Tina Seidel

• Dipl. Psych., Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Technical University of Munich

In teacher education, video representations of practice offer a motivating means for applying conceptual teaching knowledge toward real-world settings. With video analysis, preservice teachers can begin cultivating professional vision skills through noticing and reasoning about presented core teaching practices. However, with novices’ limited prior...

Background We define teacher wait time (TWT) as a pause between a teacher question and the following response given by a student. TWT is valuable because it gives students time to activate prior knowledge and reflect on possible answers to teacher questions. We seek to gain initial insights into the phenomenon of TWT in medical education and give c...

The concept of teacher professional vision suggests that experienced teachers, compared to novice teachers, might be better at making accurate judgments of students’ learning characteristics, which can be explained by their advanced reasoning in diagnostic situations. This study examines experienced and novice teachers’ diagnoses of different stude...

Hand raising is a key student behavior in everyday teacher–student interactions. Using a longitudinal research design, we explored the stability of hand raising and its directional relations with student learner characteristics over time. We observed students’ hand-raising behavior using video-recordings of 376 German high school students taken in...

Background Teachers' goals play an important role in teaching quality and student outcomes. However, the processes through which this aspect of teacher motivation translates into specific teaching behaviours remain unclear. Aims This study investigates how goals directed at students and the classroom are associated with visual information processi...

Background Artificial intelligence, particularly natural language processing (NLP), enables automating the formative assessment of written task solutions to provide adaptive feedback automatically. A laboratory study found that, compared with static feedback (an expert solution), adaptive feedback automated through artificial neural networks enhanc...

Students with and without migration backgrounds differ in terms of their achievement. One approach to reducing the gap between the two groups may be through equal participation in classroom discourse. Here, supportive teaching behavior can be particularly important for promoting student participation. Especially teacher support after a student has...

Goal clarity is an essential element of classroom dialogue and a component of effective instruction. Until now, teachers have been struggling to implement goal clarity in the classroom dialogue. In the present study, we investigated the classroom practice of teachers in a video-based intervention called the Dialogic Video Cycle (DVC) and compared i...

Background. Teachers’ goals play an important role in teaching quality and student outcomes. However, the processes through which this aspect of teacher motivation translates into specific teaching behaviors remain unclear.Aims. This study investigates how goals directed at students and the classroom are associated with visual information processin...

Background: Scaffolding pre-service teachers' assessment process in video-based simulations can enhance their acquisition and refinement of assessment skills, for example, needed for accurate judgments of students' mathematical proof skills. Adapting this scaffolding to learners' individual learning processes, for example, based on text data during...

Simulation-based learning is being increasingly implemented across different domains of higher education to facilitate essential skills and competences (e.g. diagnostic skills, problem-solving, etc.). However, the lack of research that assesses and compares simulations used in different contexts (e.g., from design perspective) makes it challenging...

Teachers’ assessment of student thinking is both difficult to attain and essential for responsive teaching in ongoing interaction during science lessons. Principles of practice-based learning provide a basis for the design of learning environments which may equip prospective teachers for this challenging task. In an experimental study (N = 104), we...

Multimodal data analysis and validation based on streams from state-of-the-art sensor technology such as eye-tracking or emotion recognition using the Facial Action Coding System (FACTs) with deep learning allows educational researchers to study multifaceted learning and problem-solving processes and to improve educational experiences. This study a...

An increasing number of research groups worldwide use eye tracking to study the professional vision and visual expertise of pre-service and in-service teachers. These studies offer evidence about how teachers process complex visual information in classrooms. Focusing on this growing evidence, the present meta-analytic review (k = 98 studies) aims t...

Das Programm Teach@TUM, das Kompetenzorientierung und Evidenzbasierung als zentrale Maßstäbe für eine gelingende Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften betrachtet, steht im Zentrum des Beitrags. Für die MINT-Fächer werden Maßnahmen beschrieben, wie der Kompetenzorientierung und Evidenzbasierung Genüge getan und so in der Ausbildung von Beginn an Theo...

Explainable AI (XAI) is widely viewed as a sine qua non for ever-expanding AI research. A better understanding of the needs of XAI users, as well as human-centered evaluations of explainable models are both a necessity and a challenge. In this paper, we explore how human-computer interaction (HCI) and AI researchers conduct user studies in XAI appl...

A cognitive theory of visual expertise is proposed to model the visual information processing of domain experts. During theory development, we integrated empirical evidence from multiple methods of inquiry-including qualitative observations, qualitative interviews, eye tracking, and neuroimaging-used in research on learning and instruction in the p...

This article contributes to our understanding of teachers' visual expertise by measuring visual information processing in real-world classrooms (mobile eye-tracking) with the newly introduced Gaze Relational Index (GRI) metric, which is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to mean fixation number. In addition, the aim of this article was...

This meta-analysis builds on and extends Chernikova, Heitzmann, Stadler, et al.’s (2020) meta-analysis on simulation-based learning in higher education by summarizing the findings of 214 empirical studies. The main focus of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the role of prior knowledge and design features, namely (1) the authenticity of s...

An adequate on-the-fly assessment of relevant learner characteristics is an essential professional ability for effective teaching. However, this task is challenging, particularly for teacher students, as they often struggle in applying conceptual knowledge and lack perception of personal value and utility of study contents. Video-based simulations...

Assessing students' understanding is central for teachers. While research has focused on factors affecting accuracy as a main performance measure of diagnosing, less is known about teachers' diagnostic process. This study investigated the diagnostic process of pre-service teachers in a simulation using a person-centered approach. We examined the fr...

Berufliche Souveränität ist ein wichtiges Entwicklungsziel für jeden Menschen und bezeichnet Kompetenzen der selbstbestimmten Berufswahl und -ausübung. Individuelle Ausbildungsreife, Berufswahlbereitschaft und -kompetenz sind Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Berufsorientierung, die ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der beruflichen Souveränität ist....

This article adds to the understanding of teachers' professional vision by analyzing their gaze in an instructional situation of whole-class discourse using on-action eye-tracking data. We investigated the relationship between pre-service and in-service teachers' attentional processes and students' hand-raising behavior. We found that teachers' att...

This article adds to the understanding of teachers' visual expertise by measuring visual information processing in real-world classrooms (mobile eye-tracking) with the newly introduced Gaze Relational Index (GRI) metric, which is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to mean fixation number. In addition, the aim was to provide a methodolog...

Teacher educators are seen as potential brokers able to bridge the research-practice gap and accelerate the adoption of current evidence in teacher education. The present study focuses on the in-depth exploration of teacher educators’ attitudes toward evidence-based teaching practices and provides a deeper understanding of the challenges encountere...

Teacher education programmes need to provide opportunities that support the integration of theory with practice. To date, there is little research on how to help preservice teachers apply professional knowledge to an important aspect of practice: lesson planning. The present research developed an educational approach to lesson planning by drawing o...

Large language models represent a significant advancement in the field of AI. The underlying technology is key to further innovations and, despite critical views and even bans within communities and regions, large language models are here to stay. This commentary presents the potential benefits and challenges of educational applications of large la...

Applying professional-vision skills to classroom situations depends on knowledge about what matters in these situations. In an experiment with 85 biology pre-service teachers, we investigated a 90-min intervention combining both acquisition and application of knowledge about tutoring. The intervention started with an introductory text, followed by...

Classroom videos are a viable means to implement evidence-informed reasoning in teacher education in order to establish an evidence-informed teaching practice. Although learning with videos relieves pre-service teachers from acting in parallel and might reduce complexity, the material still poses higher cognitive load than written text vignettes or...

Background Case-based group discussions (CBGD) are a specific, interaction-focused format dedicated to fostering medical students’ skills in applying basic biomedical knowledge to patient cases. Existing conceptions of CBGD suggest that a gradient towards increased opportunities for students to make elaborative verbal contributions is an important...

Promoting teachers to lead classroom discourse effectively is a relevant topic for teacher professional development worldwide. This study compares the impacts of two teacher professional development programmes that aim to support teachers in their classroom discourse practices. In one programme, an adaptive and practitioner-led approach was applied...

When analyzing classroom video, pre-service teachers can improve their professional vision, that is, their ability to notice important events in a classroom and to interpret them based on theoretical knowledge. However, learning with video is especially challenging for novice learners. Thus, video needs to be embedded into an instructional context...

Aufgrund der hohen Komplexität, Dynamik und Interaktionsdichte beim Unterrichten bestehen im Lehrberuf hohe Anforderungen in der visuellen Verarbeitung von Informationen. Gerade in Bezug auf die Entwicklung von hoher Expertise zeichnen sich daher besondere Anforderungen im Erwerb von Fähigkeiten zur professionellen Wahrnehmung ab, die bereits im St...

Video cases are commonly used in teacher education to support evidence-based professional knowledge acquisition. Novice teachers, however, often struggle when learning with video, since they lack professional knowledge schemata that facilitate noticing and reasoning about relevant events. Scripted video case development provides an approach to make...

Preprint available at: https://psyarxiv.com/bf92d - Purpose: To advance the learning of professional practices in teacher education and medical education, this conceptual paper aims to introduce the idea of representational scaffolding for digital simulations in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: This study outlines the ideas of cor...

Previous studies have pointed out that first-generation students, continuing-generation students and female and male students differ concerning trajectories into and through higher education regarding study program choices and satisfaction. Studies focused on single time points in students’ educational trajectories and mainly emanated from the Unit...

To determine the success of their instruction, teachers need to rely on observable cues in students' behavior. However, students exhibit different attention-related behavior within one lesson as well as compared with their peers. It is not yet clear to what extent these differences result from the design of classroom instruction and how individual...

Students’ learning environments often change during school career, due to school transitions and the introduction of educational innovations, causing discontinuity in teaching and learning. Success of students entering a new learning environment depends in part on their prior expectations of education, as these influence later perceptions. Heteroge...

Assessing students on-the-fly is an important but challenging task for teachers. In initial teacher education, a call has been made to better prepare pre-service teachers for this complex task. Advances in technology allow this training to be done through authentic learning environments, such as video-based simulations. To understand the learning p...

Video-based simulations are considered authentic approximations of practice that can support pre-service teachers' acquisition of diagnostic skills. Still, there is insufficient knowledge on the (differential) effectiveness of different types of prompts on learning in such environments. The presented study experimentally compared the effects of two...

Diagnosekompetenzen sind für Lehrkräfte von großer Bedeutung und sollen bereits im Studium erworben werden. Um Studierende auf die Diagnose math. Beweiskompetenzen vorzubereiten, wurde die Simulation Visit-Math entwickelt. Im Beitrag wird untersucht, inwiefern Diagnoseprozess und Diagnose verschiedener Indikatoren von Beweiskompetenz (Basiswissen,...

Assessing students' learning is a crucial, yet challenging task for teachers, especially for pre-service teachers. To facilitate their assessment skills, simulations and additional scaffolding might be effective. The present study examines, if conceptual prompts as cognitive scaffolding and a utility value intervention as motivational scaffolding c...

Preprint available at: https://psyarxiv.com/bf92d - To advance the learning of professional practices in teacher education and medical education, this paper introduces the idea of representational scaffolding for digital simulations in higher education. We outline the ideas of core practices in two important fields of higher education, namely teach...

Die Analyse von Unterrichtsvideos ist zu einer erfolgreich und vielfältig genutzten Methode in der Lehrkräftebildung geworden. Sie vermag wie keine andere Methode die Unterrichtspraxis in ihrer Authentizität zu veranschaulichen und zugleich in ihrer Komplexität zu untersuchen. Dazu sind in den letzten Jahren innovative Videoportale mit Lehrkonzepte...

Ist unser Bildungssystem ausreichend auf Krisen vorbereitet? Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat offengelegt, dass dies nur sehr bedingt der Fall ist. Komplexe Veränderungen der äußeren Bedingungen stellen Individuen und beziehungsreiche Systeme wie Bildungseinrichtungen vor die Herausforderung, sich schnell und effizient anzupassen. Die Fähigkeit, sich ange...

The call for evidence-based practice in education emphasizes the need for research to provide evidence for particular fields of educational practice. With this systematic literature review we summarize and analyze aggregated effectiveness information from 41 meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2019 to inform evidence-based practice in a partic...

This conference paper adds to the understanding of teachers’ professional vision by analyzing their gaze in an instructional situation of whole-class discourse using eye-tracking data. We followed an expert-novice paradigm and focused on the relationship between teachers’ attentional processes and students’ hand-raising behavior. We found that teac...

Some of the main goals that education strives to achieve are certification and socialization. To achieve these goals in the best interest of the individual and society is a demanding challenge for all involved. In what context is the certification going to be used? Into what society are those educated expected to socialize? Teacher education is at...

Some of the main goals that education strives to achieve are certification and socialization. To achieve these goals in the best interest of the individual and society is a demanding challenge for all involved. In what context is the certification going to be used? Into what society are those educated expected to socialize? Teacher education is at...

Denne tredje NAFOL-boken er en unik bok på det norske markedet. Den inneholder en samling av forskningsartikler om lærerutdanningsforskning som krysser nasjonale grenser, fagdisipliner og ikke minst utdanningsnivå, fra barnehage til forskeropplæring. Artiklene, som kommer fra USA, Tyskland, Island og Seychellene, gir innblikk i den inter nasjonale...

In the present meta-analysis, we examine how secondary school characteristics—such as schools’ academic press, school climate, material resources, personnel resources, classroom climate, instructional practices, out-of-school activities, and socioeconomic status (SES) composition —provide opportunities for students to engage in science and math, an...

Video-based training offers teacher students approximations of practice for developing professional vision (PV; i.e., noticing and reasoning) of core teaching practices. While much video analysis research focuses on whole-classroom scenarios, for early PV training, it is unclear whether the focused instructional context of tutoring could be an appr...

Identifying and interpreting challenging instructional situations is important for teacher performance in the classroom, thus also for instructional quality. This project examines classroom situations in which pre-service teachers diagnose effective teaching in terms of instructional quality in the context of biology lessons. The interdisciplinary...

This chapter presents an overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence on the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in higher education for learners in the domains of medical and teacher education. First and foremost, it presents a theoretical framework for fostering diagnostic competences in simulation-based environments. This theoretica...

This final chapter starts with an overview of the simulations presented throughout the book. All of the simulations are tools to test and foster diagnostic competences. The simulations differ regarding diagnostic modes, sources of information, domains, and topics. The chapter then revisits the four overarching research questions from the introducti...

Mathematical argumentations and proofs cause difficulties for secondary school students (Healy and Hoyles, 2000). Teachers’ diagnostic skills are essential for adapting their teaching to students’ specific needs in order to facilitate students’ understanding of proofs (Südkamp and Praetorius, 2017). We developed a video-based simulation to investig...

Introduction: Case-based group discussions (CBGD) are a specific, interaction-focused form of case based medical education dedicated to foster medical students’ skills of applying basic biomedical knowledge to patient cases. In such seminars, teacher question-student response patters are a crucial aspect. We empirically investigate to which degree...

Introduction Case-based group discussions (CBGD) are a specific, interaction-focused form of case based medical education dedicated to foster medical students’ skills of applying basic biomedical knowledge to patient cases. In such seminars, teacher question-student response patters are a crucial aspect. We empirically investigate to which degree c...

Preservice teachers often find it difficult to apply professional knowledge to their teaching practice. The ability to connect professional knowledge with one aspect of practice – lesson planning – was assessed with the Lesson Analysis and Plan Template in (N = 18) preservice teachers after one year of teacher preparation. Lesson plans were analyse...

Higher education-based teacher education has been tasked with addressing the gap between research and teaching and to promote their closer alignment in terms of evidence-based practice. University-based teacher educators are seen as central agents in supporting evidence-based practice among future teachers. To better understand and design appropria...

Zusammenfassung Die aktuellen Diskussionen um die Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität und die Erweiterung der Basisdimensionen für Unterrichtsqualität sind aus unserer Perspektive zeitgemäß, qualitätsvoll und lassen einen großen Mehrwert für die Unterrichtsforschung erwarten. Mit Bezug zu einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt zur Optimierung von V...

Research in universities and other organizations is often conducted within established disciplines that are historically based and highly arbitrary (Campbell, 2014). However, emergent phenomena fail to fit into disciplinary boundaries, making cross-disciplinary research necessary, often involving corresponding collaboration (Hall et al., 2008). On...

Formative assessment of student learning is a challenging task in the teaching profession. Both teachers’ professional vision and their pedagogical content knowledge of specific subjects such as mathematics play an important role in assessment processes. This study investigated mathematics preservice teachers’ diagnostic activities during a formati...

Gute Führung führt zu besseren Bildungsergebnissen, die wiederum spürbare Auswirkungen auf das wirtschaftliche Wachstum und den Wohlstand einer Gesellschaft haben. Diese Zusammenhänge sind empirisch nachgewiesen, und dennoch sind Führungskräfte in deutschen Bildungseinrichtungen häufig nicht oder nicht ausreichend für diese wichtige Aufgabe qualifi...

Der Einsatz von Video in der Lehrerbildung hat in den letzten Jahren einen hohen Zuspruch erfahren, sowohl von Seiten der Bildungsforschung als auch von Seiten der Bildungspraxis. In meinem Vortrag gehe ich auf zentrale Entwicklungen in der videobasierten Lehr-Lern-Forschung ein. Der Vortrag bietet eine Zusammenfassung von Forschungsergebnissen zu...

The present study investigates teacher diagnostic skills when observing student engagement and inferring to underlying student characteristic profiles. Five student profiles as empirically determined in previous studies are selected: three incoherent (overestimating, uninterested, and underestimating) and two coherent (strong and struggling) profil...

Dialogic practices encourage students to actively participate in productive classroom discourse. In this paper, we investigate whether changes in teachers' dialogic discourse practice are related to students' perceived activation, motivation and cognitive engagement on a sample of 450 high-school students. Nineteen teachers participated in a 1-year...

Different constructs describe and analyze teachers’ diagnostic processes, in which situation-specific diagnostic skills are utilized to solve challenging situations of teaching and learning in class. This study compares two constructs—professional vision and diagnostic activities—with regard to their suitability for coding and analyzing data collec...

Teachers' diagnostic competences are essential with respect to student achievement, classroom assessment, and instructional quality. Important components of diagnostic competences are teachers' professional knowledge including content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), their diagnostic activities as...

Der sich immer schneller vollziehende Wandel in der globalen Welt bedingt die Bewältigung drängender Herausforderungen, die nur durch gleichzeitiges und gleichberechtigtes Umsetzen von umweltbezogenen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Zielen erreicht werden kann. In Deutschland firmiert dieses Denken unter dem Konzept der „Bildung für nachhaltige Entw...

This study investigated starting conditions and individual changes among 19 teachers who participated in teacher professional development programs on classroom discourse. Based on the interconnected model of teacher change (Clarke & Hollingsworth, 2002), triangulated pre-test data depicted mostly positive teacher attitudes and student learning, whi...

The paper addresses cognitive processes during a teacher's professional task of assessing learning-relevant student characteristics. We explore how eye-movement patterns (scanpaths) differ across expert and novice teachers during an assessment situation. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants watched an authentic video of a classroom lesson an...

This study aims to investigate how learning-relevant cognitive and motivational-affective characteristics, such as pre-knowledge and interest, are intrapersonally connected within students. This person-centered research thereby adds to prior findings by simultaneously analyzing student profiles in the domains of mathematics and German language arts...

Studies that investigate teacher attention via eye-tracking methodology display variety in their reporting styles and consideration of their data quality. This may be due to the fact that eye-tracking has been newly introduced in teacher research, and systematic guidelines are not yet established. This especially accounts for the influence of the q...

Teachers' ability to assess student cognitive and motivational-affective characteristics is a requirement to support individual students with adaptive teaching. However, teachers have difficulty in assessing the diversity among their students in terms of the intra-individual combinations of these characteristics in student profiles. Reasons for thi...

European educational reforms call for the implementation of evidence-based teaching (EBT) in universities. Based on the evidence-based research paradigm in medical education, this study investigates the relationship between teacher educators' research experience, practical knowledge, self-efficacy beliefs, and frequency of EBT implementation. We re...