Todd Lubart

Paris Descartes, CPSC | Paris 5

This article addresses educational challenges posed by the future of work, examining “21st century skills”, their conception, assessment, and valorization. It focuses in particular on key soft skill competencies known as the “4Cs”: creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. In a section on each C, we provide an overview of ass...

Although soft skills training is called for by many scholars and managers, empirical studies on concrete training programs are scarce and do not always have the methodological rigor that is necessary to draw meaningful conclusions about their impact. In the present research, we investigate the effects of a new soft skills metacognition training pro...

Ce livre établit un panorama des recherches les plus actuelles sur la créativité pour mieux la comprendre et la favoriser. Plus de cinquante auteurs ont participé à sa rédaction. La première partie fait état des théories portant sur différentes facettes de la créativité, ses processus, les facteurs favorisant ou inhibant la créativité. La seconde...

In this review of emotion, emotional intelligence (EI) and creativity, we look at the various ways that these topics can be explored together using the seven Cs of Creativity as a structuring framework. The seven Cs of creativity are: creators, creating, collaborations, contexts, creations, consumption and curricula, representing the different face...

An investment perspective on creativity, proposed 30 years ago, no longer seems adequate, nor do various revisions of the model made since then. The world, or at least the way many people experience it, has changed and so have the challenges for creativity. In particular, creativity is being used to increasingly greater effect in negative ways and...

This paper explores the recent advances in research concerning the impact of immersive virtual environments affordances on the expression of users' creativity at individual and team levels. While the top virtual reality (VR) application areas are entertainment and gaming, simulation and training for professionals, research in the domain of the psyc...

When the notion of soft skills appeared in 1972, one of the main conclusions was that soft skills are essential, but insufficiently observed, known and assessed. Fifty years later, the extensive literature about soft skills still struggles to find agreement on a definition of soft skills, besides their cross-functionality and their opposition to ha...

The research on physically and socially situated artificial agents could complement and enrich computational models of creativity. This paper discusses six perspective lines of inquiry at the intersection of creativity and social robotics. It provides a description of ways in which the field of social robotics may influence (and be influenced by) c...

Suite opérationnelle de l’ouvrage Les compétences du 21e siècle, ce livre propose un ensemble de méthodes concrètes et détaillées pour développer les soft skills à un niveau individuel (pour soi), à un niveau managérial (pour son équipe) et à un niveau organisationnel (pour son entreprise). Certaines méthodes sont prouvées, d’autres, plus empirique...

Creativity is a crucial skill in the 21st century. Finding ways to develop and improve it is therefore a major challenge. Games are powerful educational tools, and several early studies have shown the potential of video games and role-playing games to develop creativity. However, the question of the potential of board games is still open. The aim o...

Video games play a big part in many individuals’ lives, children and adults alike. Video games have often been viewed as detrimental to an individual’s development and well-being, while encouraging violent behavior. This framing has often overshadowed another facet to video games use, that is the benefits they can and do bring to individuals. Here...

This paper examines the concept of creative potential as it applies in science. First, conceptual issues concerning the definition of creative potential are explored, highlighting that creative potential is a moving target, and measures of creative potential are estimates of future behavior. Then three main ways to detect creative potential are exa...

This book focuses on creativity and showcases a specific approach to creativity. It uses a new 7 C’s basis for understanding creativity (creators, creating, cooperation, context, creations, consumption, and curricula). This new approach to creativity is an extension of the 4 ‘P’ approach (person, process, press, and product) which has dominated the...

Creativity may be involved in several domains such as art, literature, science, music or everyday life. The skills that are necessary in one creative domain may not be the same as those that are necessary in another. In this chapter, we will compare five domains of creativity: art, design, scriptwriting, music, and engineering. For each domain, we...

This chapter provides an overview of the edited book. The concept of Homo creativus is presented as well as the 7 Cs of creativity (Creators, Creating, Collaboration, Context, Creations, Consumption, Curricula) that structure the edited volume.Keywords Homo creativus Creativity7 CsCreatorsCreatingCollaborationContextCreationsConsumptionCurricula

RESUMO Hoje em dia, as pessoas precisam ser capazes de pensar e produzir de forma criativa. Por isso, a estimulação das habilidades criativas constitui um objetivo importante para educadores e profissionais. O estilo parental que inclui práticas cotidianas de educação dos filhos, interações entre pais e filhos voltadas especificamente para a criati...

This handbook focuses on the development and nurturance of creativity across the lifespan, from early childhood to adolescence, adulthood, and later life. It answers the question: how can we help individuals turn their creative potential into achievement? Each chapter examines various contexts in which creativity exists, including school, workplace...

In this paper, we address the relationship between the intelligence and creativity constructs, by providing equal-level definitions and a parsimonious description of context, allowing the identification of situations in which either one or the other construct prevails, as well as situations in which they overlap and collaborate. The description of...

In this chapter, we address the problem of designing an educational system for the development of both intelligence and creativity. Whereas the traditional education system has been designed for the development of intelligence and competencies, the sociocultural evolution that generated the Information Society calls for creativity as a key learning...

This paper examines three ways that robots can interface with creativity. In particular, social robots which are designed to interact with humans are examined. In the first mode, human creativity can be supported by social robots. In a second mode, social robots can be creative agents and humans serve to support robot's productions. In the third an...

There is a growing literature concerning robotics and creativity. Although some authors claim that robotics in classrooms may be a promising new tool to address the creativity crisis in school, we often face a lack of theoretical development of the concept of creativity and the mechanisms involved. In this article, we will first provide an overview...

This paper examines three ways that robots can interface with creativity. In particular, social robots which are designed to interact with humans are examined. In the first mode, human creativity can be supported by social robots. In a second mode, social robots can be creative agents and humans serve to support robot’s productions. In the third an...

Although diverse European policy initiatives have been developed to integrate young NEETs – “Not in Employment, Education or Training”, it is particularly relevant to question how NEETs are perceived by their counterparts who are actively engaged in society. For this reason, we aimed to examine the Social Representations (SRs) of NEETs in France, u...

Based on social cognitive theory, we propose that self-efficacy is a personal resource that protects people from the impact of confinement in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a longitudinal study where 197 French citizens were surveyed over 8 weeks of confinement (though only 25 participants responded each of these 8 weeks), we examined the...

The investigation of domain specificity by means of structural models is undoubtedly one of the most cutting edge subjects in creativity research. Whereas the dominant approach conceives creativity as a general capacity, a more recent approach conceives creativity as domain specific. Three major domains of creative expression are often identified:...

Contrary to some popular understandings—even within legal professions themselves—creativity and creative thinking are crucial to the job performance of lawyers, judges and others working in law. In these professions, differential success is significantly shaped by problem-solving, interpretative insights, and flexibility in perspective-taking, whic...

The current study aimed to investigate whether board games could be used to improve creative potential. Games have proven to be effective learning tools, and some studies have indicated positive links between creativity and other types of games, namely video games and role‐playing games. However, less is known regarding board games’ potential benef...

In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of lockdown that impacted individuals’ lifestyles, in both professional and personal spheres. New problems and challenges arose, as well as opportunities. Numerous studies have examined the negative effects of lockdown measures, but few have attempted to shine light on the potential positive...

This chapter develops the perspective of giftedness in France implemented at the National Center for Assistance to children and adolescents with High Potential (CNAHP). First, we present the debate about the terminology used to describe gifted children in France which varies according to the underlying theoretical conceptions and representations (e...

The present research investigates the cognitive and conative profile underlying scientific creativity in psychology. An innovative creativity test including both divergent and convergent thinking was used. Intelligence and personality were also measured. The sample consisted of 121 social science students. Intelligence played a major role for scien...

This theoretical article proposes a unified framework of analysis for the constructs of intelligence and creativity. General definitions for intelligence and creativity are provided, allowing fair comparisons between the two context-embedded constructs. A novel taxonomy is introduced to classify the contexts in which intelligent and/or creative beh...

We investigated the social representation of fair price of French and English-speaking photographers using the free association method. In two independent studies, we performed a factorial analysis of correspondence of the words provided by the participants as well as a similitude analysis. The results indicated that “fair price” was mainly associa...

This article introduces a theoretical framework to conceptualize the dynamics of the phenomenon of creativity, which is then applied to the specific case of scientific missions for the exploration of the universe. Static definitions of creativity are insufficient for this purpose, as they fail to describe states of creative inconclusiveness as well...

In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of lockdown that impacted individual’s lifestyles, in both professional and personal spheres. New problems and challenges arose, as well as opportunities. Numerous studies have examined the negative effects of lockdown measures, but few have attempted to shine light on the potential positive...

Are individual-level factors necessary for creativity to occur in the workplace ? Using a novel statistical approach, Necessary Condition Analysis, we tested empirically the hypothesis that individual factors (conative factors, drivers, and creative process engagement) were critical to creativity in the workplace, using a sample of 1384 workers in...

Understanding the precursors of workforce agility is crucial for organizations that wish to detect and foster agility in their employees. This research investigates the psychological antecedents of workforce agility, and develops a scale to measure them. First, in a qualitative study, we interviewed 11 professionals to identify the core processes o...

Creativity is a crucial 21st century skill. Thus, finding ways to improve the creative potential of adults is essential. Games are an effective learning tool, and some studies have investigated the effects of video games and role-playing games on creative potential. However, less is known about the potential benefits of board games. The aim of the...

An overview of Creativity based on the 7 C's conception

Creativity refers to capacity of human beings to generate new productions or services that have value at the individual or collective level. The economic and social development of humanity since the Neolithic Revolution testifies to the tremendous power of creativity to promote change. This article focuses on explanations and measures of the econom...

Creativity can be considered a key resource in human development, education and adaptation. It is often defined as the ability to generate novel productions (ideas or work) that are valuable in their context and are also frequently surprising. In the context of the 21st century skills movement, creativity is systematically cited as a life skill, to...

The aim of this study was to explore whether Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE) improve the creativity of users regardless of their creative potential profile. The study involved brainstorming sessions in two settings: a real meeting room (RE) and a similar meeting room in a virtual environment (VE). Twenty groups of three users of public trans...

Creative potential can be conceptualized as an ability to produce original ideas that have value in their context. This ability can be measured in three different ways, namely by examining (a) accomplishments or (b) ingredients (abilities and traits) underlying creativity or (c) through contextualized tasks that simulate real-world creative work. T...

Current empirical evidence does not seem to confirm that an improvement in living conditions is the cause of the shift in the human mindset toward innovation and long-term risky investment. However, it may well be one of the conditions for greater tolerance of income inequality in exchange for a steady increase in average income.

Creativity refers to capacity of human beings to generate new productions or services that have value at the individual or collective level. The economic and social development of humanity since the Neolithic Revolution testifies to the tremendous power of creativity to promote change. This article focuses on explanations and measures of the econom...

Este manifiesto, discutido por 20 académicos y académicas que representan diversas líneas de investigación sobre la creatividad, marca un cambio conceptual dentro de los estudios de este campo. Los enfoques socioculturales han hecho contribuciones sustanciales al concepto de creatividad en las últimas décadas y hoy pueden proporcionar un conjunto d...

The notion of skill greatly evolved over the past fifty years. From technical abilities only, it came to concern anything relating to the ability to actually deliver performance. Today, four competencies, called the 4Cs, are gradually building consensus among the international community as prerequisites for professional performance: creativity, cri...

Experts agree that extreme situations, where the safety of people and facilities is threatened, require management that combines creativity and reliability. This chapter focuses on the psychology of creativity, and models of risk management and decision making in extreme situations encountered by experts in high‐risk fields such as nuclear, aviatio...

This poster is a literature review of the advancements in the field of creativity in virtual environments carried out by the Institute of Psychology at the University of Paris Descartes with the project entitled CREATIVENESS. This poster was presented by Ixel SANCHEZ at the annual Creativity Conference at Southern Oregon University in Ashland, Oreg...

Some studies suggest a link between creativity and rapid eye movement sleep. Narcolepsy is characterized by falling asleep directly into rapid eye movement sleep, states of dissociated wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep (cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and lucid dreaming) and...

Since Wallas’ (The art of thought. Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1926) four-stage model, the sequential perspective on the creative process may be questioned. The creative process as a dynamic phenomenon is examined in this chapter. In order to understand how the creative process is dynamic, we start by examining the nature of dynamic proc...

Users have been for a few decades recognized as precious contribution to the creative design process. However, the gap of knowledge and motivation between users and designers may weaken the collaboration between participants of co-design meetings. With the emergence of new technologies, design meetings inside virtual environments are developing. Th...

The aim of this study was to explore (a) whether Multi-User Virtual Environments improve everyone’s creativity whatever their creative potential profile, (b) the combination of internal creative resources that favours fluency and originality in a brainstorming task in virtual and real environments (VE and RE respectively). For this purpose, our stu...

The “probe” technique aims to support user-centred design by facilitating the exploration and collection of new ideas concerning technology use and services with a participatory design orientation. This technique consists essentially in introducing and providing targeted “potential” users with one (or more) simple artefact(s) illustrative of the co...

In this chapter we focus on the links between creativity, learning, and technology in education. More specifically, we propose and exemplify a unitary, sociocultural framework of creative learning based on the notions of position and perspective. We start by specifying some general principles of sociocultural theory, in particular the interdependen...

Creativity is considered a 21st century competency. Creativity is integrated in national curricula and in international texts. However, despite its recognition by educational authorities, such as Ministries of Education, creativity is not well implemented in classrooms. Indeed, even when educational practitioners admit that creativity is important...

A number of models of both artistic and creative processes exist. However these models diverge in terms of the number of stages described and their sequences. Thus, a model presents usually between 4 and 9 stages which may comprise substages. Although some of these stages may refer to the same phenomena, they may be designated by very different ter...

Item-response theory (IRT) models are test-theoretical models with many practical implications for educational measurement. For example, test-linking procedures and large-scale educational studies often build on IRT frameworks. However, IRT models have been rarely applied to divergent thinking which is one of the most important indicators of creati...

Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research investigates factors determining managers’ intention to innovate contextualized within the situation of a new management practice implementation: telework. Managers’ attitude toward telework, their attitude toward ideation and their perception of organizational support for creativity were ide...

Recent research on creative person has been enriched with a new perspective that brings together the study of brain functioning with the analysis of creative mind and creative behaviour. This chapter attempts to contribute to this effort, by reviewing the literature on brain activity and creativity, within the theoretical framework offered by the m...

More than 50 years ago the Sputnik moment sparked a revolution in science education in the US, and all over the world. Students in Russia were compared to their counterparts in other countries. Today, the learning for scientific creativity and innovation is again at center stage, as artificial intelligence represents opportunities but also politica...

The main aspect of the present research consists in the comparison of three different scoring techniques of the Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP) (Urban & Jellen, 1995). The aim is to determine the most appropriate evaluation technique within specific populations: architects, psychologists and the general population. The tota...

This chapter offers a new conceptualization of culture, focusing on domains of professional activity. Culture is understood as a dynamic system integrating material, symbolic, and social elements and describing the context of human action. From this perspective, culture exists not only between nations but also within nations, at the level of differ...

The creative process refers to the sequence of thoughts and actions that are involved in the production of new work that is both original and valuable in its context. This book examines this process across the domains of visual art, writing, engineering, design and music. It characterizes each domain’s creative process based on evidence stemming fr...

Creativity at work can be seen as the result of the interaction between individual (cognitive, conative, and affective) and environmental characteristics. Thus, individuals with creative potential will be more or less willing and able to act on this capacity depending on the presence or absence of psychological and environmental factors. The presen...

In a postmodern society, constructivist approaches—focusing on the “self”—such as the life-designing paradigm offer contemporary perspectives in understanding one’s life trajectory. Self-construction appears as a fundamental concept. The present chapter examines how creativity is involved, and can be considered as a relevant resource to foster self...

This paper examines the contrast and distinction between divergent and convergent scientific creativity, and the paradoxical relationship of scientific creativity with cultural factors in elementary students. With a newly developed measure of potential for scientific creativity, EPoC Science (Lubart et al., in press), students produce ideas in resp...

In the present study we experimentally manipulated language switching among bilinguals who indicated to be more or less habitual language switchers in daily life. Our aim was to investigate the impact of forced language switching on originality of produced ideas during divergent thinking, conditional on the level of habitual language switching. A s...

This paper presents a framework for conceptualizing work on creativity in terms of 7 C's. These are: Creators, Creating, Collaborations, Contexts, Creations, Consumption, and Curricula. The content of these thema are described and situated with respect to previous proposals.

The moderating role of openness to experience for the relationship between multicultural experiences and divergent-thinking performance was examined. A linear-mixed modeling approach to account for variability due to subjects and alternate-uses objects was used. In a final sample of N = 199 participants a three-way interaction of instruction type (...

Scientific careers depend largely on the evaluation of one’s merit. Yet scientists agree that the measurement of merit is quite a complex endeavor. Some indicators exist, such as Hirsch’s well-known h index, but none can fully capture the complexity of the notion of merit. We propose that the h factor should be complemented with additional useful m...

Creativity is a 21st-century skill that is receiving increasing attention in schools.One of the key issues that needs to be solved to facilitate the education of creativity is its’ measurement. There is however ongoing controversy on the measurement of creativity. This is an issue of debate concerning both children, adolescents’ and adults’ creativ...