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Publications (91)
Background
Hospitals, clinics, and health organizations have provided psychosocial support interventions for medical patients to supplement curative care. Prior reviews of interventions augmenting psychosocial support in medical settings have reported mixed outcomes. This meta-analysis addresses the questions of how effective are psychosocial suppo...
An abundance of research has investigated well-being as it relates to religiosity and character strengths, such as forgiveness and gratitude. However, few studies have investigated how increases in forgiveness and gratitude might explain why religious commitment enhances well-being, particularly for U.S. ethnic/racial minority populations. This stu...
Historically psychological research has combined Asian Americans (AA) and Pacific Islanders (PI) into one ethnocultural group (AA/PI), thus obscuring important group differences. We evaluated group differences in terms of psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes using archival data collect...
Given contemporary ethical concerns, we conducted a national survey of 216 college counselors’ perceptions of integrating religious and spiritual issues in multicultural counseling and counselor education. Using cluster analysis, we identified four patterns of commitments to multiculturalism and religiosity. Respondents demonstrated ethical bracket...
Mental health treatments can be more effective when they align with the culture of the client and when therapists demonstrate multicultural competence. This chapter defines cultural adaptations and therapist multicultural competencies and provides clinical examples of each. It summarizes relevant research findings in two meta-analyses. In the meta-...
Professional guidelines direct that psychologists working with clients with limited English proficiency should involve an interpreter if a mental health professional fluent in the client’s language is unavailable. However, complexities of interpreted therapy require training. We describe 9 relevant areas of trainee skill acquisition and also survey...
Mental health treatments can be more effective when they align with the culture of the client and when therapists demonstrate multicultural competence. We summarize relevant research findings in two meta‐analyses. In the meta‐analysis examining culturally adapted interventions, the average effect size across 99 studies was d = 0.50 (0.35 after acco...
A multisite qualitative study investigated the experiences of six group leaders and 10 group members who participated in seven different university counseling center international student support groups. Analyses of interview data using hermeneutic interpretation resulted in nine major themes and 10 subthemes organized into four sections: (a) recru...
A large body of literature exists related to parent-implemented interventions for children with disabilities, so it is helpful to synthesize the results of outcome-based interventions for children with developmental disabilities. Specifically, what are the effects of parent-implemented interventions intended to improve children's (1) social behavio...
Wisdom accumulates by reflecting on life experiences. According to the tenets of many religious faiths, wisdom also comes from divine sources: prophetic counsel and personal revelation. Mental health professionals who acquire wisdom through both experience and divine sources have much to offer their clients and colleagues.
A recent meta-analysis has shown that loneliness and social isolation are risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke.1 These latest findings, specific to cardiovascular outcomes, are consistent with substantial research indicating broad health risks (eg, immune functioning, cardiovascular functioning, cognitive decline) associated with the...
Individuals' strength of ethnic identity has been linked with multiple positive indicators, including academic achievement and overall psychological well-being. The measure researchers use most often to assess ethnic identity, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), underwent substantial revision in 2007. To inform scholars investigating eth...
In this study, we examined psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes among Polynesian American students presenting for services at a counseling center. We collected data at intake, during therapy sessions, and at termination for 415 Polynesian American and 18,117 European American students...
There is a paucity of research on the mental health of Pacific Islanders living in the United States, including those of Polynesian descent. This study examined coping strategies, attitudes toward seeking mental health counseling, public and self-stigma toward seeking mental health services, and psychological adjustment among 638 Polynesian America...
Previous research has shown that psychological services designed to assist clients in coping with stressful or traumatic events are more effective when aligned with clients' cultural values, practices, and worldviews. However, limited research is available regarding the preferred coping strategies of Polynesian Americans. In examining collectivisti...
Actual and perceived social isolation are both associated with increased risk for early mortality. In this meta-analytic review, our objective is to establish the overall and relative magnitude of social isolation and loneliness and to examine possible moderators. We conducted a literature search of studies (January 1980 to February 2014) using MED...
Reviews the book, Cultural Psychotherapy: Theory, Methods, and Practice by Martin J. La Roche (2012). This book provides a clear, concise, and approachable overview of how practitioners can work with clients from diverse backgrounds, both in theory and in practice; as such, this is an essential text for students, educators, and clinicians alike. La...
Previous research has shown that Latino/a middle school students exhibiting emotional or behavioral disturbance are at risk for undesirable academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions and experiences of at-risk Latino/a students to identify ways to improve interventions targeted to promote their academic retention...
To investigate the possibility of a Hispanic mortality advantage, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published longitudinal literature reporting Hispanic individuals’ mortality from any cause compared with any other race/ethnicity. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, and PsycINFO for published literature from Jan...
A considerable body of literature over the past 3 decades consistently documents the relevance of client spirituality and religiousness to well-being and psychotherapy. However, research also documents that mental health professionals generally feel unprepared to address client spiritual and religious issues. In this study, 340 psychologists affili...
Social relationships benefit not only mental health but also physical health. This review addresses the following questions: (1) What is the overall magnitude of the effect of social relationships on risk for premature death? (2) How generalized is the effect and are there factors known to influence this association? (3) What are the likely pathway...
IntroductionMultivariate Methods as an Extension of Familiar Univariate MethodsMeasurement Scales and Data TypesFour Basic Data Set Structures for Multivariate AnalysisPictorial Overview of Multivariate MethodsCorrelational versus Experimental MethodsOld versus New Methods
SummaryStudy QuestionsReferences
IntroductionDefinitions and NotationMatrix Operations and Statistical QuantitiesPartitioned Matrices and Adjoined MatricesTriangular Square Root MatricesDeterminantsMatrix InversionRank of a MatrixOrthogonal Vectors and MatricesQuadratic Forms and Bilinear FormsEigenvectors and EigenvaluesSpectral Decomposition, Triangular Decomposition, and Singul...
IntroductionApplied Example of Canonical Correlation: Personality Orientations and PrejudiceMathematical Demonstration of a Complete Canonical Correlation AnalysisIllustrations of Canonical Correlation Tables and Graphics with Finance DataSummary and Conclusions
Study QuestionsReferences
IntroductionThe Fundamental Method of Multiple RegressionTwo-Way Analysis of Variance (AV2) Using Multiple RegressionAnalysis of Covariance and the General Linear ModelLinear Contrasts and Complex DesignsRegressing Categorical VariablesSummary and Conclusions
Study QuestionsReferences
IntroductionAn Applied Example of Hotelling's T2 Test: Family Finances and Relational AggressionMultivariate versus Univariate Significance TestsThe Two Sample Independent Groups Hotelling's T2 TestDiscriminant Analysis from a Hotelling's T2 TestSummary and Conclusions
Study QuestionsReferences
Half TitleTitleCopyrightContentsPreface
IntroductionThe Meaning of Measurement ScalesThe Meaning of Measures of Central TendencyVariance and Matrix AlgebraCovariance Matrices and Correlation MatricesClassical Probability Theory and the Binomial: The Basis for Statistical InferenceSignificance Tests: From Binomial to z-Tests to t-Tests to Analysis of VarianceMatrix Approach to Analysis of...
IntroductionAn Applied Example of Factoring: The Mental Skills of MiceCalculating Factor Loadings to Reveal the Structure of Skills in MiceSimplest Case Mathematical Demonstration of a Complete Factor AnalysisFactor Scores: The Relationship between Latent Variables and Manifest VariablesPrincipal Component Analysis: Simplified Factoring of Covarian...
IntroductionLatour's Graphicity ThesisNineteenth-Century Male Names: The Construction of Convergent Multivariate GraphsVarieties of Multivariate GraphsFlourishing Families: An Illustration of Linked Graphics and Statistical Analyses in Data ExplorationSummaryStudy QuestionsReferences
IntroductionAn Applied Example of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MAV1)One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MAV1)The Four Multivariate Signifi cance TestsSummary and Conclusions
Study QuestionsReferences
Across several decades the effects of matching clients with therapists of the same race/ethnicity have been explored using a variety of approaches. We conducted a meta-analysis of 3 variables frequently used in research on racial/ethnic matching: individuals' preferences for a therapist of their own race/ethnicity, clients' perceptions of therapist...
This article summarizes the definitions, means, and research of adapting psychotherapy to clients' cultural backgrounds. We begin by reviewing the prevailing definitions of cultural adaptation and providing a clinical example. We present an original meta-analysis of 65 experimental and quasi-experimental studies involving 8,620 participants. The om...
This article summarizes research examining the relationship between the constructs of ethnic identity and personal well-being among people of color in North America. Data from 184 studies analyzed with random effects models yielded an omnibus effect size of r = .17, suggesting a modest relationship between the 2 constructs. The relationship was som...
In 1984, 1987, and 2001, data were collected on a religiously devout group of college students (N = 53) in an effort to better understand the process of religious development and the relationship between religiosity and mental health. This study analyzes those data by examining the relationship between devoutness and psychopathology over time, the...
Abstract translated into Japanese by Hideko Cannell.
(0.02 MB DOC)
Abstract translated into Spanish by Rod Veas.
(0.03 MB DOC)
The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality.
This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which fact...
The authors examined client outcome data to evaluate treatment effectiveness across counselor training level. They used a multitiered supervision model consisting of professional staff, interns, and practicum students. Clients (N = 264) demonstrated significant improvement with no significant outcome differences between professional staff and super...
The use of spiritually oriented psychotherapies has increased dramatically during the past decade. This article reports a meta-analysis of 31 outcome studies of spiritual therapies conducted from 1984 to 2005 with clients suffering from a variety of psychological problems. Across the 31 studies, the random-effects weighted average effect size was 0...
Spiritual and religious interventions in psychotherapy have increasingly received research attention, particularly with highly religious clients. This study examined client opinions about and experiences with religious interventions in psychotherapy. A sample of 152 clients at a counseling center of a university sponsored by the Church of Jesus Chr...
Previous research has investigated the complex association between religious beliefs and racism. Many studies have found that fundamentalist religious beliefs are positively associated with racial prejudice among European and European American populations. However, few studies have examined whether this association is found in other cultures or whe...
The authors conducted a survey of members of the American College Counseling Association to ascertain the experiences and opinions of college counselors on several pressing issues within the college counseling profession. Survey results from 133 respondents indicated that counseling centers may benefit from increasing the number of group counseling...
Electronic communication, e.g., e-mail, internet, may facilitate international students' adjustment through contacts maintained in their native country. In the present study, the scores of 45 international students on a measure of adjustment and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale were significantly associated with their electronic communications inv...
College campuses are becoming increasingly racially diverse and may provide an optimal setting for the reduction of racial stereotypes and prejudices perpetuated in society. To better understand racism among college students, this study evaluated the attitudes of Asian and White European Americans toward several racial out-groups. Participants comp...
There is a pressing need to enhance the availability and quality of mental health services provided to persons from historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups. Many previous authors have advocated that traditional mental health treatments be modified to better match clients' cultural contexts. Numerous studies evaluating culturally adapted...
This article reviews the internal consistency reliability of multicultural competency instrumentation. Additional psychometric properties are qualitatively reviewed for commonly used instruments and 5 other measures of multicultural competency that have not previously been reviewed in the literature. Results indicate that the most widely used instr...
A number of studies have documented that acculturation to western society is related to an increase in blood pressure (BP). Although there is evidence that higher socioeconomic status appears related to better cardiovascular health, increasing acculturation to western society appears related to worse cardiovascular health. The purpose of this meta-...
The American Psychological Association and many other professional mental health organizations require graduate programs to provide education in multicultural issues. However, the effectiveness of multicultural education has been debated in the literature over the past several years. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the effectivenes...
The authors developed the Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey (TSOS) to measure the spiritual outcomes of psychotherapy from a theistic spiritual perspective. A 17-item version of the TSOS was found to have adequate reliability and validity in a sample of college students. Three factors emerged from the analyses that corresponded to the Love of God,...
This collection of articles represents the first time that the Journal of College Counseling (JCC) has published articles based on a topical theme. Nontraditional Students was selected for a special section theme because most college counseling research continues to describe student populations in generic terms, perpetuating the stereotype that stu...
Individualistic values characterize contemporary society and many popular approaches to mental health treatment. This paper critiques the individualistic values embedded in the helping professions that implicitly contradict the teachings of Jesus Christ, the surest foundation for mental health interventions. Members of AMCAP are encouraged to searc...
The association between religiousness and depressive symptoms was examined with meta-analytic methods across 147 independent investigations (N = 98,975). Across all studies, the correlation between religiousness and depressive symptoms was -.096, indicating that greater religiousness is mildly associated with fewer symptoms. The results were not mo...
Both researchers and practitioners have demonstrated considerable interest in identity development, and positive personal identities have been associated with numerous positive mental health outcomes. However, major theories of identity development have neglected the salience of spiritual identity, even though the early work of William James placed...
Limited information exists on the racial attitudes and ethnic identities of groups of mixed racial origin. The present research tested the hypotheses that the construct of ethnic identity is valid among such groups and that ethnic identity is related to out-group prejudice, as predicted by social identity theory. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Meas...
Empirical tests of socioemotional selectivity theory support the contention that the developmental trend in adulthood to focus
increasingly on fewer, but emotionally significant, social partners is associated positively with psychological well-being.
Tenets of the theory, however, also suggest conditions in which selectivity could instead lead to a...
The many social changes that have occurred in South Africa since the first democratic elections in 1994 warrant that careful scrutiny be given to the racial attitudes of South Africa's young adults. Their degree of acceptance of the doctrine of deracialisation and reconciliation represents a hope or a warning about the possibility of a stable futur...
Both researchers and practitioners have demonstrate considerable interest in identity development, and positive personal identities have been associated with numerous positive mental health outcomes. However, major theories of identity development have neglected the salience of spiritual identity, even though the early work of William James placed...
Analysing the results of a study on religious and esoteric beliefs and practice among university students from five European and five American countries, we found that the level of religiousness of students depends very much on their cultural environment: the level of religiosity and esoteric beliefs is significantly higher among North- and South-A...
Screening clients at intake for symptoms of depression can be beneficial provided the instrument used is reliable and valid. The psychometric properties of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were examined using an ethnically diverse sample of 324 counseling center clients. Results provided moderate support for the SDS. Differences across demogr...
The present study was conducted to determine the relative weight of both family and child functioning variables in predicting parenting stress. Using measures of child and family functioning, the study evaluated levels of parenting stress in 880 families of children with disabilities. Average age of the children were 2 yrs 11 mo and parents average...
A number of authors have raised concerns over the external validity of psychological research. This study examined the extent to which empirical articles include human participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Articles published over a 5-year period in 14 selected journals representing 3 applied sub-disciplines of psychology were examined. Of t...
Comments on the article by M. Csikszentmihalyi (see record 1999-11644-003) on materialism and the flow experience as an explanation of happiness. In looking at his data through the common Western values of individualism, rationalism, and the Protestant work ethic, Csikszentmihalyi may have overlooked the substance of happiness that has been frequen...
A potentially important variable that has received little attention in the literature is the locus of control (LOC) a caregiver holds for child improvement, including its influence on the caregiver's treatment compliance and on actual child improvement. In this study, 131 mother-child dyads were assessed across 1 year, to evaluate the utility of th...
To determine the long-term developmental and educational outcomes of a sample of low birthweight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), the authors conducted developmental assessments and interviews 8 years after the initiation of an early intervention project. At the time of the follow-up, 62% of the children were experiencing some develo...
International students often face challenges in adjusting to their new environment without the use of local supports such as counseling. This article suggests how universities can form an outreach support group that encourages the participation of international students by minimizing the stigma associated with using mental health services and by ad...
Tolerance and racial identity among 27 young adults traveling abroad were assessed prior to departure and upon their return 2 tno. later. Pretest attitudes did not change over time and were strongly predictive of posttest attitudes. The con tact hypothesis of interracial relations was not supported.
To assess the effectiveness of time-limited therapy in a university counseling center, 333 clients' precounseling and post-sixth-session College Adjustment Scales (CAS) scores were compared. Statistically significant decreases in reported symptomatology were found on all CAS scales. Notably distressed students reported moderate to large decreases i...
Issues of group identity and prejudice have played a large role in the history of South Africa. In this study the authors examined differences among Xhosa-speaking black, so-called coloured, English-speaking white, and Afrikaans-speaking white adolescents within a context of social change. Data was collected from 818 high school students using a qu...
In this study normative data on the College Adjustment Scales (CAS) were gathered from university counseling center clients. Counseling center clients differed significantly from two nonclient student comparison groups, especially in reported problems with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Undergraduate and graduate students also differed on mo...
Comparisons of College Adjustment Scales (CAS) profiles with interview data from 748 clients generally supported the clinical usefulness of the CAS, although further refinements appear warranted.
Previous research has documented increases in racial tolerance of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons or LDS). In the present study, 211 LDS college students held predominantly tolerant attitudes on racial identity which were similar to those of 78 non-LDS peers; however, the LDS subjects expressed more naivete, curi...
Throughout history, both the oppression and emancipation of racial and ethnic groups have often been conducted under the influence of religion. Contemporary research, often marked by contradictions itself, has also made note of this complex issue. To examine further the association of religious variables with racial attitudes and personal values, d...
To examine the effect of the mission experience upon attitudes towards members of different cultures, 273 recently returned LDS missionaries and 493 LDS college students who had not yet served missions were administered measures of racial attitudes. Subsequently, the highest and lowest fifth of missionaries who had served in non-English speaking na...
To assess the relationship between prejudicial attitudes and perceptions of parents' and peers' attitudes (two aspects of the subjective norm) responses of 959 volunteer subjects were examined. Analysis indicated that subjects with the least prejudicial attitudes perceived their parents and peers as significantly less prejudicial than those subject...
Researchers in cognitive psychology generally accept that information, including emotions, may be processed outside of awareness. Some have postulated that anxiety may be induced by stimuli presented below the level of detection, a process called implicit perception; however, conflicting findings as to the validity of subliminal stimuli in influenc...
Previous research has indicated that parents who raise children having disabilities report greater emotional distress than other parents. To investigate the association between symptoms of depression and maternal behaviors, interactions between 48 mothers and children having disabilities were rated. Measures of maternal depression and child functio...
Very few studies have investigated the age at which early intervention should begin. Similarly few studies have examined the effects of early intervention for infants who are medically fragile. The present study responds to these two critical issues by longitudinally comparing groups of infants who are medically fragile. These infants were randomly...
Spirituality and religion are being integrated into racial-cultural psychology and counseling. This chapter reviews the literature that is the basis of that movement. We first describe the historical forces alluded to by Trimble (2000) that until only recently have minimized the relevance of religion and spirituality to psychological research and p...
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Utah State University. Dept. of Psychology, 1995. Includes bibliographical references.
