Timothy Cadman

• PhD Tasmania
• Senior Researcher at Griffith University

Despite the importance of protecting forests and woodlands to achieve global climate and biodiversity goals, logging impacts persist worldwide. Forestry advocates often downplay these impacts but rarely consider the cumulative threat deforestation and degradation has had, and continues to have, on biodiversity. Using New South Wales (Australia) as...

Since the publication of the article ‘Koalas, Climate, Conservation, and the Community: A Case Study of the Proposed Great Koala National Park, New South Wales, Australia’ in June 2023, the Government of New South Wales has continued to permit logging operations within the footprint of the proposed park on the state's Mid North Coast. Conflicts bet...

Koalas are one of the most globally recognized conservation species. With populations rapidly declining in core forest habitats in northern New South Wales, pressure has mounted on successive governments to create a regionwide park to protect this population from further decline. Establishing a conservation-effective national park at a landscape le...

The Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) habitat has been providing several ecosystem services (ES) to the people; however, the differences in local stakeholders' perceptions and preferences of these ecosystem services based on differences in their location, caste, gender, age, and engagement in CFUG are still understudied. This study was conducted using a...

Despite the importance of safeguarding forests and woodlands for achieving global climate and biodiversity agendas, logging continues across most forested countries. Forestry advocates often claim logging has minimal impacts, but rarely consider the cumulative threat deforestation and degradation has had, and continue to have, on species. Using New...

This paper investigates issues confronting forest management and sustainability, focusing on the governance of the community forest user group (CFUG) initiative in Nepal. The paper begins with a literature review to give a general overview of the historical and current situation of forest governance in Nepal. It explores the historical impacts of u...

We provide a comparative analysis of two koala management plans for populations in two Australian municipalities, based on principles of landscape management: Ballarat (Victoria) and Bellingen (New South Wales). A landscape-based approach is required to protect the species, but evaluation of landscape management is limited. We present an assessment...

This paper investigates the views of multi-stakeholders on the governance quality of existing forest management strategies for red panda (Ailurus fulgens) protection in Nepal, focusing on forest governance in general, red panda conservation programmes and natural habitat protection in particular. The study deployed two surveys in August and Septemb...

Forests generate a range of ecosystem services at global, local and regional scales but deforestation and forest degradation is increasing in many regions of the world, with primary forests under particular threat. At the same time, the communities that own and live in and around these forests are seeking incomes for development in an increasingly...

The international political economy is developing carbon markets based on decisions made in Glasgow in 2021 at COP26. The development of such markets is problematic. An examination of the history of the agreements made at the climate change conferences indicates issues that remain pertinent today. These include the ability of markets to provide the...

We investigated the success of the Koala Conservation and Education Program conducted in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia from 2000-2009 by interviewing 28 individuals, from various stakeholder groups involved in the project. Transcripts were analysed using grounded theory to identify common themes, keywords and phrases. We conclude that the chosen 'f...

Conservation biologists and environmental economists popularized ecosystem services as a governance concept in the 1990s. The concept, it was hoped, would valorize biodiversity conservation to place it on a level playing field with the economic concerns of the world's finance ministers and private sector. Has this valorization promise been realized...

The red panda is a unique species taxonomically known for its peculiar biological and ecological characteristics, and extreme attractiveness. Despite being highly significant from conservation, scientific and economic perspectives, this species has experienced a declining population in the wild. Thus, to direct further research priorities and conse...

Climate-related risks will become increasingly more relevant over time. Simply adapting to these risks will result in a so-called “hothouse” world and mass extinction of a broad range of species, including the risk of extinction of humans. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions according to the current national contributions would result in carbon neu...

Forests are vital ecosystems on a global, regional and local scale, but are under threat from a variety of competing land uses. Integrated landscape approaches have been proposed as a way to create sustainable land use for forests and forest communities through a more integrated, holistic approach to governing resources. A variety of principles for...

Risks exist anywhere along the food supply chain; however, the vast majority of negative safety outcomes occur during the handling, preparation, storage, retail and vending of food, and disposing of waste. This study examined the food safety standards followed by street-food vendors in two large cities of India, Hyderabad and Delhi in 2017 after th...

https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/ijsq/9/2/ijsq090203.xml Abstract Governments have previously sought to reduce climate-change-inducing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere through mitigation and adaptation activities, with limited success. New approaches are being explored, such as negative emissions technolo-...

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES) strengthens the science-policy interface by producing scientific assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform policy. IPBES fosters knowledge exchange across disciplines, between researchers and other knowledge holders, practitioners, societa...

Governments have previously sought to reduce climate-change-inducing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere through mitigation and adaptation activities, with limited success. New approaches are being explored, such as negative emissions technologies, including carbon dioxide removal, as well as solar geoengineering, also known...

While developing countries around the world are preparing to implement REDD+, there is a debate on the possible role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholder stakeholders in reducing emissions. Drawing on a case of Indonesia, an early leader on REDD+, this paper investigates the role of fiscal instruments in encouragi...

This chapter presents findings from quantitative and qualitative investigations of the perspectives of participants involved in international climate governance over the period 2010–2015. An established framework of principles, criteria and indicators for institutional governance was applied to two mechanisms under the UNFCCC: the initiative referr...

This article tracks the intergovernmental negotiations aimed at combatting human-induced greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change from COP21 and the creation of the Paris Agreement in 2015 to COP24 in Katowice, Poland in 2018. These conferences are explored in detail, focusing on the Paris Rulebook ne...

This chapter explores the fiscal incentives and disincentives that contribute either positively or negatively to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Indonesia. Indonesia is an important participant in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change programme on REDD+. The programme is funded through financial contr...

In all countries, food is governed by complexities of laws and regulations. Variations in national food control systems involving monitoring and sampling, detection and analytical methods, and application of standards and food safety requirements can lead to trade restrictions. Countries have sometimes developed standards that were not based on sci...

This volume, the second in a series of three, examines the institutional architecture underpinning the global climate integrity system. This system comprises an inter-related set of institutions, governance arrangements, regulations, norms and practices that aim to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Arguin...

The structural changes taking place in villages are partly due to market forces and also because of public policy. The article examines the transformation and development of a village namely Dokur in Telangana, India which has undergone changes since mid-1970s. The village was initially studied in 1975–1984 by the International Crops Research Insti...

This paper presents the results of two national-level studies of REDD+ governance values in Nepal and Papua New Guinea (PNG), using a hierarchical framework of principles, criteria, and indicators (PC&I), with evaluation at the indicator level. The research was conducted by means of an online survey to determine general perspectives on the governan...

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+) requires harmonizing different policy sectors and interests that have impacts on forests. However, these elements have not been well-operationalized in environmental policy-making processes of most developing countries. Drawing on five cases—Cambodia, Indon...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure performance of India in food and nutrition security relative to other Asian countries like Bangladesh, China, Africa and also developed countries from 1991 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on FAO food security indicators under four dimensions, namely, food availability, acc...

Since the Rio ‘Earth’ Summit of 1992, sustainable development has become the major policy response to tackling global environmental degradation, from climate change to loss of biodiversity and deforestation. Market instruments such as emissions trading, payments for ecosystem services and timber certification have become the main mechanisms for fin...

This chapter introduces and applies what we term the ‘comprehensive integrity framework’. The framework distinguishes key concepts of integrity, and this chapter illustrates these distinctions with application to the global climate change regime. In so doing the Chapter defines a number of key terms used throughout this volume, including the Public...

In this paper, we present a conceptual and terminological system – what we term the ‘Comprehensive Integrity Framework’ – capable of applying to both personal and institutional integrity, and to different levels of institutions (including sub-institutions and institutional complexes). We distinguish between three sorts of integrity: consistency-int...

IGES, Griffith University and the University of Southern Queensland launched the Action Research Project to Develop a National Quality-of-governance Standard for REDD+ and the Forest Sector in Nepal, which is presented in this discussion paper. Rather than mak- ing the stakeholders the subject of “participatory” governance assessments, the Project...

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the nascent solution of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) are two global market-based mechanisms that link developed and developing countries. This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of global-level stakeholders’ perceptions regarding the governance of...

Th e international policy community has promoted sustainable development as a response to human-caused global environmental degradation for over four decades. Implementation barriers have nonetheless frustrated eff orts to achieve a more sustainable future. A large body of literature holds that complementing top-down compliance-based governance wit...

This chapter introduces and applies what we term the ‘comprehensive integrity framework’. The framework distinguishes key concepts of integrity, and this chapter illustrates these distinctions with application to the global climate change regime. In so doing the Chapter defines a number of key terms used throughout this volume, including the Public...

In 2014, the Institute for Ethics, Governance and Law (IEGL) was the recipient of a three-year grant from the Australian Research Council (ARC) – Global Carbon Integrity: Applying integrity systems methodology to the ‘global carbon crisis’. The research included an integrity systems approach to identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the global...

As a consequence of the United Nations' Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, the international community has effectively redefined environmental degradation as a problem that can be addressed by means of sustainable development. In turn, this places an onus on businesses to develop practices that reflect new norms of behaviour. This c...

This article details the engagement by the Department of Physical Geography of Utrecht University in the Netherlands with rural communities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to assist them in gaining a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the management practices of the governmental forest authorities of the state of Western...

This paper examines contemporary ecclesiology as a postmodern phenomenon with implications for leadership on environmental issues. Specifically, it raises the question as to whether church-based efforts to engage society more broadly on environmental issues can be seen as an emerging movement within institutional faith communities, or as the church...

There was a great deal of uncertainty inside the discussions AQ1 held in Bonn, Germany, 4–14 June in preparation for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations later this year in Lima, and in Paris in 2015. This hinged upon what will be contained in the new institutional arrangements for reducing emissions, to be developed in the se...

This article focuses on the governance of forest carbon emissions projects and policies. It explores how the development of standards through multi-stage, multi- level and multi-stakeholder processes can contribute to ensuring good governance. It argues that a governance standard, which is developed through a multi-stakeholder process at different...

REDD+ has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, meet climate stabilisation targets and protect biological diversity. Consequently, millions of dollars are being channelled into developing countries rich in forests, for pilot projects that will provide data for the design of REDD+ projects that are based on incentives and performance. Th...

This article investigates the origin of international norms, arguing that one pathway is via the strategic action of sector-specific policy networks. Evidence is adduced from an examination of the contested norm of sustainable forest management (SFM). It is argued that a Canadian forestry policy network, under pressure inter- nally and externally t...

This paper addresses some of the problems associated with the integration of environmental and social values into the activities of contemporary responsible investment institutions. The first of these relates to the current participation gap between internal and external interests in responsible investment decision-making. The second problem concer...

Climate change is a global and cross-sectoral issue. Yet despite the many dimensions of cli-mate change that are tackled at the global policy level, there continues to be no integrating approach to governance. The problem is made more difficult by the institutional framework at the global level, which is often compartmentalized. Concerns about inst...

This paper provides a quantitative analysis of stakeholder perceptions regarding the governance of the UN climate change negotiations on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD􏱌). Governance quality and legitimacy were evaluated by means of an online survey conducted in 2011, using a normative fram...

In this volume of edited chapters, the contributors evaluate how the various institutional arrangements, actors and agendas that comprise what has been referred to as the global climate regime complex impact governance quality. Considering the fundamental features of the climate regime complex — notably interests and power — governing the managemen...

Perceptions of climate governance quality vary greatly amongst regime participants from the global North and South, and across stakeholder sectors, with implications for the current design and future directions in market-based approaches to climate change management. Given the predicted social and environmental problems as a consequence of climate...

Since the creation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, media and public attention has been focussed on the global negotiations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Little attention has been paid to the institutions that are charged with the responsibility of developing effective responses. These are often remote from the pu...

REDD+ has become an important component in the discussions on climate change and forest governance, but there is further need to understand the linkages with local governance and the challenges for its implementation. This joint report will serve as a useful reference for policymakers, professionals and practitioners as they work to promote REDD+ i...

Given the complexity of the actors and institutions involved in the climate regime complex, greater understanding of the relations between state and non-state participants is required. Evaluating the success of this regime complex is therefore also about looking at the social processes that drive climate change-related policymaking. Decisions need...

In the 1990s, an expansion of small-scale (farm) forestry in medium to low rainfall areas was considered to be an important part of increasing the national forest estate but it remains a very minor source of timber, largely confined to the higher rainfall areas. In most areas, returns from timber are much less than for alternative land uses, even w...

This paper explores the changing nature of North/South relations in contemporary climate change governance. Focusing on the United Nations Collaborative Programme to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), the paper presents a theoretical framework, through which stakeholder perceptions of REDD+ governance quality and in...

Global governance, central to international rule-making, is rapidly evolving; thus, there is a need for a way to evaluate whether institutions have the capacity to address the problems of the contemporary era. Current methods of evaluating the democratic quality of contemporary governance are closely linked to legitimacy, about which there are comp...

Achieving sustainable consumption and sustainable living is a response to the scientific and international communities’ concern that the world is living beyond its ecological systems, facing a potential crisis with regard to its environmental and other resources. All individuals, firms and communities, in relation to production of housing, transpor...

This paper applies a governance quality framework to the evaluation of global environmental governance, using non-governmental stakeholder perceptions regarding the quality of governance of environmental policy forums. The case study selected is the UN Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Develo...

Achieving sustainable consumption and sustainable living is a response to the scientific and international communities’ concern that the world is living beyond its ecological systems, facing a potential crisis with regard to its environmental and other resources. All individuals, firms and communities, in relation to production of housing, transpor...

The normative financial assumption currently at play in both the corporate sector and 'responsible' investment is that accountability and transparency are the primary prerequisites for 'good' governance. Here, it is assumed that financial disclosure, and open and transparent accounting are sufficient indicators of probity. Should the particular ent...

The transition of global financial markets towards investment models that incorporate environmental and social dimensions is now well underway. This paper discusses the evolution of contemporary responsible investment (RI) and its relationship to sustainable development and environmental social governance (ESG). In the conception of ESG presented h...

This paper outlines the evolution of the concept of global environmental governance, and its expression within climate-change related problem-solving institutions. A number of institutions address climate change on a global level, with a variety of institutional structures and processes. This leads to difficulties for comparative analysis, particul...

Since the Rio 'Earth' Summit of 1992, sustainable development has become the major policy framework through which the international community deals with pressing environmental issues such as deforestation. Implicit in this approach is the belief that the market provides the best mechanism to bring government, business and society together, and a wh...

Table 7.1 below sets out the performance of each of the governance systems investigated. FSC is the highest achiever of the four systems investigated, scoring highest in each of the P&C. At the indicator level, it consistently ranks the highest, or joint highest, of the other systems. With a score of 17 out of 25 at the principle level for meaningf...

Forest governance provides one of the best spaces available to study the emergence of the new modes of governance that have arisen in response to globalisation. It is in the forestry arena that environmental governance, understood as ‘the coordination of interdependent social relations in the mitigation of environmental disruptions’ most clearly re...

The IFF concluded its deliberations in February 2000, and submitted a final report suggesting that forests were in need of a more independent organ, not linked to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD). Negotiations were held to develop a draft resolution, which was submitted to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). This...