one of the most widely applied methods for indirectly estimating landslide return periods, which are subsequently used in hazard analyses. In this study, the starting point is an incidence database of landslides and erosive processes affecting the road network of the province of Jaén (southern Spain), in which the positions...

This paper deals with the use of aerial photogrammetry and LiDAR techniques to analyze landslide activity over a long time span—just over 32 years. The data correspond to several aerial surveys (1984, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2016) covering an area of about 50 km2 along highway A-44, near Jaén (Southern Spain). An ad hoc combine...

This research tests the application of GNSS and RPAS techniques to the spatiotemporal analysis of landslide dynamics. Our method began by establishing non-permanent GNSS networks on the slope surfaces to perform periodic measurements by differential GNSS. Similarly, RPAS flights were made to acquire high-resolution images, which were oriented and g...

Gully erosion is one of the main processes of soil degradation, reaching 50%–90% of total erosion in basins. As erosion processes are related to rainfall regime, the depletion and deposition rates can be increasing in a climate change scenario. This paper deals with the quantification of erosion processes in an active gully affecting olive groves o...

An approach based on images captured by means of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and Structure from Motion – Multi Video Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry is presented for the study of the gully erosion in a catchment area of about 16 ha. The study area is located in the province of Jaén (SW Spain) where the main land use is the olive groves. Three U...

Gully erosion is one of the main processes of soil degradation, representing 50%–90% of total erosion at basin scales. Thus, its precise characterization has received growing attention in recent years. Geomatics techniques, mainly photogrammetry and LiDAR, can support the quantitative analysis of gully development. This paper deals with the applica...

To explore the relationship between geodiversity and borders of natural protected areas, we studied the northern part of Jaén Province (southern Spain), where the southern sector of the Central Iberian Massif, the Betic Cordillera and the Guadalquivir foreland basin come together. Moreover, several natural protected areas (NPAs) are located here. T...

This paper presents a methodology for measuring road surface deformation due to terrain instability processes. The methodology is based on ultra-high resolution images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Flights are georeferenced by means of Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. Dense point clouds, obtained using the multiple-view ster...

Caves are buried geological features of great scientific and engineering interest. Based on the well-known thermal inertia of cave settings with respect to the surface, we have tested the use of thermal infrared (TIR) cameras carried by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to identify and characterize shallow karstic conduits. A pilot area was selected...

The Costa Tropical in Granada Province, in Southern Spain, was intensively developed during the 1980s and 90s. A complex of several residential communities was built on the eastern slope of the coastal Cerro Gordo hill (Almuñécar), on the pre-existing Calaiza landslide. This was not identified in the preliminary technical studies, thus giving rise...

This study describes a new methodology for monitoring landslide displacements using a set of linear elements included in the terrain. These linear elements are digitized using the products obtained from several photogrammetric flights implemented by means of unmanned aircraft systems in several dates. The control of the displacements between dates...

In this work a detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of the Almegíjar landslide is presented. It is a rock slide located in the Alpujarras region (Granada, Spain) that has developed over the last 30 years. Six datasets and photogrammetric flights corresponding to the years 1956, 1984, 1992, 2001, 2008, and 2010 were surveyed. The more recent...

This paper deals with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) techniques and high resolution photogrammetry to study the evolution of a landslide affecting olive groves. The last decade has seen an extensive use of UAV, a technology in clear progression in many environmental applications like landslide research. The methodology starts wit...

Nowadays, data fusion is one of the trends in geomatics sciences, due to the necessity of merging data from different kind of sensors and periods of time. Also, to extrract the maximum information from data and useful multitemporal analysis, an exact geoconnection of all datasets in a common and stable reference system is essential. The results of...

Nowadays, data fusion is one of the trends in geomatics sciences, due to the necessity of merging data from different kind of sensors and periods of time. Also, to extrract the maximum information from data and useful multitemporal analysis, an exact geoconnection of all datasets in a common and stable reference system is essential. The results of...

Nowadays, the development of UAS has allowed the obtaining of high resolution and accurate cartographic products, such as DSMs and orthoimages. These products can be used in studies of the evolution of landslides. The stability of slopes is a main issue because, among others, it can suppose a serious risk to infrastructures. Until this moment, some...

This paper presents a methodology for slope instability monitoring using photogrammetric techniques with very high resolution images from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An unstable area located in La Guardia (Jaen, Southern Spain), where an active mud flow has been identified, was surveyed between 2012 and 2014 by means of four UAV flights. Thes...

In this work, a simple methodology is presented for processing high-resolution topographical data over wide areas. It is based on digital elevation model of differences (DEMoD) among high-resolution digital models (HRDEM) produced from lightdetection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Because these qualitative approaches based on HRDEMs can be affected by e...

The Southern flank of Sierra Nevada and coastal Mediterranean areas of South Spain, in the Andalusian Granada Province, a high number of urban settlements and roads have been affected by landslides and instability problems since the fifties. In this period, a very quick economic development with an intense annual increase of touristic demand gave p...

In this work a methodology for preparing landslides susceptibility and hazard maps is presented, based in a bivariate analysis between past movements and determinant factors. The methodology for determining the susceptibility is an adaptation of the matrix method to a GIS, and it has been tested and validated in different zones and environments of...

In this work several techniques for the elaboration of landslides databases are compared. The used techniques are the digitalization on ortophotographies (monoplotting), the digitalization on aerial photographs and geometrical correction, the translate to a topographical map and digitalization, and, finally, the stereoplotting using digital photogr...

In this paper the evolution of the Almegíjar landslides in the Alpujarras (Granada) is presented from the analysis of five data sets and aerial photographs corresponding to the years 1956, 1992, 2001, 2008 and 2010. The more recent flight of 2010, combined of camera and LiDAR, was oriented by using the flight parameters and control points from whic...

estabilidad. Los datos del análisis reflejan que el 15% de la zona estudiada muestra una susceptibilidad a los movimientos de moderada a muy alta que, a su vez, coincide con lugares donde se encuentran la mayoría de las infraestructuras públicas de la región. Además, los valores registrados en la validación mediante el grado de ajuste están por enc...

After the heavy rains of 2009/10 winter, a road cut in the national highway A-44 and the upper slope became unstable; the mass invaded the way and caused important traffic interruptions by several months. The landslide was measured by means of terrestrial laser-scanner techniques and, because of the zone morphology, the used methodology involved sc...

Se presentan diversos métodos para la documentación del Patrimonio Cultural a partir de técnicas no invasivas, y que puedan servir de base para la proyección y ejecución de actuaciones de estudio, conservación y puesta en valor.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta las ideas y trabajos preliminares del proyecto Integración de Técnicas de Fotogrametría y Escáner Láser Terrestre para la Documentación Patrimonial (IFOTEL TIN2009-09939; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Plan Nacional I+D+i, 2008-2011), con el que se pretende buscar la mejora y optimización de la documentación del p...

El uso de las vías verdes como rutas geoturísticas es un avance en el diseño de itinerarios geológicos. Los itinerarios tradicionales se definen entorno a la existencia de rasgos geológicos sin-gulares, mientras que en el caso de las vías verdes, el itinerario ya está construido y, a partir de él, se ponen en valor los rasgos geológicos de la regió...

El uso de las vías verdes como rutas geoturísticas es un avance en el diseño de itinerarios geológicos. Los itinerarios tradicionales se definen entorno a la existencia de rasgos geológicos singulares, mientras que en el caso de las vías verdes, el itinerario ya está construido y, a partir de él, se ponen en valor los rasgos geológicos de la región...

Landslide incidence in urban areas of the city of Granada, and main towns with more of 20.000 inhabitants in the province.....

In this work we present the first results of an analysis applied to detection of landslides features using remote sensing techniques in rock masses at the Betic Cordilleras (southern Spain). After geometric and radiometric corrections, several techniques are used to facilitate a first visual approach to landslide identification, from enhancement an...

This study proposes a method to determine zones gentler or steeper than the equilibrium slope angle based on rock mass strength (RMS) and to regionalize the parameters. The method was developed using GIS and applied to rock masses of the Alpujarride Complex (Granada, Spain). 41% of the natural slopes studied have angles lower than the equilibrium d...

We present a new method for evaluating relative active tectonics based on geomorphic indices useful in evaluating morphology and topography. Indices used include: stream length-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), index of drainage basin shape (Bs), and ind...

This work presents the results of applying the matrix method in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to the drawing of maps of susceptibility to slope movements in different sectors of the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain). In addition, the susceptibility models built by the matrix method were compared with a multivariate statistical method, and t...

Introduccion

In this work several techniques for the elaboration of landslides databases are compared. The used techniques are the digitalization on ortophotographies (monoplotting), the digitalization on aerial photographs and geometrical correction, the translate to a topographical map and digitalization, and, finally, the stereoplotting using digital photogr...

IAEG Commission No. 1—Engineering Geological Maps—is developing a guide to hazard maps. Scientists from 17 countries have participated. This paper is one of a series that presents the results of that work. It provides a general review of GIS landslide mapping techniques and basic concepts of landslide mapping. Three groups of maps are considered: m...

First results obtained using DInSAR techniques are here presented showing low to very low velocity of two deep seated planar slides on metamorphic rocks of the Alpujarride Complex are presented. The slides were considerable inactive after field and aerial photography survey along the last ten years, despite the observation of fresh geomorphic featu...

In the SW border of Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain) metamorphic materials of the Alpujarride and Nevado-Filabride Complexes are cropping out as also Neogene and Quaternary post-orogenic deposits. Landslides of different types are abundant and damages to local and regional roads and other infrastructures, villages, cultivations and private properties...

En este trabajo se describen los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del método de la matriz en un SIG a la elaboración de mapas de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera en diversos sectores de la Cordillera Bética. Igualmente se ofrecen datos obtenidos sobre su utilidad como mapas previsores de zonas inestables. La validación de la utilida...

In Conesa García, C. y Martínez Guevara, J.B. (Eds) “Territorio y Medioambiente: Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información Geográfica” Grupo de Métodos Cuantitativos, SIG y Teledetección (Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles) y Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Murcia. Aportaciones al XI Congreso de Métodos Cuantitativos, Sistemas de Inf...

Diseño gráfico de un mapa de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera Los mapas de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera son una herramienta muy útil para la previsión y prevención de este fenómeno que, aunque poco espectacular, constituye uno de los procesos de riesgos que mayores costos suponen a largo plazo en España. Las metodologías m...

En este trabajo se describe una metodología para la elaboración de mapas de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera así como para comprobar su utilidad como mapas previsores de zonas inestables. Los mapas de susceptibilidad se basan en el método de la matriz que consiste en establecer un índice de inestabilidad en una determinada zona, para cad...

This article presents a method to map landslide susceptibility in rock massifs using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The method is based on making an inventory of rupture zones of different types of slope movements and then analysing the bivariate correlation of these with the factors that determine instability. After determining the factor...

The geomechanical classification SMR (Slope Mass Rating) enables the preliminary assessment of the susceptibility of rock slopes to failure. The SMR index is obtained from Bieniawski's basic RMR (Rock Mass Rating) through an ``adjustment factor'' and an ``excavation factor''. Since its appearance in 1985, this classification has been used for appra...

This article presents a method to map landslide susceptibility in rock massifs using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The method is based on making an inventory of rupture zones of different types of slope movements and then analysing the bivariate correlation of these with the factors that determine instability. After determining the factor...

La clasificación geomecánica SMR (Slope Mass Rating) constituye un método de estudio de la susceptibilidad a la rotura de taludes rocosos. El índice SMR se obtiene a partir de RMR (Rock Mass Rating) básico de Bieniawski, de un “factor de ajuste” que es función de la orientación y buzamiento del talud y de las discontinuidades y de un “factor de exc...

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records...

In this study the reliability and usefulness of a methodology for landslide susceptibility mapping is analyzed by means of different statistical coefficients. The study area lies at the confluen¬ce of the southern Spanish provinces of Cordoba, Granada and Malaga, and covers an area of approximately 503 km2. Most of the geological outcrops fall with...

A methodology is proposed for mapping susceptibility to landsliding and validating the results. Heavy rains in late 1996 and early 1997 led to a large number of landslids in the Rute sector (Córdoba, Southern Spain), where landslide susceptibility mapping had previously been carried out using a ‘matrix’ method developed with a Geographical Informat...

After a period of years with annual average amount of rainfall below the long term annual average during which few cases of naturally triggered landslides were recorded, the rainy season of 1996/97 gave place to new historical records in wide areas of the Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain). These heavy rains led to partial reactivation of many old l...

A digital elevation model of zones of the Contraviesa and Lújar Sierras is analysed by means of GIS and the introduction of vectorial data sets.

El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una metodología para la elaboración de mapas de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera así como para la comprobación de su utilidad. En el sector de estudio (Hoja 1007 -Rute- del Mapa Topográfico Nacional) se elaboró el mapa de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera con el denominado método de la ma...

GIS Methodology to assess and develop maps of landslides with analysis of its distribution....

En este trabajo se propone una metodología para la elaboración del mapa de susceptibilidad a los movimientos de ladera así como para la validación de su utilidad. Las intensas lluvias de finales de 1996 y principios de 1997 tuvieron como consecuencia un importante número de movimientos de ladera en el sector de Rute (Córdoba), donde se había elabor...

An inventory of 898 slope movements and a determinant factors analysis by means of a G.I.S. are presented, in the Contraviesa area (Granada) to the South of the Sierra Nevada massif, where different types of rock massifs outcrop. Among 16 analyzed factors, the lithological units, and vegetation appear as more significatively associated to the insta...

A new era with GIS and remote sensing techniques should be followed by a better compiling of the landslides hazard maps, in order to its general acceptation for civil engineering, land-use planning , insurance and mortgage uses. Considering data arising with landslides activity and degree of development a better zonation of the landslide hazard cou...

An inventory of 215 landslides affecting the Albuñuelas river basin, at the south of the Granada province (Spain), is presented. Some of the main features of the inventoried landslides types and its determining factors such as lithology, slope angle, slope elevation and aspect are described. Then a statistical analysis of its relationships with the...

An inventory of 134 slope movements and determinant factors analysis of a G.I.S. are presented, for a sector of the Granada Province (Southern Spain) to the South of the Sierra Nevada massif, appear as more determinant of the instability of the slopes for every type of movements, the density of local fracturation for slides, the order of channels f...

J. Chacón, C. Irigaray, T. Fernández (eds.). 1996 Balkema, Rotterdam ; Brookfield, VT : A.A. Balkema, 393 pp. ISBN 9054108320 http://search.library.utoronto.ca/details?923941&uuid=aad5b2f8-bff3-40bb-bf0b-da7bb5819365

An inventory of 898 landslides in the Sierra de Contraviesa, South of Sierra Nevada, Granada, Spain, is presented with an analysis of determinant stability factors.

After the description of the landslide inventory and some of determinant factors observed in the Colmenar area (Malaga, Spain) different contingence tables were developped in the GIS to analyse the areal distribution of the inventoried rupture zones of each of the movement types and considered factors. For the assessment of the degree of significan...

There is a great variety of methods for the assessment of landslide susceptibility; nevertheless not all the methods lead to the same results. In order to stablish what is the more appropriate method a GIS comparative analysis of different appraoaches was made by taking in account the case study of the Rute area(Córdoba, Spain) where landsliding oc...

134 landslides were inventoried in the low sections of rivers Darro and Aguas Blancas, in the border of Sierra Nevada. From their typological features 50 were classified as shallow debris flows, 73 as small rotational slides of about 10 m of thickness and 11 as complex landslides all showing evident plastic flow component. The study are had 62,89 k...

An inventory of more than 300 landslides mapped in the Monachil and Genil River valleys, in the border of Sierra Nevada, is presented in general and local maps, with an analysis of main features and typologies, and the factors determining the stability conditions. An assessment of consequences, particularly in the low Monachil valley was made provi...