Timo Roine

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Verified

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• D.Sc., M.Sc. (Tech.)
• PostDoc at Aalto University

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging method, which can be used to investigate neural tracts in the white matter (WM) of the brain. Significant partial volume effects (PVEs) are present in the DW signal due to relatively large voxel sizes. These PVEs can be caused by both non-WM tissue, such as gray matt...

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging method, which can be used to investigate neural tracts in the white matter (WM) of the brain. However, the voxel sizes used in DW-MRI are relatively large, making DW-MRI prone to significant partial volume effects (PVE). These PVEs can be caused both by complex (e.g....

Recent brain imaging findings suggest that there are widely distributed abnormalities affecting the brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using graph theoretical analysis, it is possible to investigate both global and local properties of brain’s wiring diagram, i.e., the connectome. We acquired diffusion-weighted ma...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be used to non-invasively probe the brain microstructure. In addition, recent advances have enabled the identification of complex fiber configurations present in most of the white matter. This has improved the investigation of structural connectivity with tractography methods. Whole-brain structural...

We investigated the topology of structural brain connectivity networks and its association to outcome following mild traumatic brain injury, a major cause of permanent disability. Eighty-five patients with mild traumatic brain injury underwent MRI twice, about three weeks and eight months after injury, and 30 age-matched orthopedic trauma control s...

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established method for noninvasive brain stimulation, used for investigating and treating brain disorders. Recently, multi-locus TMS (mTMS) has expanded the capabilities of TMS by employing an array of overlapping stimulation coils, enabling delivery of stimulation pulses at different cortica...

The number of studies examining functional connectivity of the human brain is increasing rapidly. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we examined the reliability of connectivity related to language production in a picture naming test-retest paradigm, using data collected from the same participants on 2 separate days. We determined the conne...

Objective Our goal was to create open-source software for closed-loop EEG-TMS that allows researchers to rapidly prototype and develop novel stimulation paradigms in a high-level programming language. This addresses the limitations of current solutions, which often rely on proprietary hardware and software, limiting their accessibility and customiz...

Objective Current transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols exhibit high inter-subject variability in treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for personalized, brain-state-dependent closed-loop stimulation protocols. To enable such protocols, we aim to provide robust, precisely timed external control of TMS, with stimulation timed relativ...

Machine learning may enhance clinical data analysis but requires large amounts of training data, which are scarce for rare pathologies. While generative neural network models can create realistic synthetic data such as 3D MRI volumes and, thus, augment training datasets, the generation of complex data remains challenging. Fibre orientation distribu...

Forecasting electroencephalography (EEG) signals, that is, estimating future values of the time series based on the past ones, is essential in many real-time EEG-based applications, such as brain–computer interfaces and closed-loop brain stimulation. As these applications are becoming more and more common, the importance of a good prediction model...

The brain is a highly complex physical system made of assemblies of neurons that work together to accomplish elaborate tasks such as motor control, memory and perception. How these parts work together has been studied for decades by neuroscientists using neuroimaging, psychological manipulations, and neurostimulation. Neurostimulation has gained pa...

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established method for noninvasive brain stimulation, used for investigating and treating brain disorders. Recently, multi-locus TMS (mTMS) has expanded the capabilities of TMS by employing an array of overlapping stimulation coils, enabling delivery of stimulation pulses at different cortic...

Neuromodulation is based on the principle that brain stimulation produces plastic changes in cerebral circuitry. Given the intersubject structural and functional variability, neuromodulation has a personalized effect in the brain. Moreover, because of cerebral dominance and interhemispheric functional and structural differences in the same individu...

Background Working memory (WM) deficits are among the most prominent cognitive impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While functional connectivity is a prevailing approach in brain imaging of ADHD, alterations in WM-related functional brain networks and their malleability by cognitive training are not well known. We examin...

Neuromodulation is based on the principle that brain stimulation produces plastic changes in cerebral circuitry. Given the intersubject structural and functional variability, neuromodulation has a personalized effect in the brain. Moreover, because of cerebral dominance and interhemispheric functional and structural differences in the same individu...

Objective Forecasting electroencephalography (EEG) signals, i.e., estimating future values of the time series based on the past ones, is essential in many real-time EEG-based applications, such as brain– computer interfaces and closed-loop brain stimulation. As these applications are becoming more and more common, the importance of a good predictio...

Current knowledge of white matter changes in large-scale brain networks in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is scarce. We collected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in 40 adults with ADHD and 36 neurotypical controls and used constrained spherical deconvolution–based tractography to reconstruct whole-brain str...

In this article, a novel multigrid-based method is developed for modeling of electric fields and currents in electrically anisotropic and heterogeneous media. The method is useful for numerical assessment of human exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields, which has been typically performed using isotropic models of the human body. The metho...

The number of studies examining changes in functional connectivity of the human brain is increasing rapidly. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we examined the reliability of dynamic connectivity related to language processing in a picture naming test-retest paradigm, using data collected from the same participants on two separate days. We...

Background: It is known that blood levels of neurofilament light (NF-L) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) are both associated with outcome of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Here, we sought to examine the association between admission levels of plasma NF-L and white matter (WM) integrity in post-acute stag...

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a neurological emergency, affecting a younger population than individuals experiencing an ischemic stroke; aSAH is associated with a high risk of mortality and permanent disability. The noble gas xenon has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties as demonstrated in numerous preclinical...

Current knowledge of white matter changes in large-scale brain networks in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is scarce. We collected diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in 40 adults with ADHD and 36 neurotypical controls and used constrained spherical deconvolution based tractography to reconstruct whole-brain str...

Background and purpose: We investigated global and local properties of the structural brain connectivity networks in aspartylglucosaminuria, an autosomal recessive and progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease. Brain connectivity in aspartylglucosaminuria has not been investigated before, but previous structural MR imaging studies ha...

Detection of microstructural white matter injury in traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires specialised imaging methods, of which diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been extensively studied. Newer fibre alignment estimation methods, such as constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD), are better than DTI in resolving crossing fibres that are ubiquitous...

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data can be used to develop computer-assisted diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases such as aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) and other lysosomal storage disorders. MR images contain features that are suitable for the classification and differentiation of affected individuals from healthy persons. Here, comparis...

Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI (dMRI) metrics. These diffusion models reveal detailed insights into white matter microstructural changes with development, pathology, and function. Here, we aim at assessing the clinical utility of dMRI metrics along the corticospinal tract, investigating whet...

Gliomas that infiltrate networks and systems, such as the motor system, often lead to substantial functional impairment in multiple systems. Network-based statistics (NBS) allow to assess local network differences and graph theoretical analyses enable investigation of global and local network properties. Here, we used network measures to characteri...

Along tract statistics enables white matter characterization using various diffusion MRI (dMRI) metrics. Here, we applied a machine learning (ML) method to assess the clinical utility of dMRI metrics along corticospinal tracts (CST), investigating whether motor glioma patients can be classified with respect to their motor status. The ML-based analy...

Gliomas that infiltrate networks and systems, such as the motor system, often lead to substantial functional impairment in multiple systems. Network-based statistics (NBS) allow to 25 assess local network differences (1) and graph theoretical analyses (2) enable investigation of global and local network properties. Here, we used network measures to...

Tumors infiltrating the motor system lead to significant disability, often caused by corticospinal tract injury. The delineation of the healthy-pathological white matter (WM) interface area, for which diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has shown promising potential, may improve treatment outcome. However, up to 90% of white matter (WM) vox...

Tumors infiltrating the motor system lead to significant disability, often caused by corticospinal tract injury. The delineation of the healthy-pathological white matter (WM) interface area, for which diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has shown promising potential, may improve treatment outcome. However, up to 90% of white matter (WM) vox...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in long-lasting consequences. We investigated white matter (WM) alterations at 6-12 months following mTBI using diffusion tensor imaging and assessed if the alterations associate with outcome. Eighty-five patients with mTBI underwent diffusion-weighted MRI on average eight months post-injury and patient...

The structural complexity of the thalamus, due to its mixed composition of gray and white matter, make it challenging to disjoint and quantify each tissue contribution to the thalamic anatomy. This work promotes the use of partial‐volume‐based over probabilistic‐based tissue segmentation approaches to better capture thalamic gray matter differences...

Background and purpose: We used diffusion MR imaging to investigate the structural brain connectivity networks in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood. Although changes in conventional MR imaging are typically not visually apparent in children aged <10 years, we previously found signif...

Background: There is increasing evidence that redox dysregulation, which can lead to oxidative stress and eventually to impairment of oligodendrocytes and parvalbumin interneurons, may underlie brain connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we previously reported that levels of brain antioxidant glutathione in the medial prefrontal...

The ventro-intermediate nucleus (Vim), as part of the motor thalamic nuclei, is a commonly used target in functional stereotactic neurosurgery for treatment of drug-resistant tremor. As it cannot be directly visualized on routinely used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its clinical targeting is performed using indirect methods. Recent literature s...

The thalamus has a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Formed by several nuclei, it is mainly constituted by partial volume (PV) of grey and white matter. We hypothesize that a PV segmentation will be better in measuring subtle changes in schizophrenia than total thalamus volume or local measurements that do not consider PV. We co...

Background and purpose: Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood. It manifests with loss of vision, seizures, and loss of cognitive and motor functions leading to premature death. Previous MR imaging studies have reported cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, progressive hippocamp...

Background Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disease arising from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that cause disconnectivity within core brain networks including the thalamus. The thalamus has a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, however to what extent and how it is affected at the microstructur...

Background In schizophrenic patients, increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved on the disease pathophysiology. Estimation of the level of glutathione (GSH), main actor of the brain redox dysregulation, has revealed a decreased GSH levels in early psychosis patients (EPP). N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and precursor...

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the unique ability to non-invasively measure brain microstructure and structural connectivity in vivo. Until recently, the accuracy of the reconstructed neural pathways has been limited due to the inability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to detect crossing pathways, present in the majority of white...

Global fractional anisotropy (FA) values measured with the three different methods in acute or sub-acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI defined as GCS ≥ 13, GCS ≥ 13 and post traumatic amnesia (PTA) < 24 h, GCS ≥ 13 and PTA > 24 h) vs controls. Age was used as covariate.

Global mean (MD), axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusivity values measured with the single-fiber skeleton approach in acute or sub-acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI defined as GCS ≥ 13, GCS ≥ 13 and post traumatic amnesia (PTA) < 24 h, GCS ≥ 13 and PTA > 24 h) vs controls. Age was used as covariate.

We sought to investigate white matter abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). We applied a global approach based on tract-based spatial statistics skeleton as well as constrained spherical deconvolution tractography. DW-MRI was performed on 102 patients with mTBI within two m...

We used a robust diffusion MRI approach to analyse global microstructural abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) without confounding effects of complex fiber configurations. Microstructural properties of white matter skeleton were investigated, but only voxels with a single fiber orientation detected with constrained spherical deconvol...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to see whether there are any global changes in the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the brain of patients with TBI compared to healthy controls using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) method. Methods: We studied 41 patients with mild TBI (GCS= 13-15) and 23 controls using diffusion-weighted...

Diffusion Weighted (DW) MRI allows for the non-invasive study of water diffusion inside living tissues. As such, it is useful for the investigation of human brain white matter (WM) connectivity in vivo through fiber tractography (FT) algorithms. Many DW-MRI tailored restoration techniques and FT algorithms have been developed. However, it is not cl...

Background The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in neural structure in individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS), high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main symptoms of AS are severe impairments in social interactions and restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests or activities....

Purpose: In this study, we investigated partial volume effects (PVEs) of non-white matter (WM) tissue in constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) [1]. Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is prone to significant PVEs due to its limitations in spatial resolution [2]. While able to detect multiple crossing or kissing fiber config...

In this study, we investigated partial volume effects (PVEs) of non-white matter (WM) tissue in constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD). Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is prone to significant PVEs due to its limitations in spatial resolution. While able to detect multiple crossing or kissing fiber configurations, non-WM...

To investigate whether there are global white matter (WM) differences between autistic and healthy adults, we performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 14 male adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and 19 gender-, age-, and intelligence quotient-matched controls. We focused on individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), AS, to...

Background: Twin and family studies have indicated a strong genetic component in autism spectrum disorders, and genetic studies have revealed highly heterogeneous risk factors. The range and severity of the symptom presentation also vary in the spectrum. Thus, symptom-based phenotypes are putatively more closely related to the underlying biology of...

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which belongs to autism spectrum disorders. Its main symptoms are deficits in social interactions, and restricted and stereotyped behavior. There is accumulating evidence that the white matter tracts connecting brain areas are atypical in AS (for a review, see Schipul et al. 2011). Here, we c...

This paper presents a novel simulation concept for operator training in the field of mineral processing. The simulations are carried out with a dynamic process simulator HSC Sim® of HSC Chemistry® developed by Outotec Research Oy. The simulator is fitted to mimic an existing copper flotation circuit as accurately as possible by using metallurgical...

A grinding mill model based on discrete element method (DEM) simulations is being developed at Outotec Oyj (Finland) to be used in mill design optimization. The model can be used for many purposes; one example is the selection of the lining and the size of the mill to meet the requirements of the clients. To validate the accuracy of the DEM simulat...

This paper presents generic, modular and scalable machine vision architecture for single or multi camera applications. It can be used for rapid-prototyping but, as shown in the text, it has also been successfully applied for on-line plant installation for several years without any problems. The key idea is to separate the algorithm development and...