Timothy Charles Crowe

Thinking Nutrition

Abstract Background Nutritional rehabilitation for patients with anorexia nervosa involves balancing the need for weight gain whilst mitigating the risk of refeeding syndrome. Graded caloric increases and restriction of calories from carbohydrate have been used to minimise the risk of developing refeeding hypophosphatemia. There is little evidence...

Aims and objectives: Young adulthood is a life stage comprised of many turning points. For young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), diabetes self-management support is crucial during this period. There is a lack of diabetes education programs and services tailored to this population. This paper presents the findings, according to the STROBE guide...

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as having less than 200 cm of functional small bowel. Malabsorptive diarrhoea and dehydration are difficult to manage despite medical therapy and dietary manipulations. Evidence shows that supplementing the diet with High Amylase Resistant Starch (HARS) can reduce diarrhoea from a number of causes including gas...

Background: Young adulthood is marked by transitions that impact diabetes self-management behaviors, which require ongoing diabetes education and support. Traditional diabetes education programs and services currently do not meet the needs of many young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as they continue to fall through the cracks of clin...

AimTo assess whether the introduction of a new approach to nutritional care for hip fracture patients, in both acute and subacute admissions, can improve nutritional status, length of stay and pressure injuries. Methods Medical records of patients admitted to Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia with a fractured hip between January and June 2014 aft...

AimPoor nutritional status has negative effects on post-operative outcomes, further compounded by surgical stress and fasting, places gastrointestinal surgery patients at high risk of malnutrition. Recent published research has challenged historic surgical nutrition practices; however, changes to practice in Australia have been slow. The aim of thi...

Background/objectives: Invasive procedures such as surgery cause immunosuppression, leading to increased risk of complications, infections and extended hospital stay. Emerging research around immune-enhancing nutrition supplements and their ability to reduce postoperative complications and reduce treatment costs is promising. This randomised contr...

To investigate if a lower dose of arginine in the form of an oral nutritional supplement can show similar benefit in the healing rate of pressure ulcers compared with the current evidence for 9g of arginine. Twenty-three inpatients with category II, III or IV pressure ulcers were randomised to receive daily, for 3 weeks, the standard hospital diet...

b>Aim: Pressure ulcers are a serious secondary consequence of spinal cord injuries. The objective of the present study was to determine whether an arginine-containing nutritional supplement can reduce the healing time of pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries compared with those not consuming the supplement until full wound healing. M...

Patients with gastrointestinal cancers are susceptible to nutritional deterioration which may be compounded by radiotherapy treatment toxicities. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional status at radiotherapy commencement or changes in nutritional status throughout radiotherapy were associated with treatment toxicity and outcomes in gastr...

Malnutrition is a debilitating and highly prevalent condition in the acute hospital setting, with Australian and international studies reporting rates of approximately 40%. Malnutrition is associated with many adverse outcomes including depression of the immune system, impaired wound healing, muscle wasting, longer lengths of hospital stay, higher...

To determine whether or not the use of an arginine-containing nutritional supplement could result in significantly shorter pressure ulcer (PU) healing times in people with spinal cord injuries living in the community, compared with a comparative historical control group. Eighteen spinal-cord-injured patients (all part of a hospital spinal outreach...

Malnutrition and its associated complications are a considerable issue for surgical patients with upper gastrointestinal and colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to determine whether specific perioperative nutritional practices and protocols are associated with improved patient outcomes in this group. Patients admitted for elective upper gast...

Aim: To determine the prevalence and diagnosis, documentation and referral rates for malnutrition among hospitalised patients and to ascertain potential shortfalls in financial reimbursement to a hospital as a result of malnutrition misdiagnosis. Methods: The Subjective Global Assessment tool was used to assess the nutritional status of 275 randoml...

The antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) make it a potentially novel treatment in chronic inflammatory muscle wasting disease, particularly cancer cachexia. Human primary muscle cells were grown in coculture with MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells and exposed to varying concentrations of c9,t11 and t10...

Aims: The Polymeal was first proposed as a ‘tastier and safer’ alternative to a polypharmacy approach to cardiovascular disease risk reduction. The present study aimed to examine the affordability of the Polymeal, and to propose modifications based on economic considerations, and the latest scientific evidence, to achieve consistency with current p...

Pressure ulcers are serious problems within hospital and aged-care settings and are associated with adverse health outcomes and high treatment costs. Because of a high incidence of pressure ulcers in the health system, attention is now being directed to not just preventing them, but also to more effectively treat them. Nutrition plays a fundamental...

Aim: To pilot and evaluate a new model of clinical dietetics education to address the sustainability of dietetic placements in the clinical setting. Methods: Final‐year dietetics students (n = 14) completed all nine weeks of clinical placement in the pilot program at two large tertiary referral and teaching health services in metropolitan Melbourne...

Aim: Professional practice placement programs in dietetics face a number of challenges in respect of quantity, quality and sustainability. The aim of the present study is to report on the development of an innovative placement model based on a variety of training and supervision approaches to address these aforementioned challenges. Methods: The mo...

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, contribute to muscle wasting in inflammatory disorders, where TNFalpha acts to regulate myogenic genes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown promise as an antiproliferative and antiinflammatory agent, leading to its potential as a therapeutic agent in muscle-wasting disorders...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in a population of elderly hospitalised patients and to explore health professionals' perceptions and awareness of signs and risks of malnutrition and treatment options available. Subjects and design: One hundred elderly patients and 57 health professionals from medical wards of a tertiary teac...

Skeletal muscle mass is governed by multiple IGF-1-sensitive positive regulators of muscle-specific protein synthesis (myogenic regulatory factors which includes myoD, myogenin and Myf5) and negative regulators, including the atrogenic proteins myostatin, atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1). The coordinated control of these myogenic and atr...

Nutrients putatively implicated in pressure ulcer healing were evaluated in a clinical setting. Sixteen inpatients with a stage 2, 3 or 4 pressure ulcer randomised to receive daily a standard hospital diet; a standard diet plus two high-protein/energy supplements; or a standard diet plus two high-protein/energy supplements containing additional arg...

Low-carbohydrate diets have re-emerged into the public spotlight and are enjoying a high degree of popularity as people search for a solution to the population's ever-expanding waistline. The current evidence though indicates that low-carbohydrate diets present no significant advantage over more traditional energy-restricted diets on long-term weig...

The energy density (ED) of the diet is considered an important determinant of total energy intake and thus energy balance and weight change. We aimed to compare relationships between ED and macronutrient content in individual food and beverage items as well as population diet in a typical Western country. Nutrient data for 3673 food items and 247 b...

To test the hypothesis that many foods with reduced-fat (RF) claims are relatively energy-dense and that high-fat (HF) vegetable-based dishes are relatively energy-dilute. Nutrient data were collected from available foods in Melbourne supermarkets that had an RF claim and a full-fat (FF) equivalent. Nutrient analyses were also conducted on recipes...

Low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss are receiving a lot of attention of late. Reasons for this interest include a plethora of low-carbohydrate diet books, the over-sensationalism of these diets in the media and by celebrities, and the promotion of these diets in fitness centres and health clubs. The re-emergence of low-carbohydrate diets into th...

The effect of lipids on the enzymic breakdown of starch was investigated using an in vitro assay system. Mixtures of potato amylose, amylopectin and starch and various lipids were incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 min and subjected to digestion by alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.33). Lauric, myristic, palmitic and oleic aci...

A metastatic rat mammary carcinoma cell line, BC1, contains cells that have retained epithelial differentiation characteristics and metaplastic cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These two subpopulations cooperate to degrade collagen. We have used novel PCR assays to quantitate, for the first time, absolute levels of th...

The development of hormone antagonists, or compounds which can reverse the physiological effects of hormone hypersecretion, has been a desirable and achievable goal for many small molecular weight hormones. The spectacular successes achieved with hormone antagonists such as spironolactone, RU-486 and cimetidine have stimulated pharmacologists and p...

Previous studies have suggested that there is an interrelationship between responses mediated by retinoic acid (RA) and those to thyroid hormone (T3). These experiments have used transfected gene constructs, often in receptor-negative cells. To study the relationship between RA- and T3-mediated responses in intact human cells, we incubated HepG2 ce...

Previous studies have suggested that there is an interrelationship between responses mediated by retinoic acid (RA) and those to thyroid hormone (T3). These experiments have used transfected gene constructs, often in receptor-negative cells. To study the relationship between RA- and T3-mediated responses in intact human cells, we incubated HepG2 ce...

A sensitive [125I]-T4 binding assay was used to measure serum T4-binding globulin (TBG) in 60 individuals selected on the basis of their total circulating T3 concentrations, and a relationship between TBG and circulating thyroid hormone levels in humans was confirmed. There was a significant correlation between serum TBG and T3 or free T4 index. TB...

Barlow JW, Crowe TC, Cowen NL, Raggatt LE, Topliss DJ, Stockigt JR. Stimulation of sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA and attenuation of corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNA by triiodothyronine in human hepatoma cells. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:166–70. ISSN 0804–4643 We examined the time course and dose response of the triiodothyronine (T 3 ) effect...