Thorvald Hærem

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at BI Norwegian Business School

The concept of a warm person has played a key role in western social psychological research, particularly in how people perceive others. Williams and Bargh (2008; Study 1) found that individuals holding a cup of warm beverage perceived the individuals they faced as psychologically warmer than those who held a cup of cold beverage. In this article,...

If you are trying to persuade someone, expressing your opinion with certainty intuitively seems like a good strategy to maximize your influence. However, Karmarkar and Tormala (2010) found that the effectiveness of this tactic depends on expertise. In three experiments, Karmarkar and Tormala found support for an incongruity hypothesis, whereby non-...

Emotions integral to a task are often adaptive, particularly in situations where outcomes and probabilities are not known. However, decisions are also influenced by emotions that arise from situations unrelated to the task. This is especially the case with negative emotions like fear and anger, which also tend to be accompanied by ruminative thinki...

The impact of intuitive and analytic cognitive styles on task performance is a much‐debated subject in the scientific discourse on decision‐making. In the literature on decision‐making under time pressure, intuition has been regarded as a fast and frugal tool. At the same time, the heuristics and biases tradition sees intuition as a source of error...

In two preregistered online studies (NTotal = 984; Prolific), we examined how individual differences in fear and self-distancing predict information processing in decision-making involving risk in a business scenario. Dispositional fear was positively related to urgent and affective intuitive processing and negatively related to analytical processi...

Purpose: We draw on arousal-based models to develop and test a model of open-office noise and information processing. Specifically, we examined whether open-office noise changes how people process information and whether such a change has consequences for task performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In a laboratory experiment, we randomly assign...

Purpose: We draw on arousal-based models to develop and test a model of open-office noise and information processing. Specifically, we examined whether open-office noise changes how people process information and whether such a change has consequences for task performance.Design/Methodology/Approach: In a laboratory experiment, we randomly assigned...

There is an increasing interest in how to organize operations carried out by multiteam systems (MTS). Large MTS typically operate with a dedicated integration team, responsible for coordinating the operation. We report a study of a military multiteam system that prosecute time-sensitive targets. We asked whether and how the integration team’s effic...

We use pattern mining tools from computer science to engage a classic problem in organizational theory: the relation between routinization and task performance. We develop and operationalize new measures of two key characteristics of organizational routines: repertoire and routinization. Repertoire refers to the number of recognizable patterns in a...

In this chapter, we show how different conceptualizations of routine complexity can produce different insights into the study of the dynamics of routines. Based on a selective review of the literature, we identify three different approaches to routine complexity that has been applied in empirical research: that is, complexity as (a) a perceptual ch...

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the extant research on social psychological aspects of civil-military inter-organizational collaboration, particularly in a total defense context. Design/methodology/approach A systematic scoping studies review was performed. Peer-reviewed articles were searched in PsycInfo and Sociological Abstract...

In this chapter, we show how different conceptualizations of routine complexity can produce different insights into the study of the dynamics of routines. Based on a selective review of the literature, we identify three different approaches to routine complexity that has been applied in empirical research: that is, complexity as (a) a perceptual ch...

Using a routine dynamics perspective, the authors address a central question in a practice-driven institutional theory: where does change come from? In particular, the authors focus on the possibility that small variations in routines can accumulate into big changes in institutions. The analysis is limited strictly to endogenous change. The authors...

This paper uses a simulation to build new theory about complexity and phase change in processes that are supported by digital technologies. We know that digitized processes can drift (change incrementally over time). We simulate this phenomenon by incrementally adding and removing edges from a network that represents the process. The simulation dem...

Research results on the relation among communication media, performance processes and outcomes have been mixed. This paper reports an initial exploratory study examining these factors by looking at adaptive team processes. We empirically examine this topic using military teams in simulated settings. In order to gain operational momentum in modern w...

Shared situation awareness (SSA) is critical for counterterrorism teams. We examined whether a rich media condition (co-located face to face) and a lean media condition (distributed email) differentially influence SSA at levels 1, 2, and 3 and team performance, in 24 co-located and 27 distributed teams. SSA at level 2—knowing who the terrorist is a...

The present study on insight is based on an integration of Kaplan and Simon’s (1990) information processing theory of insight, a cognitive style theory, and achievement motivation theory. The style theory is the Assimilator (rule oriented, familiarity seeking)–Explorer (novelty seeking, explorative) styles (Kaufmann, 1979). Our hypothesis is that t...

Background. Organization design is a subject that is covered in business school courses such as strategy implementation, organizational theory, and organizational behaviour. However, students sometimes perceive organization design concepts as abstract. Aim. To develop and pilot a simulation that may improve participants’ understanding of two key or...

In this article we address three critical issues within the transactive memory systems literature: first, the extent to which virtual teams can leverage transactive memory systems for performance; second, the extent to which integration and differentiation affect team performance; and third, study the impact of task dependencies, together with know...

In this paper, we ask how monitoring behaviors relates to team performance. Previously, monitoring behaviors has demonstrated both positive and negative effects to team performance. We proposed that the positive effect of monitoring behaviors on team performance will be through the development of shared task mental models accuracy. This was tested...

Organizational communication theory, e.g. media richness theory and media synchronicity theory, suggest that co-located, versus distributed media, positively influences how teams develop shared understanding, such as team situation awareness, and through this team performance. However, less is known as to what aspects of team situation awareness ac...

Elite sport organizations invest considerable efforts in continuous evaluation of training and development. A key challenge is to promote athletes’′ reliable learning. This requires critical reflection. In this paper we look at how highly successful elite cross-country skiers reflect on their training. The theoretical framework of organizational mi...

In recent years, organizational routines have been studied in a wide variety of settings, including law, medicine, accounting, and engineering. This fieldwork has led to a broader understanding of organizational routines as repetitive, recognizable patterns of interdependent action, carried out by multiple actors. Routines are seen as practices tha...

Despite the importance of managing risk taking in organizations, we know relatively little about how organizational design influences the risk-related perceptions of key organizational decision makers such as senior managers. This study examines how two basic organizational design variables—the extent to which organizations use cross-functional tea...

We report on a simple method for detecting changes in repetitive patterns of action. The method involves computing the correlation of action networks before and after a focal date that is moved through an event log that represents the history of a process. Unlike process mining methods that focus on identifying an accurate model of a process at one...

In this study we explore the influence of contextualization, media richness, and overconfidence on performance. We hypothesize that more overconfidence will lead to less contextualization, even when one has support for contextualization through rich media. We also hypothesize that the effect of media on performance is mediated by contextualization...

How media condition influences mutual knowledge has been a topic of much theoretical discussion. In this article we examined empirically, whether the influence of media richness on accuracy in understanding other team members’ information depend on perceptions of mutual understanding. We explored this research question by performing an experiment i...

This article re-examines the assumptions of current theory to update and extend the concept of task complexity to tasks that include multiple actors at any level of analysis. Tasks can be modeled as networks of required actions and information cues carried out or processed by particular actors. Counting pathways in the task network provides an inde...

Denne artikkelen tar opp problemet med at organisasjoner ofte utvikler en rigiditet i handlingsmønstre med en tilhørende manglende evne til å endre seg. Vi kaller dette en innlåsingseffekt. Ettersom informasjonssystemer tar over og støtter flere og flere arbeidsprosesser, blir den vanlige brukeren mer fremmedgjort i forhold til å ha innflytelse på...

Similar to practices in top management positions worldwide, there has been an increasing tendency in recent decades to fire football managers when the team does not perform to the stakeholders' expectations. Previous research has suggested that improvements after change of manager are a statistical artefact. Based on 12 years of data from the Norwe...

Four experiments were conducted to explore the robustness of risky choice framing among military decision makers. In the first experiment the original version of the Asian disease problem was administered. In contrast to Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) original findings, military decision makers were not influenced by the gain and loss framing. They...

This paper uses data on invoice processing in four organizations to distinguish empirically between two competing theories of organizational routines. One theory predicts that routines should generate patterns of action that are few in number and stable over time, and that atypical patterns of action are driven primarily by exceptional inputs. The...

This paper uses data on invoice processing in four organizations to distinguish empirically between two competing theories of organizational routines. One theory predicts that routines should generate patterns of action that are few in number and stable over time, and that atypical patterns of action are driven primarily by exceptional inputs. The...

This paper demonstrates that patterns of action are a fruitful basis for an empirical science of organizational routines by analyzing data from the invoice processing routines in four Norwegian organizations. Invoice processing is a highly institutionalized activity, governed by accounting rules and subject to audit. These four organizations use th...

As more and more companies are deploying, or plan to deploy, information systems, the organizational capabilities to effectively deploy information technologies to support and shape businesses become increasingly important. While many studies have focused ...

Organizations often under-utilize expensive information technology (IT) enabled work processes that automate routines or processes that were previously carried out manually. One reason for this phenomenon may lie in the types of decisions made by technological gatekeepers, who are key individuals charged with deploying new technologies in organizat...

Empirical studies of organizational routines are often limited because performances are distributed in time and space, and therefore difficult to observe. Workflow management systems provide an opportunity to collect data about a large number of complete performances at relatively low cost. In this paper, we analyze data from a workflow management...

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical understanding of indirect leadership in a severely stressful peacekeeping context, focusing on the perspective of subordinates. Peacekeeping missions in recent decades have led to increased exposure to acute danger. Design/methodology/approach – Retrospective in-depth interviews wer...

Research on expertise has shown that nonexperts may sometimes outperform experts. Some researchers have suggested that superior performance by experts depends on the match between the experts' cognition and the demands of the task. The authors explored this issue using a quasi-experiment set in an organization. They examined how 3 sets of similar t...

In environments that demand a high degree of flexibility together with rapid and accurate decision-making, network centric command structures have been promoted as “the” organizational solution to meet these demands. Network centric command structures, arguably, enhance the situation awareness and the understanding of the situation. However, our re...

Command of military operations requires leaders and teams who are able to make decisions and respond in an appropriate, timely manner even in highly uncertain situations. The degree of situational uncertainty has continued to increase as military requirements have evolved in response to changing conditions around the world and advances in informati...