Tolu Odugbemi

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: E49–E51 Of 109 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from two major tertiary hospitals in Lagos (University Teaching Hospital and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Igbobi), 14 (12.8%) extended-spectrum beta-lactamse (ESBL) producers were characterized using PCR and sequencing, ERIC-PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Al...

Besides hyper-production of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamases, the expression of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacter spp has increased in recent years. In this study, we characterized 10 clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp and 1 isolate of Pantoea agglomerans, with respect to the occurrence of ESBL- and plasmid-media...

Surgical procedures often lead to both intrinsic and extrinsic infections. In order to improve on recovery of patients, investigations were carried out on samples collected from patients during and after surgery. Laboratory analysis was performed on wound swabs from incision, colon segments, scrapes, tissues, pus and catheter specimen urine. The sa...

Medical personnel, the environment and devices in paediatric wards at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) were screened to identify possible reservoirs/routes of spread of infections and to evaluatethe effectiveness of decontamination processes. Between April and June 1995, nasal, throat and hand swabs as well as urine, stool and swabs of...

Surgical procedures often lead to both intrinsic and extrinsic infections. In order to improve on recovery of patients, investigations were carried out on samples collected from patients during and after surgery. Laboratory analysis was performed on wound swabs from incision, colon segments, scrapes, tissues, pus and catheter specimen urine. The sa...

Objective: To investigate post surgical wound infections for anaerobes and to develop effective method for their rapid identification. Method: Fifty seven (57) samples were collected in cooked meat broth, they consisted of 40 wound swabs, 7 pus, 6 vaginal and 4 rectal swabs. They were inoculated into two compounded media; Neomycin Blood Agar (NBA)...

There is a dearth of information on postoperative eye infections in Nigeria and most hospitals do not have an infection control program in place. This study was done to investigate the incidence of post-operative eye infections, their potential sources and the preparedness of the hospital to prevent such infections. A microbiological survey of all...

The knowledge of the nutritional and medicinal benefits of some vegetables found around the south west-Nigeria was tested among cross section of market women in Lagos state Nigeria, using questionnaires and coloured pictures of seventeen of these vegetables. This study was carried out in Lagos state which houses a cross section of the nation ethnic...

The volatile oil of tangerine fruit (Citrus reticulata) was extracted by steam distillation and assessed for antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The volatile oil was tested against some Gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella paratyphi, Proteus mirabilis and Citrob...

Purpose: To compare the phytochemical constituents in the leaves and fruits of Allanblackia floribunda and determine their free radical scavenging activity. Methods: The fruit and leaves of AF collected from the uncultivated farmlands of Okeigbo, Ondo State, Nigeria, were dried, milled and extracted with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carrie...

On Feb 5, 2010 this sequence version replaced gi:268321823.

On Mar 2, 2010 this sequence version replaced gi:268321821.

On Feb 2, 2010 this sequence version replaced gi:268321819.

On Feb 2, 2010 this sequence version replaced gi:268321817.

Bacteraemia is a relatively common event in HIV-infected patients, especially in late infection. Studies in Africa have shown that more than 23% of AIDS patients have bacteraemia but there is paucity of data from Nigeria. Blood samples from 67 consecutive patients with AIDS attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between April and August 2...

The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of the fruits of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Guttiferae). The fruits are traditionally used in the treatment of anti - inflammatory conditions. The methanolic extracts of the fruits (100-400 mg/kg, p.o) inhibited carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats in a dose dependent mann...

SUMMARY Background: Diabetes mellitus continues to present a major medical challenge despite the array of antidiabetic medicines on the market. The disorder is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia and glycosuria. This study aims to study the hypoglycaemic potential of the aqueous extract of Allanblackia floribunda leaves in alloxan-induced diabe...

Phytochemical screening was carried out on aqueous leaf extracts of Hybanthus-enneaspermus [HE], Oldenlandia Carymbosa L [OL] and Paquetina-nigricense [PN], while antimicrobial screening was carried out on both methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of the two plants. The result revealed the presence of Alkaloids [Flavonoids, Cyanogenic-glycosides am...

To investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts of Abrus precatorius on some clinical isolates as resistance to available and affordable antibiotics by these pathogens is on the increase. In this study the antimicrobial effects of the extracts of Abrus precatorius from leaves, stem and the seed oil were tested against Staphyloc...

Background: This study determined the gram-negative bacilli associated with various cancer infections and defined fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Ofloxacin) susceptibility of isolated strains. Methods: Materials for research were blood culture, urine, aspirates, fluids and swabs from cancer wounds. Samples were cultured and organisms...

Steam distillation of the dry flower buds of Syzigium aromaticum (clove) yielded 7% (w/w) of the pure light yellow oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oil revealed that the components were eugenol, caryophyllene, eugenol acetate and alpha-humelene, with eugenol being the main component. The antimicrobial sensitivity of...

The prevalence of post-surgical eye infections in Nigeria has not been documented. However, anecdotal reports suggest that post-operative endophthalmitis is fairly common in Lagos. This study was done to investigate the sources of post-operative eye infections and the preparedness of the hospital to prevent such infections. A bacteriological survey...

Extracts from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. Solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (Seaman's Schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and "omi ekan-ogi" (Sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). Leaves were dried and powdered be...

Background: Widespread use and misuse of anti-infective agents have resulted in problems of drug resistance linked to treatment of infectious diseases caused by worrisome pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with resistance to extended spectrum β-lactams and the carbapenems is emerging and requires t...

We investigated the potency of Citrus aurantifolia (Lime fruit), against pathogens, in the different forms in which this fruit plant is used locally (juice of the fruit, burnt rind of the fruit commonly known as "epa-ijebu" in the Yoruba dialect) and the oil obtained from steam distillation of the fruit. The antimicrobial activity of "epa-ijebu" in...

There is increasing resistance of malaria parasites to chloroquine, the cheapest and commonly used drug for malaria in Nigeria. Artemisin, a product from medicinal plant indigenous to China, based on active principle of Artemisia annua, has been introduced into the Nigerian market. However not much has been done to project antimalaria properties of...

Two hundred and seventy three isolates of Escherichia coli obtained from 7 hospitals in Lagos were screened for Fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR). Rate of resistance was 22.3% showing an increase in quinolone resistance when compared with resistant rates between 1994 and 1999 which ranged from 0 – 2% then. In this study FQR E. coli was more common i...

Lack of running pipe-borne water is common to developing countries and therefore, water used in hospitals and laboratories are collected in buckets or basins from wells or bore holes. This often leads to contamination of the water from contact with the hands when this is used for routine handwashing. By improvising a plastic intravenous infusion bo...

Many deaths occurring in the developing countries are due to water borne diseases which are usually associated with water related behaviour such as improper disposal of faecal material as well as improper storage of water. This study was therefore designed to identify the factors that influenced domestic water contamination in our rural communities...

This study was undertaken to determine nosocomial bacterial infections (NI) in surgical patients in a developing country using the detailed option of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) surgical patient surveillance technique. From 1994 - 1995. Paediatrics surgical patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) were prospectively monito...

Acinetobacter spp are well recognised as causes of nosocomial infections particularly in patients with immature or defective body defence system. Information concerning these organisms are lacking in this environment. For this reason the pattern of infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these organisms isolated over a one-year p...

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes in isolates of Klebsiella spp and E.coli from various health institutions in Lagos. Methods: From December 2000 to October 2001, 356 isolates of Klebsiella spp (200) and Escherichia coli (156) were investigated for ESBL production. These isolates were obta...

There is a broad group of venereal disease that is referred to as the "Tropical Venereal Disease". They are so-called because they are most frequently seen in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Among them are conditions like chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV or climatic bubo) and granuloma inguinale (chronic venereal sores). C...

Over a 9-month period, 8 of 40 nonduplicate isolates of Enterobacter spp. producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) were detected for the first time from two hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Microbiologic and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of ESBL. Only four isolates transferred ESBL resistance as determined by the conjugation test, and...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious therapeutic problem worldwide, and its frequency in most African countries has not been reported. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of MRSA in eight large hospitals (>500 beds) in Africa and Malta, from 1996 to 1997. Susceptibi...

Beta-lactamase production was investigated in 1033 bacterial pathogens--262 gram-positive bacteria, 482 Enterobacteriaceae, 289 non-fermenting bacilli. These were isolated from nosocomial infections in paediatric patients. Beta-lactamase was detected using chromogenic cephalosporin and starch paper methods. More than 80% of the isolates produced th...

Structural studies on the lipooligosaccharide from Campylobacter jejuni, strain 2132, biotype 2 were carried out by sugar analysis, methylation analysis and n. m. r. spectroscopy. On comparing the results with those obtained in similar studies on Campylobacter jejuni strains 1756, 1924 and 2059 biotype 1, a certain notable feature observed is that...

Enterococcus faecalis is the most common of the Enterococcus genus causing infection, particularly urinary tract infections, worldwide. It is also a common cause of nosocomial infections and resistance to various antibiotics is on the increase worldwide. Thirty-five strains of E. Faecalis isolated from various clinical specimens (blood, wound swabs...

Objectives: To assess excess duration of hospital stay, cost of laboratory tests and antibiotic therapy in consequence as well as deaths due to nosocomial infections (NI) in paediatric inpatients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: Between 1994 and 1995, 4,981 admissions were prospectively studied for NI according to the C...

This is a review of 32 consecutive cases of patients with genital ulcers or who were repeatedly reactive to serological tests for syphilis (STS) at the Venereology Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, between January 1993 and April 1995. The criteria for diagnosis of the various conditions included the history, clinical pres...

Classical water purification methods include boiling, filtration, irradiation and the use of chemicals while traditional water purification methods in use are boiling, filtration, sedimentation, long storage and solar radiation. Waterborne diseases are m ore common in the rural communities where potable water supply coverage is usually low. Therefo...

This paper sets to differentiate between Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. Identification and to compare their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at Lagos University Teaching hospital, a tertiary health institution. From March to July 1998, a total of 300 clinical specimens were processed in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Lagos Universit...

Two hundred and seventy seven microorganisms were isolated between February and August 1998 from surgical and medical wards including the haemodialysis unit and microbiology laboratory of a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Environmental Contamination was high. Medical and surgical wards accounted for the highest contamination rates o...

This paper sets to determine the Pathogens associated with nosocomial bacterial infections in children at a large teaching hospital and assess their antibiotic-resistance patterns. A total of 4,981 paediatric patients on admission in various paediatric wards at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from 1994-1995 were prospectively studied...

105 consecutively admitted neonates with tetanus were screened for sepsis to determine the prevalence of sepsis in neonatal Tetanus (NNT) patients and identify the bacterial pathogens causing septicaemia in them. The presence of omphalitis, poor colour, hypothermia and hyperthermia were found to be sensitive predictors of septicaemia in NNT patient...

One hundred and fifty five neonates with conjunctivitis admitted into the neonatal unit at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were microbiologically investigated. This was to determine the bacterial aetiologic agent(s) in neonatal eye infection and highlight some risk factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on the pathogens isola...

The adherence capacity of Candida species to female vaginal epithelial cells was examined. The results showed that in four groups of patients studied, the highest adherence was with epithelial cells collected from pregnant diabetic women (47% adherence, and 1,700 adherent yeasts). Pregnant or diabetic women had 39% each of adherence to epithelial c...

The lipooligosaccharide, LOS, from Campylobacter jejuni, strain 1756 and 2059 were extracted by sequential treatment of the cell walls with pronase, aqueous phenol and ribonuclease. The oligosaccharides after delipidation and gel filtration on Biogel P-2, were analysed by sugar and methylation analyses as well as n.m. r. spectroscopy. The results s...