Tobias Kuhnimhof

• Institute for Mobility Research

The relationship between the service of public transport (PT) and its use is complex but can be simplified through the use of indicators. These indicators should be able to accurately reflect PT use so that improvements in the indicators lead to increases in PT use. Although researchers and planners use similar indicators to describe the access of...

Stellplatzsatzungen können als Instrument zur Radverkehrsförderung dienen. Hierzu ermittelt dieser Artikel anhand von Richtlinien und Leitfäden, welche qualitativen Anforderungen an Fahrradabstellanlagen bestehen, und wie viele Fahrradabstellplätze bei Gebäuden vorzusehen sind. Anschließend erfolgt ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den Stellplatzsat...

Understanding bicycle parking behavior is essential when planning bicycle parking facilities. This is necessary in order to meet the needs of cyclists, to effectively promote cycling, and to prevent fly parking of bicycles. Therefore, this paper analyzes cyclists' parking preferences regarding the type and placement of bicycle parking facilities. T...

Availability and utilization of residential parking locations remain a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of urban planning and policy making. Thus, this study investigates questions about residential parking within National Travel Surveys (NTS) across 49 OECD-affiliated countries. The study used a layered framework, differentiating parking locati...

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the mobility systems in Germany and Japan, providing insights into how these systems might influence the implementation of vehicle automation. This comparison begins by exploring the historical evolution of transport in both countries, noting that both have long-established infrastructures shaped by u...

Minimum residential parking requirements exist in most European cities to regulate the number of off-street parking spaces built for new or converted residential buildings. As minimum parking requirements can have various negative impacts, they are controversially discussed and increasingly complemented or replaced by maximum requirements in severa...

Accessibility analyses are important for public transit (PT) planning, as they reveal possible deficits in PT services. Since such accessibility analyses are highly time-dependent, the Modifiable Temporal Unit Problem (MTUP) should be considered. In this context, one approach is to calculate accessibility continuously for an entire day and aggregat...

E-bikes have the potential to promote sustainable mobility by increasing the mode share of cycling. This paper examines their impact on travel behavior in Germany, taking into account socio-demographic groups and attributes, using the 2017 German national travel survey MiD. Two logit models investigate the factors influencing the ownership of diffe...

Bicycle parking requirements in building codes are an important tool for promoting cycling, as several studies have shown that the provision of secure parking increases cycling rates and contributes to sustainability. However, bicycle parking requirements are not comprehensive across the EU and vary widely within countries and between municipalitie...

Economic analysis of bicycle parking improvements

Although the provision of secure parking increases cycling rates, bicycle parking requirements for buildings are not comprehensive across the EU and vary even within countries. This paper uses guidelines to analyze which parking requirements building codes should ideally include, focusing on location and equipment attributes, and compares their imp...

Zusammenfassung Der heute dominierende, an vergleichsweise wenigen Standorten gebündelte Prozess der Energieaufnahme konventioneller Fahrzeuge in Form des Tankens dürfte durch die Elektromobilität auf vielfältige Weise dezentralisiert werden. Elektrofahrzeuge können an verschiedenen Standorten, an denen Strom verfügbar ist, geladen werden. Allerdin...

Zusammenfassung In Europa und vielen anderen Regionen wird die Elektromobilität nicht in einer Frühphase der Mobilitätsentwicklung eingeführt, so dass sich die Entwicklung der Verkehrsnachfrage von vorneherein an den Gegebenheiten der E-Mobilität ausrichten könnte. Stattdessen löst sie etablierte Strukturen in existierenden Verkehrssystemen ab. Sie...

Zusammenfassung Trotz ihrer bisher weiterhin geringen Marktdurchdringung sind Elektrofahrzeuge bereits heute in vielen verschiedenen Einsatzfeldern vorzufinden. Für die kommenden Jahre ist in allen Bereichen mit einem deutlichen Bedeutungszuwachs der Elektromobilität zu rechen. Die folgenden Unterkapitel widmen sich der Etablierung der Elektromobil...

Zusammenfassung Dieses Kapitel erläutert bedeutsame rechtliche Grundlagen in Bezug auf den Aufbau von Ladeinfrastruktur im öffentlichen und privaten Bereich. Aufbau und Betrieb von Ladeinfrastruktur werden regulatorisch durch zahlreiche Gesetze, Verordnungen und Satzungen bestimmt.

Zusammenfassung Der Aufbau von Infrastruktur für die Elektromobilität findet in einem Mobilitätssystem mit bestehenden Strukturen statt. Da nicht zu erwarten ist, dass die Menschen ihre Mobilitätsmuster den Rahmenbedingungen der Elektromobilität anpassen, muss sich umgekehrt das System Elektromobilität an den bestehenden Bedürfnissen der Menschen o...

Zusammenfassung Die Umstellung des Straßenverkehrs auf Elektroantriebe erfordert die Errichtung von Lademöglichkeiten, die als neue Infrastruktur bereitstehen. Der Aufbau von Ladeinfrastruktur ist mit weiteren Implikationen für die Verkehrsinfrastruktur verbunden.

Improving bicycle parking facilities is essential to promoting cycling. However, studies that predict the demand for bicycle parking based on the facility type and the facility's location are lacking. Considering both during planning could help improve bicycle parking according to users' needs. This is especially true when cyclists face multiple pa...

More and better bicycle parking facilities are essential to promote cycling. Therefore, this paper analyses cyclists' parking preferences regarding facility type and location (i.e., with respect to access and egress distances), as well as the influence of bicycle parking fees and user-specific factors. We conducted a stated-preference experiment (n...

Constructing charging infrastructure for e-bikes at home or in other locations is necessary to enable motor support while riding. This paper focuses on charging facilities at work and study locations. It analyzes the charging frequency preference of 281 e-bike commuters who work or study at RWTH Aachen University, using survey data with 1091 choice...

OpenStreetMap (OSM) data are geographical data that are easy and open to access and therefore used for a large set of applications including travel demand modeling. However, often there is a limited awareness about the shortcomings of volunteered geographic information data, such as OSM. One important issue for the application in travel demand mode...

This study uses a unique dataset on the cost of motoring in Germany to analyse cost competitiveness of emerging mobility-on-demand (MOD) services. Previous studies have focused on comparing current and projected MOD prices with the average cost of private motoring. This study quantifies which proportion of private car travel would actually turn out...

In an individual biography, the age between 15 and 35 is characterized by a substantial growth of personal travel, mainly automobile travel. Kilometers per person nearly double during this period. On one hand, this is driven by an increase of personal mobility options, specifically due to driving licenses and car ownership. On the other hand, perso...

This contribution provides an overview of the concept of multimodality in transportation, differentiating initially three uses of the term; that is, (1) multimodality as a property of the transport system; (2) multimodality as a transport policy strategy, and (3) multimodality as a facet of individual travel behavior. In order to gain an understand...

Für die kommenden Jahrzehnte gehen nahezu alle Verkehrsprognosen, die keine deutliche Kehrtwende in den Rahmenbedingungen zugrunde legen, von einem weiteren Wachstum der Gesamtverkehrsnachfrage im Personen- und Güterverkehr aus. Diese Entwicklung wird auch den Stadtverkehr prägen, der zusätzlich durch eine zunehmende Konzentration der insgesamt alt...

Für die kommenden Jahrzehnte gehen fast alle Verkehrsprognosen von einem weiteren Wachstum der Nachfrage im Personen- und Güterverkehr aus. Diese Entwicklung wird auch den Stadtverkehr prägen. Weitere wichtige äußere Einflüsse sind auch Digitalisierung und Automatisierung. Sie lassen eine weitere Ausweitung der Angebotsformen im Verkehr erwarten, d...

Das Vorhaben hat ein konsistentes und grundsätzlich fortschreibbares Gesamtbild der Reiseverkehrsnachfrage und der klimawirksamen Emissionen des Reiseverkehrs in Deutschland geschaffen. Dabei stellen die Ergebnisse der jüngsten deutschlandweiten Befragung zur Alltagsmobilität „Mobilität in Deutschland 2017“ den Kern des Mengengerüstes dar, ergänzt...

Projections indicate that global transport may more than double by 2050. Future car stock and use are of paramount importance for drafting policy measures and for assessing emerging technology developments. This paper uses a unique forecasting approach combining quantitative data and qualitative expert judgements. Based on the historic development...

Transport today is a major force with regard to fossil fuel demand and emissions to climate gases and projections indicate a more than doubling of transport demand by 2050. Projections on the future number of cars as well as their use are of paramount importance for assessing technology options and for drafting policy measures. The focus of this st...

Although for most travel segments data are available, there is no up-to-date and consistent overall picture of long-distance travel demand, neither in terms of total transport volumes, nor in terms of socio-demographic characteristics of the corresponding population and the driving forces. Analyses in this respect, however, require a meaningful dat...

Nach jahrzehntelangem Wachstum der Personenverkehrsnachfrage in Deutschland zeichnete sich in den 1990er Jahren erstmals eine Trendwende ab. Die Zunahme der Verkehrsleistung hat sich deutlich abgeschwächt. Den Sättigungstendenzen der Gesamtnachfrage im Alltagsverkehr standen jedoch sehr unterschiedliche Entwicklungen in einzelnen Personengruppen ge...

In contrast to everyday travel, long-distance passenger travel continues to increase for the German population. Although data are available for some travel segments, there is no up-to-date and consistent overall picture of this specific demand, neither in terms of total transport volumes, nor in terms of socio-demographic characteristics of the cor...

Der mögliche Wandel der Mobilität in Deutschland steht derzeit im Fokus. Sowohl im Hinblick auf das Verkehrsaufkommen und lokale Luftqualität als auch im Hinblick auf den Klimaschutz sind weitreichende Änderungen notwendig, damit der Verkehr seinen Beitrag zur Qualitätsverbesserung leistet. Andererseits besteht die Notwendigkeit und auch das indivi...

Despite ambitious climate goals, the German transportation sector has failed to reduce emissions. As these emissions are dominated by personal vehicles, electric vehicles are central for achieving environmental objectives. To determine potential emission reductions from electric vehicles, a detailed analysis of the transportation and energy sectors...

Der Bericht fasst die zentralen Ergebnisse der Erhebung Mobilität in Deutschland (MiD) zusammen. Im Rahmen der Erhebung wurden in rund 156.000 deutschen Haushalten mehr als 300.000 Personen zu ihrer Mobilität an einem vorgegebenen Stichtag befragt. Auf Basis dieser umfangreichen Datengrundlage wird die Alltagsmobilität in Deutschland im Jahr 2017 b...

Walking and cycling—active travel—can help adults achieve the World Health Organization's recommended 150+ min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. Based on a nationally representative panel-survey of daily travel in Germany, this study assesses weekly minutes of active travel by adult respondents participating in a weeklong su...

Adopting new methods in large longstanding surveys, such as National Travel Surveys, is associated with specific challenges. Aside from methodological issues, the continuation of time series and data that is usable for many, are important concerns. Multi-mode surveys are becoming common place and new methods are run in parallel to established metho...

Vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) directly reflect the extent of spatial interaction within society and economy. VKT is also a key figure to quantify the use of road infrastructure. Consequently, VKT is one of the most important statistical indicators in traffic and transport. For a country with substantial cross-border transport relations such as...

Costs of cars are among the most relevant factors influencing travel behavior. However, there is a lack of data about the true costs of car ownership and specifically on how these costs are distributed across different vehicles and across the population. This paper presents a multistage method for imputing car costs by cost item in a German nationa...

The paper presents projections for the impact of the introduction of AVs on travel demand. At first AVs are introduced into the private vehicle fleet afterwards AVs are also considered for defining new autonomous mobility sharing concepts.

Over the past few years, many studies have provided detailed descriptions of the potential benefits associated with the introduction of autonomous vehicles, such as improvements in traffic flows, local and global emissions, traffic safety, cost efficiency of public and private transport operations, etc. Additionally, the mobilization of mobility im...

There are high expectations on autonomous vehicles promising a safer, more efficient and comfortable (auto)mobility experience. On the other hand it is important to discuss possible rebound effects going along with such a development. New user groups e.g. people who do not hold a driving license today, or are currently unable to drive because of ph...

The pressure on city administrations in the EU to comply with European NO2 limits increases. Therefore, new ideas and solutions that can be implemented short term are sought. One idea being intensively discussed in Germany is providing fare-free public transport in cities. The paper presents likely travel demand impacts of this measure as modelled...

This paper, for the first time, presents comparable projections of travel behaviour impacts of the introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) into the private car fleet for two countries, namely the USA and Germany. The focus is on fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) which allow drivers to engage in other activities enroute. Two 2035 scenarios – a trend...

The transportation sector is responsible for 23% of total global energy-related CO2 emissions. Achieving environmental goals thus requires significant reductions in transportation emissions. These emissions are almost entirely from road transportation. Consequently, electric vehicles have been identified as a solution to mitigate transportation-rel...

This paper introduces the benefits and challenges related to collecting and analyzing vehicle data, in particular relating to electric vehicles. We use data from a current research project as an example. We address both technical and legal issues related to the data collection. On the technical side, pre-processing steps are needed to enhance data...

There are high expectations on autonomous vehicles promising a safer, more efficient and comfortable (auto)mobility experience. On the other hand it is important to discuss possible rebound effects going along with such a development. New user groups e.g. people who do not hold a driving license today, or are currently unable to drive because of ph...

Das institutionell geförderte Projekt Verkehrsentwicklung und Umwelt (VEU) am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) ist ein Projekt von zwölf Instituten der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft. Es zielt darauf ab, verschiedene zukünftige Entwicklungspfade des Verkehrssystems in Deutschland 2040 unter ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten...

Szenarien zukünftiger Entwicklungen des Verkehrssystems leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Unterstützung von Entscheidungsprozessen. Das ist auch das Ziel der DLR-Szenarien im Projekt Verkehrsentwicklung und Umwelt (VEU). Für die Entwicklung von Szenarien stehen verschiedene methodische Ansätze zur Verfügung. Die Vor- und Nachteile werden im nachf...

Mobility offerings have never been as abundant and varied as the present. While users welcome new and innovative mobility options, this current paradigm shift presents a challenge for authorities that plan, organize, and operate such services. In particular, integrating new mobility services into existing infrastructure systems can generate problem...

Frühere Forschungsarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass unzureichende öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur ein wesentliches Hindernis für den erfolgreichen Übergang zur Elektromobilität darstellt. Außerdem gibt es bis heute keine wissenschaftliche Methode, um den Bedarf an öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur zu bestimmen. Daher entwickelt das Forschungsprojekt LADEN202...

To analyse and quantify the possible impact of autonomous driving on mobility behaviour, we used an approach that combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first phase of the project, we analysed the status quo in our selected countries and the expected developments in autonomous driving, and identified potential user segments and...

The first edited collection to examine how we can transition to a future of low carbon methods of travel and mobility.

Inputdaten sind die Grundlage für die Modellierung der Verkehrsnachfrage. Derartige Modelle werden hauptsächlich zur Bewertung von Maßnahmen herangezogen. Forschung und Praxis beschäftigen sich intensiv mit der Verbesserung der Modellalgorithmen. Der Umgang mit Inputdaten für die Verkehrsnachfragemodelle wird oft als „lästige Notwendigkeit“ angeseh...

Vehicle automation technology advances at rapid pace and the market entry of automated vehicles (AV) can be expected within the next years. Vehicle automation technology transitions gradually through different levels of automation (level 1 through level 4). However, substantial impact on travel choices only seem likely once drivers do not need to a...

The paper presents projections for the impact of private autonomous vehicles on destination choice, mode choice and thus overall travel demand for Germany and the USA. These results were obtained by combining a vehicle technology diffusion model and a travel demand model.

Germany has set a goal of having one million electric vehicles in use by 2020. This is a crucial part of the national program Energy Transition, which aims to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and transition the economy to renewable energy sources. Achieving this goal requires adequate charging infrastructure, while also remaining economically effic...

Mobility offerings have never been as abundant and varied as the present. While users welcome new and innovative mobility options, this current paradigm shift presents a challenge for authorities that plan, organize, and operate such services. In particular, integrating new mobility services into existing infrastructure systems can generate problem...

The challenge of transitioning to low carbon mobility differs between industrialized countries and emerging economies. Industrialized countries – where mobility is high but its growth has slowed down – must reduce absolute levels of transport emissions, i.e. they have to transition from high carbon to low carbon mobility. Emerging economies – where...

This paper introduces an innovative methodology to answer the question: Toward which 2 levels of automobility are the BRIC countries headed? We apply this methodology to understand 3 why long-term saturation levels for car travel differ across the OECD study countries and what 4 this means for the saturation levels that the BRIC countries may attai...

While the mobility in the context of everyday life has recently almost stagnated in central Europe, long distance mobility continues to grow substantially. Against this background, the paper presents the status quo, current trends and future perspectives of long distance mobil-ity in central Europe, with focus on Germany. In speaking of long-distan...

An essential prerequisite for research, decision making and effective policies in the field of sustainable transport are reliable data on travel behaviour. In particular comparative analyses over space or time allow for a better understanding of transport systems and their impact on travel behaviour. Further, there is an increasing need for compara...

An essential prerequisite for research, decision making and effective policies in the field of sustainable transport are reliable data on travel behaviour. In particular comparative analyses over space or time allow for a better understanding of transport systems and their impact on travel behaviour. Further, there is an increasing need for compara...

Overall, Spain´s mobility patterns develop along a relatively typical European path. Therefore, developments in other countries help understand developments in Spain. But travel demand in metropolitan areas in Spain is likely to turn out lower and more transit oriented than in other European metro areas.There will be growth of total travel in some...

Au cours des quatre dernières années, nous avons coordonné des travaux de recherche sur l’harmonisation des enquêtes de mobilité en Europe pour l’Action COST SHANTI (Survey Harmonization with New Technologies Improvement). 36 laboratoires de 21 pays (d’Europe, mais aussi l’Australie) ont oeuvré ensemble, en 20 réunions et 4 groupes de travail, nota...

The Shanti COST Action has coordinated research efforts on data harmonization for transport surveys across Europe. Guidelines for harmonizing surveys are not only a statistical problem, because each country also needs to analyze survey results throughout time (time series in the perspective of previous surveys on the same thematic issues with norma...

Während die Alltagsmobilität der Menschen kaum noch zunimmt, ist die Langstreckenmobilität dynamischer. In mitteleuropäischen Ländern wie Deutschland sind infolge von Bevölkerungsstagnation und abflachenden Wirtschaftswachstum auch im Langdistanzbereich Sättigungstendenzen zu beobachten, insbesondere bei den Urlaubs- und Kurzurlaubsreisen. Dynamisc...

The level of automobility, defined as travel in personal vehicles, is often seen as a function of income: The higher a country's per capita income, the greater the amount of driving. However, levels of automobility vary quite substantially between countries even at similar levels of economic development. This suggests that countries follow differen...

Global gesehen entwickelt sich die Personenverkehrsnachfrage aktuell und in der mittelfristigen Zukunft sehr heterogen. Dabei muss zwischen Alltagsverkehr und Fernverkehr sowie zwischen Industrieländern und Schwellenländern unterschieden werden. In den Industrieländern zeichnen sich seit einigen Jahren Sättigungstendenzen im Alltagsverkehr ab, die...

The Shanti COST Action has coordinated research efforts on data harmonization for transport surveys across Europe. Guidelines for harmonizing surveys are not only a statistical problem, because each country also needs to analyze survey results throughout time (time series in the perspective of previous surveys on the same thematic issues with norma...

This study investigates the contribution of the aging of the population and changes in travel behavior by age group to peak car use in France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Norway, and the United States. The terms "peak car use," "peak car travel," and "peak car hypothesis" have been coined for the recent trend reversal in car travel development o...

As other mobility innovations individual electric mobility will presumably have a significant market share only in decades from now. Scenario planning technique provides a framework for exploring the mobility market of the future with a long term perspective. Against this background the chapter at hand has a twofold objective: (a) It promotes scena...

This paper investigates the contribution of underlying trends to per-capita car travel development since the 1970s in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the USA. In these countries, after a long period of growth, car travel began to show signs of stagnation — or even decrease — after the 1990s. Our paper breaks down underlying demographic and trav...