About
330
Publications
93,448
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
15,465
Citations
Introduction
Find out about my laboratory's research at:
https://kwapillab.weebly.com/
or at Twitter:
@KwapilLab
Current institution
Additional affiliations
August 1997 - present
August 1986 - July 1997
Publications
Publications (330)
This article introduces and reviews the history of the construct of schizotypy for the special section appearing in the journal. Schizotypy offers a useful construct for understanding the etiology, development, and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology and a unifying construct for linking a broad continuum of clinical and subclinical...
Positive and negative schizotypy exhibit differential patterns of impairment in social relations, affect, and functioning in daily life. However, studies have not examined the association of schizotypy with real-world expression of psychotic-like, paranoid, and negative symptoms. The present study employed experience-sampling methodology (ESM) to a...
The present study examined the factor structure underlying the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales and the validity of these dimensions.
Confirmatory factor analysis with 6137 nonclinical young adults supported a 2-factor model with positive and negative schizotypy
dimensions. As predicted, the schizotypy dimensions were differentially related to psychopat...
Current clinical and epidemiological research provides support for a continuum of bipolar psychopathology: a bipolar spectrum that ranges from subthreshold characteristics to clinical disorders. The present research examined risk for bipolar spectrum psychopathology at a 3-year follow-up assessment in a nonclinically ascertained sample of 112 young...
Background and Hypothesis
Although the psychometric high-risk method based on schizotypy has proven to be a highly cost-effective strategy for unraveling etiological factors for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies with nonclinical populations. This study analyzed the predictive validity of positive and negat...
Background and Hypothesis
Consistent with diathesis-stress models, psychosis research has focused on genetic moderation of adverse environmental exposures. In contrast, the Differential Susceptibility (DS) model suggests that the same genetic variants that increase risk-inducing effects of adverse experiences also enhance beneficial effects from po...
Background and Hypothesis
Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsive...
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is composed of positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Historically, disorganized schizotypy, which involves disruptions in thoughts, speech, behavior, and affect, has been relatively understudied and less clearly operationalized than the other dimensions. The present study employed experienc...
Stress‐sensitivity (SS) is considered a psychobiological trait possibly resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors (GxE). This study examined whether the interaction of SS‐related genetic markers with interview‐based dimensions of childhood adversity predicted longitudinal trajectories of low versus high SS. Participants we...
Childhood maltreatment is a transdiagnostic risk factor for developing psychopathology in general (Hogg et al., 2023; McLaughlin et al., 2020), and, in particular, psychosis. Children who witness traumatic events are more prone to psychosis (Stanton et al., 2020) and meta-analyses show staggering rates of childhood adversity (86%) in those at clini...
Pathological ambivalence, which refers to the simultaneous experience of opposing and contradictory thoughts or emotions, is a relatively understudied construct despite its integral role in early formulations of schizophrenia and schizotypy. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) was developed to measure this synchronic ambivalence characteristic...
Background and Hypothesis
Schizotypy is a useful and unifying construct for examining the etiology, development, and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. The positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions are associated with distinct patterns of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms and impairment. Furthermore, they are diffe...
The present study examined three empirically-derived childhood adversity dimensions as predictors of social, psychological, and symptom outcomes across three prospective assessments of a young adult sample. Participants were assessed five times over eight years with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The analyses used the dimensions und...
Anhedonia is a lack or loss of pleasure in daily life and is common across many mental health disorders (i.e., transdiagnostic). This is the first systematic review to investigate: 1) How is anhedonia conceptualized and explicitly measured using experience sampling methodology (ESM) in psychiatry and mental health?; 2) What is the experience of anh...
Traumatic experiences are associated with increased experiences of positive schizotypy. This may be especially important for People of Color, who experience higher rates of trauma and racial discrimination. No study to date has examined how racial disparities in traumatic experiences may impact schizotypy. Furthermore, of the studies that have exam...
Background: Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that represents the phenotypic expression of vulnerability to psychotic disorders. Strong evidence supports the existence of positive, negative and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy. While various measures to evaluate schizotypy exist, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief (MSS-B) sta...
Background: According to the dimensional view of mental disorders, schizophrenia can be conceived as the extreme expression of a continuum of traits that are present in the general population. However, although many attempts have been made to identify the shared genetic background between these traits and the disorder itself, the general lack of si...
Background: Stress is an important psychosocial risk factor which can be perceived differently depending on subjective and objective perception of the experience. Objective stress is characterized through the experiencing of external events (stressors) which require adaptation due to the increase in demands on an individual. Subjective stress, alte...
Background Most people at elevated risk for a mental disorder will never develop it. This has led to the investigation of plausible protective mechanisms in these individuals that would help them remain healthy despite their genetic burden. Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia resilience was developed capturing the pro...
Individual differences in executive functions (or executive control abilities) predict variation in creative thinking ability. Relatedly, propensity for mind-wandering—or task unrelated thought—has been gaining attention among creativity scholars, but its effects on creativity remain unclear. The present study conceptually replicates and extends re...
Introduction
Childhood adversity is associated with the severity of multiple dimensions of psychosis, but the mechanisms underpinning the close link between the two constructs is unclear. Mentalization may underlie this relationship, as impaired mentalizing is found in various stages of the psychosis continuum. Nonetheless, the differential roles o...
This chapter provides a brief review of the history, conceptualization, and assessment of schizotypy, with recommendations for future study. Schizotypy is defined as the phenotypic manifestation of an underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology that is expressed across a broad range from subclinical expressions to the prodro...
Current developmental psychopathology models indicate that schizophrenia can be understood as the most extreme expression of a multidimensional continuum of symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. In nondisordered adults, schizotypy predicts risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. Schizophrenia is associated with disr...
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder with a highly polygenic inheritance. It can be conceived as the extreme expression of a continuum of traits that are present in the general population often broadly referred to as schizotypy. However, it is still poorly understood how these traits overlap genetically with the disorder. We investigated whethe...
Background: Investigating different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity and how they relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology is relevant to advance research on mechanistic processes and to inform intervention efforts. To our knowledge, previous studies have not used questionnaire and interview measures of childhood adversity to exa...
Schizotypy has become an increasingly important construct for elaborating psychotic disorders that vary along the schizophrenic spectrum. However, different schizotypy inventories vary in conceptual approach and measurement. In addition, commonly used schizotypy scales have been seen as qualitatively different from screening instruments for prodrom...
The quantity and quality of social contacts have been related to self-esteem, and both social relationships and self-esteem have been implicated in the pathways to paranoia. However, how social relationships interplay with self-esteem to trigger paranoia is not well understood. This study aims to investigate whether different measures of social con...
Schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology appears best understood as being expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. This brief report describes a comprehensive replication study examining the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with interview ratings of impa...
Schizotypy and schizophrenia are associated with disruptions in the experience of affect. Temporal patterns of affect, or affective dynamics, offer unique information about the expression of multidimensional schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. The present study employed experience sampling methodology to examine affective intensity, inertia, va...
Background and hypothesis
Around 20% of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis later develop a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict who this will be. We assessed the incidence of hearing speech (termed speech illusions [SIs]) in noise in CHR participants and examined whether this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes...
The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The present study examined associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy...
Ambivalence has a longstanding history in schizophrenia-spectrum and borderline personality psychopathology, although it has been largely overlooked in current psychopathology research. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) provides a brief, psychometrically sound questionnaire for assessing ambivalence characteristic of the schizotypy spectrum....
Ambivalence has a prominent role in the historical formulations of schizotypy and schizophrenia, as well as borderline personality disorder. However, it has been overlooked by our current diagnostic nomenclature. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) is a 19-item self-report scale developed to examine ambivalence relevant to schizotypy and schizo...
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) first appeared in the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic nosology in 1980, although its roots stretch back more than 100 years under labels such as borderline, ambulatory, and latent schizophrenia. SPD is unique in that it is conceptualized both as stable personality pathology and also as a milder man...
Background and Hypothesis
Influential models of psychosis indicate that the impact of putative causal factors on positive symptoms might be explained partly through affective disturbances. We aimed to investigate whether pathways from stress and self-esteem to positive symptoms, as well as reversal pathways from symptoms to stress and self-esteem,...
This study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) across different levels of the schizotypy continuum. A combined sample of high-schizotypy, at-risk mental states, and patients with first-episode psychosis was assessed for depression and other clinical and functional outco...
Mind-wandering assessment relies heavily on the thought probe technique as a reliable and valid method to assess momentary task-unrelated thought (TUT), but there is little guidance available to help researchers decide how many probes to include within a task. Too few probes may lead to unreliable measurement, but too many probes might artificially...
Background
The Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) assesses bipolar spectrum psychopathology and risk for bipolar disorders. Despite the developers' intent to create a scale that provides a unitary score, several studies have examined whether the HPS has a multidimensional structure. These models have been unable to identify a replicable multidimensi...
The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Models of pathological personality provide useful frameworks for assessing t...
The 20-item Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) is a widely used measure of individual differences in self-focused attention and private self-consciousness. In the present research, we examined the validity of a 12-item short form of the SRIS, which was recently developed based on item response theory models. Measures related to mental health...
Leading theoretical models of psychosis implicate a wide range of psychological factors in the development of positive symptoms. Ambulatory assessment allows us to repeatedly assess people's mental experiences within and across days to explore putative moment-to-moment prospective relationships that impact the onset and exacerbation of positive sym...
Self-report scales are popular tools for measuring anhedonic experiences and motivational deficits, but how well do they reflect clinically significant anhedonia? Seventy-eight adults participated in face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews: 22 showed clinically significant anhedonia, and 18 met criteria for depression. Analyses of effect size...
The assessment of schizotypy and schizophrenia‐spectrum psychopathology has historically been adversely impacted by multiple forms of measurement bias, including racial bias. The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) was developed using modern scale construction methods to minimize measurement bias in the assessment of schizotypic traits. However...
Introduction
Diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression are common in subjects at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis (UHR) and associated with extensive functional impairment. Less is known about the impact of affective comorbidities on the prospective course of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS).
Method
Latent class mixed modelling identified APS traject...
Mind wandering assessment relies heavily on the thought probe technique as a reliable and valid method to assess momentary task-unrelated thought (TUT), but there is little guidance available to help researchers decide how many probes to include within a task. Too few probes may lead to unreliable measurement, but too many probes might artificially...
The vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment known as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Openness to experience offers a useful personality domain for exploring multidimensional schi...
Bipolar disorders are increasingly understood as part of a spectrum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment. Upwards of 50% of patients with bipolar disorders experience psychotic symptoms as part of their mood episodes. However, studies largely have not examined the extent to which people with subclinical bipolar spectrum psychopatholo...
The 20-item Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) is a widely used measure of individual differences in self-focused attention and private self-consciousness. In the present research, we examined the validity of a 12-item short form of the SRIS, which was recently developed based on item response theory models. Measures related to mental health...
Self-report scales are popular tools for measuring anhedonic experiences and motivational deficits, but how well do they reflect clinically significant anhedonia? Seventy-eight adults participated in face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews: 22 showed clinically significant anhedonia, and 18 met criteria for depression. Analyses of effect size...
The present study examined the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions assessed by the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale with 5 interview-rated personality disorder diagnoses and traits in 151 young adults. As hypothesized, all 3 schizotypy dimensions were associated with impaired functioning. Positive schizotypy...
Expressed emotion (EE) and self-esteem (SE) have been implicated in the onset and development of paranoia and positive symptoms of psychosis. However, the impact of EE on patients’ SE and ultimately on symptoms in the early stages of psychosis is still not fully understood. The main objectives of this study were to examine whether: (1) patients’ SE...
Background: Research suggests dissociation and insecure attachment serve as explanatory mechanisms in the pathway from childhood trauma to paranoia. However, past work has not examined these mechanisms concurrently in nonclinical populations.
Objective: The current study sought to examine dissociation and insecure attachment as parallel mediators o...
Background : Self-concepts are being intensively investigated in relation to paranoia, but research has shown some contradictory findings. Studying subclinical phenomena in a non-clinical population should allow for a clearer understanding given that clinical confounding factors are avoided. We explored self-esteem, self-schemas, and implicit/expli...
Introduction: Although sleep disturbances are well documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), significantly less research has examined whether these disturbances are present in those at risk for developing BSDs or with subsyndromal symptoms. The present study examined associations between risk for BSDs, as measured by the Hypomanic Personalit...
Research on effort and motivation commonly assesses how the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the cardiovascular system. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), assessed via impedance cardiography, is a common outcome, but assessing PEP requires identifying subtle points on cardiac waveforms. The present research examined th...
This manual provides information on the development and use of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS; Kwapil, Gross, Silvia, Raulin, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2018) and the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief Edition (MSS-B, Gross, Kwapil, Raulin, Silvia, & Barrantes-Vidal, 2018). Note that complete information about the scales and their developm...
Affective dysregulation is present in those with subsyndromal symptoms of hypomania and mania and prospectively predicts the development of bipolar spectrum disorders. A crucial, understudied area related to the experience and regulation of emotion in this population is emotional awareness – emotional clarity (Clarity) and attention to emotion (Att...
Affective dysregulation is present in those with subsyndromal symptoms of hypomania and mania and prospectively predicts the development of bipolar spectrum disorders. A crucial, understudied area related to the experience and regulation of emotion in this population is emotional awareness – emotional clarity (Clarity) and attention to emotion (Att...
The present study assessed the construct validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). Specifically, it assessed the associations of the MSS positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy subscales with interview-rated symptoms and impairment in 177 young adults. As hypothesized, the MSS positive schizotypy subscale was associated with...
Introduction: Although sleep disturbances are well documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), significantly less research has examined whether these disturbances are present in those at risk for developing BSDs or with subsyndromal symptoms. The present study examined associations between risk for BSDs, as measured by the Hypomanic Personalit...
This was the first study to our knowledge to examine whether dispositional scales of affect intensity and affective lability map on to corresponding momentary affective dynamics. Specifically, we assessed whether the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM) and Affective Lability Scale (ALS) are differentially associated with mean, variability, and instabili...
In the large literature on creativity and mental illness, relatively few studies have explored anhedonia—impairments in anticipating, seeking, and experiencing rewards. This project explored self‐reported creativity in a sample of adults who differed in depressive anhedonia, determined via face‐to‐face structured clinical interviews. Participants c...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has extensive ties to motivation, including impaired response time (RT) performance. Average RT, however, conflates response speed and variability, so RT differences can be complex. Because recent studies have shown inconsistent effects of MDD on RT variability, the present research sought to unpack RT performance wi...
Background
No studies have examined the association between self‐esteem and paranoia developmentally across the critical stages of psychosis emergence. The present study fills this gap and extends previous research by examining how different dimensions, measures, and types of self‐esteem relate to daily‐life paranoia across at‐risk mental states fo...
The present study employed structured diagnostic interviews to assess the construct validity of the brief version of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS-B), which was developed to assess positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy. It was hypothesized that the MSS-B subscales would be associated with differential patterns o...
Numerous studies have implicated involvement of the hippocampus in the etiology and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, and reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most robust brain abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. Recent studies indicate that early stages of schizophrenia are specifically characterized by reductions in a...
In the large literature on creativity and mental illness, relatively few studies have explored anhedonia—impairments in anticipating, seeking, and experiencing rewards. This project explored self-reported creativity in a sample of adults who differed in depressive anhedonia, determined via face-to-face structured clinical interviews. Participants c...
Mechanisms underlying the manifestation of relatives’ expressed emotion (EE) in the early stages of psychosis are still not properly understood. The present study aimed to examine whether relatives’ psychological distress and subjective appraisals of the illness predicted EE dimensions over-and-above patients’ poor clinical and functional status. B...
This was the first study to our knowledge to examine whether dispositional scales of affect intensity and affective lability map on to corresponding momentary affective dynamics. Specifically, we assessed whether the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM) and Affective Lability Scale (ALS) are differentially associated with mean, variability, and instabili...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has extensive ties to motivation, including impaired response time (RT) performance. Average RT, however, conflates response speed and variability, so RT differences can be complex. Because recent studies have shown inconsistent effects of MDD on RT variability, the present research sought to unpack RT performance wi...
The worst performance rule (WPR) is a robust empirical finding reflecting that people’s worst task performance shows numerically stronger correlations with cognitive ability than their average or best performance. However, recent meta-analytic work has proposed this be renamed the “not-best performance” rule because mean and worst performance seem...
Background
Daily-life stressors, specially of a social nature, seem to play an important role in the origin and expression of the continuum of psychosis vulnerability. This study examined whether social stress and social positive appraisals in daily-life were associated, respectively, with the occurrence and the decrease of momentary psychotic-like...
Background
The traumagenic neurodevelopment model of psychosis poses that prolonged or severe stress exposure in critical developmental periods (i.e., childhood) disrupts psychobiological stress regulation mechanisms, increasing liability for the onset and persistence of psychotic symptoms after re-exposure to stressful events (Read et al., 2014)....
Background
As theorized by Abraham Maslow, a fundamental need of all humans is to seek a sense of belonging through meaningful social relationships. This universal process drives social identification, the incorporation of these important relationships into one’s own identity. Over the past several decades, social identity has been implicated in va...
Background
Research in both clinical and early psychosis samples is increasingly indicating that insecure attachment styles impact on psychosis symptom expression. Moreover, empirical support has been found for the assumption that specific types of insecure attachment predispose individuals to develop different symptom profiles. This study aimed to...
Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar spectrum psychopathology and may confer risk for poor outcomes or progression along the bipolar spectrum. However, previous research on bipolar psychopathology has primarily concentrated on characterizing distinct mood episodes and failed to characterize microlevel dynamics of the experience of emo...
The present study examined the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with psychotic-like experiences, affect, and social functioning in daily life using experience sampling methodology (ESM) in 2 samples (ns = 165 and 203) that employed different measures of schizotypy. Schizotypy is a useful framework for understanding sc...
Individuals at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders tend to make atypical attributions of significance to unimportant stimuli. This experience of heightened significance, known as aberrant salience, is thought to contribute to psychotic symptoms. The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was designed to capture subclinical and clinical manifestati...
We previously reported that fearful attachment mediated associations of childhood maltreatment with subclinical psychotic phenomena. At an eight-year follow-up, we aimed to replicate and extend this finding by examining the mediating role of disorganized attachment. Participants were 169 young adults who completed baseline and eight-year follow-up...
Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar spectrum psychopathology and may confer risk for poor outcomes or progression along the bipolar spectrum. However, previous research on bipolar psychopathology has primarily concentrated on characterizing distinct mood episodes and failed to characterize micro-level dynamics of the experience of em...
Background
There is limited research on the interaction of both positive and negative daily-life environments with stress-related genetic variants on psychotic experiences (PEs) and negative affect (NA) across the extended psychosis phenotype. This study examined whether the FK506 binding protein 51 ( FKBP5 ) variability moderates the association o...
The worst performance rule (WPR) is a robust empirical finding reflecting that people’s worst task performance shows stronger relations to cognitive ability compared to their average or best performance. However, recent meta-analytic work has proposed this be renamed the “not-best-performance” rule because mean and worst performance seem to predict...
Schizotypy refers to traits or symptoms similar to schizophrenia, but in a diminished form, and schizotypy is thought to reflect a liability for the future development of schizophrenia. The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) is a new measure of schizotypy that improves on existing measures. The MSS contains full and brief subscales for positiv...
Current models of schizophrenia suggest that it is the most severe expression of a broad range of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. This chapter reviews the predictive validity of schizotypy for schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology in nonclinical and genetic and clinical high-risk participants, as well as...
The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment known as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Models of normal personality provide useful frameworks for examining the multidime...
Expressed emotion (EE) is an aspect of the family environment that influences the course of multiple forms of psychopathology. However, there is limited research about how EE dimensions [i.e., criticism and emotional over-involvement (EOI)] are expressed in real-world settings. The present study used experience sampling methodology to investigate:...
A common reaction experienced by family members of patients with psychosis is grief for the loss of their healthy relative. Importantly, high levels of perceived loss have been related to the manifestation of high expressed emotion (EE), which includes the negative attitudes expressed by relatives toward an ill family member. However, the mechanism...
Introduction:
Altered emotion dynamics may represent a transdiagnostic risk factor for mood psychopathology. The present study examined whether altered emotion dynamics were associated with bipolar and depressive psychopathology concurrently and at a three-year follow-up.
Methods:
At baseline (n = 138), participants completed diagnostic intervie...
Introduction: Altered emotion dynamics may represent a transdiagnostic risk factor for mood psychopathology. The present study examined whether altered emotion dynamics were associated with bipolar and depressive psychopathology concurrently and at a three-year follow-up. Methods: At baseline (n=138), participants completed diagnostic interviews, q...
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct conceptualized as the expression of the underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia. Certain traits of positive schizotypy, such as odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences, suspiciousness, and referential thinking show associations with aberrant salience. Positive schizotypy may involve hyper-attributio...
We report the first study to examine the association of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with relational memory. Relational memory refers to memory for relations among multiple elements of an experience, and this form of episodic memory is different from memory for individual elements themselves. Using a cornerstone task from the neu...
The present study examined the extent to which positive and negative schizotypy are associated with impairment in recognition memory in 3 large samples of nonclinically ascertained adults (total n = 826). Schizophrenia is associated with a wide array of cognitive deficits, but the study of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is confounded by gene...
Past research indicates that a history of depression and exposure to abuse and neglect represent some of the most robust predictors of depression in emerging adults. However, studies rarely test the additive or interactive risk associated with these distinct risk factors. In response, the present study explored how these three risk factors (prior d...
Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairment and this impairment is expected to occur, albeit to a lesser degree, in people putatively at risk for schizophrenia. Two experiments assessed the relationship between directed forgetting (DF) and schizotypy, which is a multidimensional construct that reflects the expression of the underlying vu...
