Till J. Winkler

• PhD, Dipl.-Inf.Wirt.
• Chair at University of Hagen

Background The integration of digital therapeutics (DTx) into the German statutory healthcare system marks a significant shift in medical practice through the introduction of innovative, reimbursable digital interventions for patient care. While DTx can bridge therapy gaps and enhance patient care, the number of prescriptions is increasing slowly....

ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence have garnered substantial media attention for their ability to generate text and code, presenting great potential for both personal and professional use. Less research has been conducted in the field of generative AI usage in small and medium enterprises, especially across different enterprise de...

The goal of this study is to explore evidence for a Matthew effect in system embeddedness. The secondary objective is to understand the relationship between the Matthew effect and (1) a “criticality trap,” a situation where excess inertia leaves an organization trapped in a system or (2) a “redundancy slip,” where low embeddedness leads to system d...

As low-code/no-code citizen development programs become more prevalent, aiming to upskill the workforce and enhance digital literacy, a new approach to collaboration between business units and IT units is essential. To explore the nature and architecture of these programs, we conducted a multi-case study involving 18 firms and interviewed 22 indivi...

As low-code/no-code citizen development programs become more prevalent, aiming to upskill the workforce and enhance digital literacy, a new approach to collaboration between business units and IT units is essential. To explore the nature and architecture of these programs, we conducted a multi-case study involving 18 firms and interviewed 22 indivi...

The rise of citizen developers utilizing Low Code/No Code (LC/NC) platforms marks a transformative shift in the software development landscape. As organizations face a shortage of skilled software developers, this study addresses the urgent need to leverage citizen developers – individuals without traditional technical backgrounds who can effective...

In the literature, quality and performance have primarily been analyzed at a micro level, particularly within individual service channels. This study aims to explore the meta-level differences between service channels in terms of quality relevance and performance in service organizations. Quality relevance was measured using meta-level quality fac...

In light of new digital opportunities, enterprises require modernization also with regard to intra-organizational business and IT management. Enterprise Service Management (ESM) is an organizational capability aimed at a more efficient and effective IT and business service management in organizations. Although ESM has been recognized as an approach...

Services in the public sector are often provided as a hybrid combination of both digital (e.g., online registration) and physical (e.g., offline appointment) service channels, which can be referred to as omnichannel services. There is a lack of instruments in the literature that can measure the perceived quality of public sector omnichannel service...

Low-code/no-code platforms are powerful tools that enable “citizen developers”employees with little or no IT background—to quickly create digital solutions. The success of citizen development requires addressing challenges like security, compliance and organizational change. Drawing on insights from 24 companies that have embarked on citizen-driven...

IT departments are finding it challenging to keep up with the fast-paced need for digital solutions due to a shortage of skilled software developers. As a response, many companies are adopting low-code and no-code approaches to cultivate and empower a new cohort of employees: the citizen developers. While the practice community has been discussing...

Mobile health apps, particularly personal health records (PHRs), play a vital role in healthcare digitalization. However, the varying governance approaches for providing PHR platforms have led to a growing debate on the adequate regulation of health technology with regard to their adoption. This article investigates how provider governance, whether...

Zusammenfassung Moderne Low-Code/No-Code-Plattformen transformieren die Art und Weise, wie Unternehmen digitale Lösungen entwickeln und Innovationen voranbringen. Durch den Fortschritt in Technologien wie Cloud-Computing, künstlicher Intelligenz und maschinellem Lernen ermöglichen diese Plattformen Fachbereichsmitarbeitern ohne umfassende IT-Kenntn...

Mentoring is considered a potential intervention to address current issues in the information technology (IT) field, such as skill shortages, and minority underrepresentation. Nevertheless, the occurrence of presumed positive outcomes in mentoring varies considerably. To increase effectiveness of mentoring in IT, our paper extends traditional dyadi...

This ongoing research investigates the underutilization of digital therapeutics (DTx) in Germany with a focus on the formation of physicians' prescription decision. Since 2019, the integration of DTx into the German healthcare system has been regulated by law, allowing physicians to prescribe these clinically evaluated software applications for imp...

File management is crucial for the viability of public sector authorities. The success of digital file management (DFM) is influenced by employees' IT adoption. There is a gap in research on employee perceptions of IT adoption in public sector authorities in the European Union (EU). For this reason, this study examines the adoption of the DFM syste...

Work systems are natural units of analysis for thinking about systems in organizational settings. Literature has not yet considered work systems from a quality perspective, whereby quality can be approached through various perspectives (e.g. user- or value-oriented perspective). This paper aims to combine work system theory with a context-independe...

This study explores the relationship between the governance of architecturally embedded applications and their longevity in organizational use. Using a contingency-fit logic, it posits that alignment between application governance (distribution of decision rights) and architectural contingencies contributes to sustained durations of organizational...

Zusammenfassung Die erfolgreiche digitale Transformation der öffentlichen Verwaltung erfordert gut vorbereitete Führungskräfte mit entsprechenden Kompetenzen. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, die im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche identifizierten Maßnahmen zur Entwicklung von Digital Leadership Kompetenzen im öffentlichen Sektor empirisch zu...

Although cloud computing is associated with organizational agility, anecdotal evidence points to resistance to cloud computing by employees in information technology (IT) units. We explored the links between software as a service (SaaS) and organizational agility by conducting two stages of interviews with key informants in large organizations, and...

In times of digital transformation, service has evolved to a key concept in the Information Systems research. With a service lens, we focus on Enterprise Service Management (ESM) as an innovative value proposition for organizations. In this paper we attempt to operationalize an organization’s ESM capability through a scale-based measure. Based on a...

Given the dispersed nature of the term Enterprise Service Management (ESM) across different research fields and the heterogeneous understanding of ESM even within single fields, the purpose of this literature review is to sharpen concept clarity of ESM for future research. We address the research question on how we can synthesize existing knowledge...

Explainability in artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for ensuring transparency, accountability, and risk mitigation, thereby addressing digital responsibility, social, ethical and ecological aspects of information system usage. AI will be regulated in the European Union (EU) through the AI Act. This regulation introduces requirements for expla...

Law enforcement and police service are, related to the proposed AI Act of the European Commission, part of the high-risk area of artificial intelligence (AI). As such, in the area of digital government and high-risk AI systems exists a particular responsibility for ensuring ethical and social aspects with AI usage. The AI Act also imposes explainab...

Effective leadership is crucial for developing and sustaining ambidex-terity, which involves engaging in both exploratory and exploitative activities. Empowering leadership behaviors, which foster trust and discipline to create engaged employees, have been identified as facilitators of contextual ambidexterity. However, there is still a lack of und...

The digital transformation of healthcare and the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated research and deployment of virtual patients (VP), that is, interactive computer simulations used in healthcare education to train students on clinical processes. To help researchers and practitioners understand the state of the art in VP development, we conducted a...

The emergence of low-code/no-code (LCNC) platform technologies and the resulting increase in citizen development programs are facilitating the democratization of the design, development, and deployment of digital solutions. Citizen developers, non-technical employees who leverage LCNC platforms, are at the heart of this trend. While many firms perc...

Technical professions and industries remain heavily male-dominated. To counteract this imbalance, measures are being taken, including mentoring programs for women. In this study, a literature review is conducted to answer the research question of how women's mentoring programs need to be designed in order to contribute to the reduction of the gende...

The digital transformation of the public sector is driven by the desire of citizens and businesses to use online services, but it also offers the potential for cost savings and more effective and efficient workflows. A key challenge in this transformation is the development of new digital leadership competencies. This paper examines the changing co...

While digital leadership competencies have been recognized as key to succeed with digital transformation, there is a lack of a common understanding about what constitutes such competencies specifically in the public sector-a sector that faces particular challenges with digitally transforming. This structured literature review adds to the existing b...

Companies that fail to be efficient and innovative today will be irrelevant tomorrow. Ambidexterity (i.e., simultaneously conducting two contradicting activities, such as exploitation and exploration) helps organizations overcome this challenge. This study is part of a larger research effort to explore the consequences of and interventions for ambi...

Driven by dynamic competitive conditions, companies' information technology (IT) functions adopt agile practices and build ambidextrous organizational structures, which, in turn, affect the work environment of individual IT employees. Based on the fundamental assumption of person-environment fit theory that people seek out environments which allow...

Digital identities (eID) are one of the crucial building blocks of a digital infrastructure. There are major differences between countries of the European Union when it comes to the success of digital identity infrastructure, yet, we lack insights into the conditions for successful digital identity infrastructure evolution (eID evolution success)....

Countries worldwide have employed various digital solutions to contain and cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this explorative case research, we examine national-level digital responses to the pandemic in four specific areas—tracking and tracing, health data reporting, teleconsultation, and vaccination mobilization—across five countries: China, De...

Although some countries have made reforms that integrate digital therapeutics into their health systems, most physicians still lack the competencies and experience needed for prescribing digital therapeutics. Virtual patients have received increasing attention in the education of medical professionals as a novel means for training diagnostic skills...

While the ongoing digital transformation is boosting the demand for digital solutions and digital skills, organizations worldwide experience a shortage of IT professionals and particularly software developers. At the same time, the increasing prevalence of low-code development platforms (LCDP) allows organizations to introduce citizen development...

Services are often provided as hybrids containing digital (e.g., online-registration) and physical (e.g., on-site appointment) service components. We lack appropriate instruments that could measure the quality of hybrid services across different types of organizations. Building on prior literature in service quality measurement, we develop and vali...

Gender has increasingly been considered as moderating variable in studies of technology acceptance, while the results have been inconsistent. We seek to contribute a piece to this puzzle by testing in the context of an urban sensing app a technology acceptance model that includes perceived privacy risks as an antecedent and gender as a moderator. B...

The information technology (IT) budget of a firm is one of the key financial ratios in information systems (IS) management and a persistent issue of discussion on corporate boards. Yet, many firms determine their IT budgets by relying on simplistic industry benchmarks. With the goal of understanding what structural organization characteristics infl...

Strategy tools are widely used to inform the complex and unstructured decision-making of firms. Although software has evolved to support strategy analysis, such digital strategy tools still require heavy manual work especially on the data input and processing levels, making their use time-intensive, costly, and susceptible to biases. This design re...

Bimodality of the information technology (IT) function is one answer to the changed expectations towards and perceptions of IT’s role within an organization. Bimodal IT aims at leveraging ambidextrous capabilities, allowing to engage in explorative and exploitative activities at the same time. Research interest of this phenomenon is growing, but th...

While mobile health (mHealth) apps play an increasingly important role in digitalized health care, little is known regarding the effects of specific mHealth app features on user satisfaction across different healthcare system contexts. Using personal health record (PHR) apps as an example, this study identifies how potential users in Germany and De...

Packaged software applications such as electronic health records (EHRs) incorporate certain norms that are likely to make them an imperfect fit outside the context of their origin. This teaching case deals with the Danish Health Platform, one of the largest implementations of the EHR system Epic outside the US and a case of unabated public debate....

While providers of information technology (IT) services widely rely on reference models for IT service management (ITSM) practices, little is known about the actual configurations of these practices, referring to the patterns in which service providers adopt these practices at different maturity stages. We analyze how practice configurations reflec...

For blended learning (i.e., teaching modes that combine online and traditional classroom-based teaching) to be effective, it is of utmost importance that learners regularly follow asynchronously provided online content so that they appear adequately prepared to the face-to-face classes. This research tests whether certain “nudges”, implemented as i...

The fundamental changes associated with digitalization demand businesses and public enterprises to balance exploitative and explorative capabilities in their internal IT function. One approach to balance these paradoxical demands is the adoption of twofold organizational structures often referred to as bimodal IT. While the IS literature has made r...

Information technology service management (ITSM) has become the prevalent management approach to the provision of IT services worldwide. Researchers and practitioners, however, still lack an understanding regarding through which mechanisms and in which strategic contexts an ITSM capability contributes most to information systems (IS) effectiveness....

The decision rights construct deserves increasing attention in the Information Systems (IS) field, yet integrative knowledge is sparse. This review first establishes two key distinctions from managerial theory regarding decision rights classes (decision input, control, and management) and manifestations (formal versus practiced) and then analyzes t...

To move into the digital age, a globally operating company needs to have in place an operational backbone, but many struggle with achieving this and the associated transformation program. Based on the experience of UPM, a Finnish forest industry company, we describe an industrialized transformation approach that is underpinned by five principles—te...

To guide future research in cloud computing, this JMIS Special Section Introduction presents a framework for research, the Transformative Impact of Cloud Computing (TICC) framework. The TICC framework delineates IT value from transformative value and describes three key mechanisms through which cloud computing capabilities, individually and in comb...

While cloud computing is becoming a mainstream IT sourcing option, especially large companies struggle with the internal governance of cloud and the issue of shadow IT. This study takes a technological frames perspective to contrast the knowledge and expectations that business versus IT stakeholders have regarding cloud IT. Our interview data from...

Although DevOps has been heralded as a novel paradigm to overcome the traditional boundaries between IT Development (Dev) and IT Operations (Ops) teams, many IT organizations lack guidance on how to implement this paradigm in practice. This design research provides a framework that can aid organizations assess not only their status in fulfilling re...

The growing proliferation of cloud platform ecosystems demands a deeper understanding of the capabilities that help existing and emerging platform providers to be successful by creating and appropriating value. This multiple case study of four cloud platform providers (three large, one SME) instantiates Rai and Tang's (2014) framework of dyadic IT...

Despite the undoubted importance of IT-enabled transformations for sustaining firm competitiveness, we are only at the beginning of understanding the conflicts and resolution strategies in IT transformation program planning and execution. Given the well-known global versus local tensions, practitioners might be tempted to balance the different extr...

This teaching case is based on a presentation given by Torben Fabrin at CBS in 2013 and publicly available material. It is intended to serve as the basis for class discussion. All views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the positions of, and should not be attributed to, Arla Foods.

Similar to other Western healthcare systems, the U.S. has sought to build a national infrastructure to enable widespread electronic health information exchange (HIE). The 2009 U.S. HITECH Act׳s State HIE Cooperative Agreement Program (SHIECAP) was a short-term catalyst for bottom-up HIE initiatives by states and regional health information organiza...

Facing the ongoing IT consumerization trend, organizations take different strategies that permit or regulate the acquisition and use of consumer-originated IT devices at the workplace. This paper investigates the effect of two types of IT consumerization strategies (‘laissez-faire’ and ‘middle ground’) on the policy-related attitudes of employees a...

This design research builds on the idea to combine the strengths of traditional survey research with a more practice-oriented benchmarking approach. We present selfsurvey.org, an online survey platform that allows providing instant and respondent-specific feedback based on a scientifically grounded research model and a structural equation model-bas...

This paper conceptualizes IT service management (ITSM) capability, a key competence of today's IT provider organizations, and presents a survey instrument to facilitate the measurement of an ITSM capability for research and practice. Based on the review of four existing ITSM maturity models (CMMI-SVC, COBIT 4.1, SPICE, ITIL v3), we first develop a...

"Cloud services provide high cost advantages" is one of several often-quoted assertions (called mantras in this article) about payoffs from cloud computing. These mantras, however, have their origins in the experiences of small and mid-size companies, but, as the case of Bayer HealthCare's cloud-based CRM rollout program shows, may not always be tr...

The exchange of patient health information across different organizations involved in healthcare delivery has potential benefits for a wide range of stakeholders. However, many governments in Europe and in the U.S. have, despite both top-down and bottom-up initiatives, experienced major barriers in achieving sustainable models for implementing heal...

This study addresses a major gap in our knowledge about the allocation of information technology (IT) decision rights between business and IT units at the application level, including the governance of applications delivered on-premise versus those delivered with a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. Building on the findings from a multicase qualit...

The ongoing consumerization of information technology (IT) demands to rethink the traditional paradigms of media use at the workplace. Past research has focused on the use of company IT resources for personal purposes (e.g., 'cyberloafing') and primarily emphasized the adverse effects. This study takes a wider perspective and includes the use of pe...

Involving citizens in public affairs through the use of participatory sensing applications is an emerging theme in Pervasive Computing and mobile E-Government (M-Government). Prior work, however, suggests that local governments place more emphasis on internal than on external M-Government projects. This paper takes an action design research perspec...

Information Technology (IT) plays a fundamental role in the global economy. Our continuous analysis of firm-level data helps decision makers to better understand IT use in companies and its business applications. This article reports on the findings from the 2011 Business and Information Technology (BIT) project in Germany which surveyed 220 compan...

Diese kumulative Dissertation leistet einen Erklärungsbeitrag zu der Frage der theoretischen Beziehung zwischen der Informationstechnologie-(IT-)Governance und der Adoption von IT-basierten Innovationen auf Organisationsebene. IT-Governance kann in diesem Zusammenhang als der Ort der Verantwortungshoheit für IT-Entscheidungen verstanden werden. Ado...

Während auf Seiten der Supply-IT in den vergangenen Jahren eine zunehmende Professionalisierung und Industrialisierung stattgefunden hat, wurde die Rolle der Demand-seitigen IT bei der innerbetrieblichen Gestaltung von IT-Organisationen häufig vernachlässigt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, zunächst den Auf-gabenbereich der Demand-IT abzugrenzen und zu def...

This study addresses the theoretically neglected role of information system (IS) specificity for application governance, by referring to the allocation of applicationrelated decision authority and task responsibility between business and IT units. Based on the premise of organizational and technical 'embedding', and employing a transaction cost the...

Defining the allocation of decision rights for enterprise applications is a crucial issue in IT governance and organization design. Today, emerging delivery models such as Software as a Service (SaaS) defy the notion of the internal IT department as the focal point of centralized governance. Recognizing the importance of this issue, we find that th...

Urban sensing describes the use of today's mobile devices to collectively gather information about environmental issues of public interest. Such information and communication technology (ICT) tools can enhance current e-government practices by enabling citizens to actively participate in urban decision making and service delivery. Yet, it is widely...

Using mobile services for e-government opens a new way of interaction between governments, citizens and businesses as well as within the public administration. However, governments face different drivers and inhibitors in their adoption behaviour. In this paper we investigate the question why public sector organizations differ in their adoption of...

For some business applications, using Software as a Service SaaS) is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is largely unknown how SaaS adoption affects the arrangements between business and IT departments. In this study, we take a contingency approach to investigate how firms allocate authority for SaaS applications. Based on semi-structured i...

The application of wireless technologies in urban areas is at the beginning of a transformation. While municipalities worldwide have invested in deploying wireless access infrastructures, the services which build up on these and add value for individuals and organizations are still at their early stage. Especially for European municipalities there...

In today's Internet economy, new business models emerge to respond to business opportunities that one organization alone can not exploit. Virtual organizations (VOs) are a prominent example for such models currently investigated in, e.g., collaborative engineering and aggregated services provisioning. The partner selection process is a problem that...