Tim J Evans

University of Missouri | Mizzou · Department of Veterinary Pathobiology

Ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier for enabling the efficient transport of hydrogen, as observed by the many hydrogen transport projects using ammonia. For the clean energy future, understanding environmental impacts of the transport system is important. This study conducts life cycle assessment (LCA) for the marine transport of renewable hydr...

The role of renewable energy, such as biogas or renewable methane is important for decarbonisation of the energy sector. This study analyses environmental impacts of renewable methane production from seven different technologies including wind- and solar-powered electrolysis and methanation with direct air-captured CO2, anaerobic digestion of sewag...

Iron ores are principal input materials for iron and steel-making industries. Quality of iron ores is one of the critical parameters for formation of environmental pollutants related to the steel-making process. Dioxins are identified as one of the most toxic pollutants emitted during ironmaking, specifically during the sintering process. This stud...

Steam methane reforming (SMR) using natural gas is the most commonly used technology for hydrogen production. Industrial hydrogen production contributes to pollutant emissions, which may differ from the theoretical estimates due to process conditions, type and state of installed pollution control equipment. The aim of this study was to estimate the...

Industrial products Vehicle numbers a b s t r a c t This study investigated concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and O 3 , and air quality index (AQI) values across 368 cities in mainland China during 2015-2018. The study further examined relationships of air pollution status with local industrial capacities and vehicle possessions....

Sustainability of electricity generation from all known energy sources: biomass dedicated energy crops, biomass waste residues, photovoltaic, wind, geothermal, hydropower, coal, gas and nuclear are compared and discussed in this article. The assessment was conducted using sustainability indicators across the life cycle of each technology. The susta...

Energy shortage and environmental pollution are global concerns for sustainable development, which can be improved by high value-added reuse of solid wastes. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed for reusing steelmaking slag to treat biomass and produce valuable products. The study consisted of: i) useful elements (mainly Ca and Fe) were ext...

Metal production industries are associated with positive economic benefits, however their activities are significantly resource and energy intensive, contributing to emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases to the environment. The balance between the economic inputs and environmental footprint of the metal production industries determines their...

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a by-product of the iron ore processing industry with potential to be used in different industrial applications. In this research, BFS was used to examine its ability for dye removal from wastewater. The efficiency of two types of BFS samples for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and acidic methyl orange (MO) dyes...

The use of biomass in different routes of ironmaking has been recently investigated. Although the volatile matter is the major constituent of the biomass, its contribution as reducing agent has not been explored in detail. This work aimed to investigate the reduction of iron ore by biomass volatiles and elucidate the steps involved, searching for o...

Metal production industries have positive economic benefits, however their activities are significantly resource and energy intensive, contributing to emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases to the environment. The balance between the economic inputs and environmental footprint of the metal production industries determines their contribution to...

Industrial sources, including iron ore sintering, municipal waste incineration and non-ferrous metal processing have been prominent emitters of dioxins to the environment. With the expanding industrial sectors, many international conventions were established in order to reduce the emission of dioxins in the past two decades. The Stockholm conventio...

Nine different indices for measuring sustainable development, comprising Change in Wealth Index (CWI), Ecological Footprint (EF), Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI), Genuine Savings Index (GSI), Global Well-Being Index (GWI), Happy Planet Index (HPI), Human Development Index (HDI) and Sustainable Society...

Pyrolysis of rubber wastes is an efficient thermo-chemical means of generating high-value energy and fuels. In this work, a variety of technological tools were employed to characterise the pyrolysis of natural and synthetic rubbers, which included three tyres (natural rubber tyre, pneumatic tyre and synthetic rubber tyre) and one natural rubber mat...

The aim of this study was to investigate the non-ferrous elemental composition of water produced during thermal decomposition of goethitic iron ore. A typical goethitic iron ore was heated, while the released vapour was condensed by liquid nitrogen trap, and the elements contained in the condensate were measured and grouped. Results showed that Ba...

Processing of raw materials to valuable products results in the formation of undesired compounds due to feedstock impurities and process inefficiencies. During the iron and steelmaking process, iron ore is converted to iron and steel at high temperatures using carbon energy sources. As the iron ore and carbon sources contain minor and trace element...

Comprehensive understanding of organic and inorganic compounds in atmospheric particles of different size fractions ranging from coarse to ultrafine is essential for assessment of the impact of particles on the radiation balance. In this work the size resolved atmospheric particles were collected in the vicinity of three iron and steelmaking sites...

Electricity produced from geothermal renewable energy sources harnesses the energy contained as heat in the Earth's interior. Geothermal power is generated by extracting hot fluids from the geothermal well and passing them through a turbine. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally accepted tool for evaluation of the impact for a product o...

Treatment of sewage sludge is a major environmental concern for society. One treatment option that converts wastes into valuable biofuels is pyrolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heating rates (10, 40, 70 and 100 oC/min) on the thermal behaviour and biofuel properties of sewage sludge pyrolysis from room temperature to 1...

This work reviews the tools and methods used for quantifying sustainable development. The paper first reviews categorization of the tools based on weak and strong sustainability. It then provides critical review of the UN review of sustainability indicators and the methods for calculating the indicators, which include the environmental footprint, c...

This work reviews the tools and methods used for quantifying sustainable development. The paper first reviews categorization of the tools based on weak and strong sustainability. It then provides critical review of the UN review of sustainability indicators and the methods for calculating the indicators, which include the environmental footprint, c...

The aim of this study was to investigate the non-ferrous elemental composition of water produced during thermal decomposition of goethitic iron ore. A typical goethitic iron ore was heated, while the released vapour was condensed by liquid nitrogen trap, and the elements contained in the condensate were measured and grouped. Results showed that Ba...

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth and thus a necessary part of global food systems. But when nitrogen concentrations are excessive or out of place, problems occur. The principle sources of nitrogen in our environment — plants, water and air — are interrelated (Figure 1). Even though farmers may make proper fertility and crop ma...

NiCu/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Cu loadings were prepared using an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation method. The effect of the Cu content in the catalyst on the mass loss behavior of coffee grounds and the evolution of gaseous products during pyrolysis were investigated. The effect of two different heating rates of 10 and 60 °C/min on the cata...

Degradation of iron ore particles during ironmaking produces airborne particulate matter and reduces process efficiency. The work presented here investigates thermal deterioration of iron ore particles during thermal processing of two types of iron ores, goethite and hematite. While the hematite iron ore showed close to an inert thermal behaviour,...

This article discusses reproductive toxicants as the potential, primary causes of observed reproductive abnormalities and other variables that can affect reproductive performance in ruminants. The causes of diminished reproductive performance in ruminants are often multifactorial. It is critical that producers and their veterinarians understand the...

During equine gestation, ergopeptine alkaloid exposure is not uncommon, and pregnant mares are particularly sensitive to the endocrine disruptive effects of these compounds on lactogenesis and steroidogenesis. Agalactia, prolonged gestation, abortion, dystocia, and placental and fetal abnormalities are all clinical manifestations of changes in the...

The sustainability parameters of electricity generation have been evaluated by the application of eight key indicators. Photovoltaics, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, natural gas, coal and nuclear power have been assessed according to their price, greenhouse gas emissions, efficiency, land use, water use, availability, limitations and social impa...

Ingestion of white snakeroot ( Ageratina altissima ) can cause trembles in livestock and milk sickness in humans. The toxicity has been associated with tremetol, a relatively crude, multicomponent lipophilic extract of the plant. In this study, 11 different compounds were isolated from white snakeroot-derived lipophilic extracts from 18 collections...

Rats were fed diets containing alkaloids (E+), minus alkaloids (E−), or pair‐fed (PF to E+). Groups were further divided into temperature treatments of thermoneutrality (TN; 21°C) or heat stress (HS; 33°C). Rats received diet treatments at TN for 1 week followed by 3 days HS or TN treatment. Feed intake and body weight were reduced by alkaloids, he...

Few studies have quantified the impact of dehydration on bovine thermal status during heat stress. Angus steers (n=8) in trial 1 were dehydrated and rehydrated over 6 days at thermoneutrality (TN; 19–21°C), with 4 month recovery. Trial 2 consisted of 5 days of cyclic heat stress (HS; 26–36°C) followed by water restriction and rehydration as in tria...

Pronuclear injection has been a successful strategy for generating genetically engineered mouse models to better understand the functionality of genes. A characteristic of pronuclear injection is that random integration of the transgene into the genome can disturb a functional gene and result in a phenotype unrelated to the transgene itself. In thi...

Mercury is among the most toxic trace metals, a potential neurotoxin which bioaccumulates in the aquatic biota and subsequently enters the food chain. While mercury emissions from coal fired power stations have been extensively studied, much less effort has been devoted to characterise emissions of mercury from ironmaking process, where contributio...

White snakeroot ( Ageratina altissima ) and rayless goldenrod ( Isocoma pluriflora ) can cause "trembles" and "milk sickness" in livestock and humans, respectively. Tremetol, a complex mixture of sterols and derivatives of methyl ketone benzofuran has been extracted from white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod and is reported to be the toxic substanc...

Acute and, particularly, chronic copper exposures, along with defects in hepatic copper metabolism, altered excretion of copper, and/or nutritional imbalances between copper and other trace elements, can lead to hepatic accumulation of copper and primary copper toxicosis. There is interspecies variation in susceptibility to copper toxicosis, with s...

To determine associations between age, sex, breed, and month and year of admission and the diagnosis of lead toxicosis in cattle. Retrospective case-control study. Sample Population-Records of all cattle evaluated at North American veterinary teaching hospitals during the years 1963 to 2002, which were available through the Veterinary Medical Datab...

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FESCUE TOXICOSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONSThermoregulatory TerminologyAnimal Models and Control System TerminologyApplication of Animal Models to Fescue ToxicosisShort-Term Responses: Bovine and Rodent ModelsLong-Term Responses: Bovine and Rodent ModelsUse of Bovine and Rodent Models to Evaluate New Approaches to Reduce the...

Intake of ergot alkaloids found in endophyte-infected tall fescue grass is associated with decreased feed intake and reduction in body weight gain. The liver is one of the target organs of fescue toxicosis with upregulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and downregulation of genes associated with antioxidant pathways. It was hypothesiz...

Endometrial periglandular fibrosis (EPF) contributes to embryonic and fetal loss in mares. Equine EPF correlates inversely with conception and successful gestation. In the modified Kenney endometrial biopsy classification system, EPF categories I, IIA, IIB, and III correspond to minimal, mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis (+/-inflammation), respec...

Lufenuron is a benzoylphenyl urea-derived insecticide that has been recently introduced as a novel treatment for fungal infections in horses. The purposes of this study were to determine (1) the in vitro efficacy of lufenuron against Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. and (2) the ability of lufenuron to reach efficacious blood concentrations after PO ad...

Response to 3-methylindole (3MI) varies among species. Mice recover from 3MI-induced bronchiolar epithelial injury but sustain persistent olfactory mucosal injury with scarring and epithelial metaplasia. In contrast, 3MI induces obliterative bronchiolitis in horses and ponies, but olfactory mucosal injury has not been reported. To evaluate the effe...

Within the placenta, a specialized Ca(2+) transport pathway develops in trophoblasts to promote growth of the fetus and hypothetically to enhance fetal uptake of Pb(2+). This hypothesis could not be tested until a method to monitor Pb(2+) influx by indo-1 fluorescence quench became available. We have applied this new method to cultured undifferenti...

Ergopeptine alkaloid exposure is common in pregnant mares. Many mares live in geographic areas where Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue is the dominant grass in pastures and hay. A variety of grasses and cereal grains can be infected by Claviceps purpurea, and fungal sclerotia can contaminate forage and especially ground and pelleted fe...

Endometrial periglandular fibrosis (EPF) has been proposed as a possible aetiology for equine embryonic and fetal loss. However, the pathophysiology of EPF is not well understood. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is found in macrophages, endothelium (during angiogenesis) and myofibroblasts at sites of fibrosis in the heart, kidneys, liver and sk...

To develop an objective, quantifiable assay for endometrial periglandular fibrosis (EPF) and correlate assay results with histologic and ultrastructural changes in equine endometrial biopsy specimens. Endometrial biopsy specimens from 70 mares from 3 to 27 years old in estrus. In a double-blinded study design, endometrial biopsy specimens were grad...