Thomas Karbowiak

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Institut Agro Dijon

Poly(lactic acid) or PLA is currently considered as one of the most promising substitutes of conventional plastics, with low environmental impact, especially for food packaging applications. Nevertheless, some drawbacks, such as high permeability to oxygen, are still limiting its industrial applications. The objective of this study was to highly in...

Active films are produced by a grafting reaction based on the reactivity between chitosan amino groups and lignin hydroxyl groups. This opens a new route for the valorization of lignin, with the possibility of tuning the anti-oxidant activity.

This study investigates the evolution of the oxygen barrier properties of the bottleneck/stopper system under conditions simulating the conservation of wine in the bottle (presence of model wine, storage position, temperature) over a long aging period of 24 months. The results highlighted that the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the stopper alone i...

Environmental issues related to the use of plastic packaging have sparked a growing interest in the development of more sustainable solutions. Biopolymers, used alone or in combina-tion with other materials, have been considered a potential alternative to conventional fos-sil-based plastics. Hence, this study aimed at unraveling the potentiality of...

Une étude approfondie a été menée pour évaluer le transfert d'oxygène à travers différentes cires et résines, seules, ou utilisées en combinaison avec des bouchons à base de liège. Les travaux ont permis de répondre à une question cruciale que se posent de nombreux vignerons et consommateurs : l'application de cire de surbouchage joue-t-elle un rôl...

Bacterial adhesion in the gut is critical to evaluate their effectiveness as probiotics. Understanding the bacterial adhesion within the complex gut environment is challenging. This study explores the adhesion mechanisms and the adhesion potential of five selected bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli , Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , Faecalibacteri...

In the recent years, various strains of the gut microbiota have been discovered to possess significant therapeutic potential, they are defined as next‐generation probiotics (NGPs). Akkermansia , Faecalibacterium , Bacteriodes , Eubacterium, and Bifidobacteria are among the typical NGP strains which exhibit several interesting bioactivities as live...

This study involved producing aerogels using activated carbon (AC) and nanocellulose (NC). Two distinct structured composites, AC composite aerogel (ACCA) and NC composite aerogel (NCCA), were developed by separately mixing AC and NC with identical proportions of cross-linked biopolymers: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC),...

Archaeological findings indicate that waxes and resins have been used for millennia as sealants to preserve bottled wine. Their use is largely linked to the belief that they limit the exposure of wine to oxygen. However, despite this historical use, the exact role of waxes and resins in limiting oxygen transfer has rarely been studied and even less...

This study aimed to investigate the behavior of smart bilayer films under various temperature and relative humidity (RH). Smart bilayer films were fabricated using sodium alginate with incorporated butterfly pea anthocyanin and agar containing catechin–lysozyme. Cellulose nanospheres were added at concentrations of 0% and 10% w/w of the film and su...

Recent research has promoted considerable interest in the potential health benefits of the new generation of probiotics. Despite the abundance of probiotic supplements, their adhesion and thereby colonization in the intestinal tract of the host, a determining factor of probiotic efficacy, remains questionable. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract, a...

This research aimed to produce eco-friendly straws using soy protein isolate (SPI) and cassava starch (CS) at different ratios by the extrusion technique and by coating with beeswax and shellac wax. Three straw formulations (F) (F1: 24.39% SPI–24.39% CS; F2: 19.51% SPI–29.37% CS; and F3: 14.63% SPI–34.15% CS) were prepared, incorporating glycerol (...

A study of changes in oxygen transfer through micro-agglomerated corks was carried out over 24 months under controlled storage conditions (Chanut et al., 2023a). This work demonstrated that the glass/cork interface can represent a major entry route for oxygen into wine bottles. It also showed that there is no difference in oxygen transfer at 20°C b...

While conventional plastics are practical and offer numerous advantages in our daily lives, their use has fostered a throwaway culture that highlights the negative aspects of these materials. Currently, the packaging sector alone contributes to about 50 % of the total annual plastic production (equivalent to 146 million tons). This results in more...

This study aimed to characterize the effect of molecular weight (MW) and mannuronic/guluronic acids ratio (M/ G) on the functional properties of four different alginate types, considering both the aqueous film-forming solutions (rheological and interfacial properties) and the self-standing films (mechanical and barrier properties). Regarding the fi...

This article aims to quantify and differentiate in-situ iron(II) and/or iron(III) in heterogeneous polygalacturonate hydrogels using the 1H NMR relaxometry technique. This holds significant importance, for example, in addressing iron-deficiency anemia through the oral administration of iron(II) supplements. The NMR dispersion profiles of the gels e...

The present invention relates to a molecularly imprinted polymer for detecting at least one compound selected from among aldehydes and ketones, in particular those produced during the degradation of a food product or a cosmetic composition, present in the environment, or medical or biological target molecules. The invention also relates to a method...

Wine made or stored in clayware ceramic pots attracts the attention of consumers, but this practice is less studied than when classic stainless steel tanks or wood barrels are used. It is known that wine can be influenced by the container in which it is aged. To analyse the influence of ceramics on the chemical composition of wine, Armenian clay-ba...

This study evaluated the postharvest quality and antioxidant metabolism of ‘Paluma’ guavas treated with a xyloglucan-based coating containing an antioxidant extract from cashew apple coproduct (1%, v/v) (XCE) during ripening for 14 days at 25 °C. It was observed that XCE promoted lower levels of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and lower activi...

Karst aquifers are an important water resource worldwide particularly exposed to anthropogenic pollution, including antibiotic-resistance. The release of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens in the environment is a major public health challenge worldwide. In this One Health study, we aimed to determine the effect of karst on antibiotic-resistan...

Smart packaging can provide real-time information about changes in food quality and impart a protective effect to the food product by using active agents. This study aimed to develop a smart bilayer film (alginate/agar) with a cellulose nanosphere (CNs) from corncob. The bilayer films were prepared using 1.5% (w/w) sodium alginate with 0.25%% (w/v)...

This study investigates the surface and interfacial properties of the different components of a system composed of an agglomerated cork stopper in a glass bottleneck. Each constituting element has carefully been examined to unveil its underlying complexity. First, there was no effect of supercritical CO2 pretreatment or particle size on the surface...

Diffusions in gels are of prime importance, but their measurements are mainly focused on the diffusion in the pores or through the mesh of the gels. In this study, we performed a deeper dynamic analysis of the water in close interaction with the fibers structuring two heterogeneous polygalacturonate hydrogels formed by Ca and Zn ions (crosslinking...

Molecularly imprinted silica (MIS) electrode coatings have recently returned to the center of scientific research because of their advantages over organic imprinted polymers in electrochemical analysis. An easy-to-control and well-studied sol–gel process that uses “green solvents”, rigid structure and electrochemical inertness of the resulting mate...

The human intestinal system is a complex of various anaerobes including extremely oxygen-sensitive (EOS) bacteria, some of which have been credited with significant health benefits. Among these, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which is one of the most abundant anaerobic bacterial strains in the human intestinal tract, has been proved to be a promisin...

Cellulose nanospheres (CN) have been considered a leading type of nanomaterial that can be applied as a strengthening material in the production of nanocomposites. This work aimed to isolate and characterize the properties of CN from different agricultural by-products. CNs were successfully isolated from rice straw, corncob, Phulae pineapple leaf a...

This study aimed to develop intelligent gelatin films incorporated with sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) heartwood extracts (SE) and characterize their properties. The intelligent gelatin film was prepared through a casting method from gelatin (3%, w/v), glycerol (25% w/w, based on gelatin weight), and SE at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.7...

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), often referred to as “artificial” or “plastic” antibodies, are synthetic alternatives to natural receptors. Based on the “key-and-lock” principle, a template is imprinted into a polymer, which is then able to selectively bind to a target molecule. Over the past 50 years, MIPs have continued to attract attentio...

Cellulose is an abundant component of the plant biomass in agricultural waste valorization that may be exploited to mitigate the excessive use of synthetic non-biodegradable materials. This work aimed to investigate the cellulose utilized by alkaline extraction with a prior bleaching process from rice straw, corncob, Phulae pineapple leaves, and Ph...

NMR relaxometry is a powerful analytical method that can easily be applied to wine. Proton spin–lattice nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles of wines have revealed a signature dominated by paramagnetic manganese relaxation. However, manganese is a relatively scarce element in wine. With this study focusing on model wines, we analyse the...

Chitosan is a biopolymer known for its rapid biodegradability and film-forming properties. This research aimed to synthesize and characterize chitosan films loaded with cashew leaf extract (CLE) obtained from immature and mature cashew leaves via aqueous and 70% ethanolic extraction methods. Freeze-dried CLE samples were dissolved in 50% dimethyl s...

Knowledge of the surface tension of cork and its hydrophobicity is of critical importance in many applications of this material at the interface with solid or liquid phases. The conventional technique based on contact angle measurement by sessile drop is not adapted to this naturally textured material and does not allow to accurately determine its...

À partir d’une étude de cas sur des bouteilles de vin blanc vieillies en cave, une approche multidisciplinaire intégrant analyses sensorielles, œnologiques et métabolomiques du vin ainsi qu’étude des transferts d’oxygène a mis en lumière l’importance de l’interface verre / bouchon (Karbowiak et al., 2019). Le transfert d’oxygène au niveau de cette...

The diffusion of CO2 through macro- and micro-agglomerated cork stoppers for sparkling wine was studied by a manometric technique. The effective diffusion coefficients for each part of the stopper (cork body, cork disc and adhesives) were determined for the first time. The results show that a small particle size along with a high adhesive content a...

A fast manometric method has been designed for determining the oxygen transfer rate through cork stoppers. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to measure the effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen through a thin cork wafer in a few days, whereas months are required in the case of a full-length cork stopper. A calculation method has also bee...

A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the critical role played by the interface between the stopper and the bottleneck on oxygen penetration into the bottle, as well as the effect of surface treatment of the stopper. First, the compression of micro-agglomerated cork, at close to 40% (similar to that of a cork stopper in a still wine...

In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape, using the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time. With the evolution of imaging techniques, the structure of cork has been analysed with greater accuracy over time. This work presents the latest advances in the characterizat...

Proton relaxation in model and real wines is investigated for the first time by fast field cycling NMR relaxometry. The relaxation mechanism unambiguously originates form proton interaction with paramagnetic ions naturally present in wines. Profiles of a white Chardonnay wine from Burgundy, a red Medoc, and model wines are well reproduced by Solomo...

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an alternative biomaterial that can be used to produce bioplastics to replace petroleum-based food packaging. Active films were developed from acetylated cassava TPS and green tea using the blown extrusion process. Green tea (GT) and TPS from native starch (NS) and acetylated starch (AS) with different degrees of subst...

The sporadic oxidation of white wines remains an open question, making wine shelf life a subjective debate. Through a multidisciplinary synoptic approach performed as a remarkable case study on aged bottles of white wine, this work unraveled a yet unexplored route for uncontrolled oxidation. By combining sensory evaluation, chemical and metabolomic...

In order to improve the quality of food and to extend their shelf life, a new generation of active edible films is being especially intended after the incorporation of organic acids, enzymes, antimicrobial proteins, phenolic compounds, or other functional ingredients such as probiotics, flavors, vitamins and nutraceuticals. These active compounds h...

The mechanics of agglomerated cork is a key issue for application to sparkling wine stoppers. Industrial samples were produced by varying the chemical nature of polyurethane adhesives (aliphatic and aromatic), the adhesive concentration and the size of the cork particles (macro and microagglomerated). Uniaxial compression and traction were performe...

About the course Open Wine University is the viticulture and wine university open to all. Created in 2015 by the University of Burgundy, the MOOC OWU1 was a pioneer in the field of viticulture and wine. Today, this MOOC returns with the version OWU2, including new content and activities, all fully available in four languages: French, English, Spani...

This study investigates the effect of Maillard reactions (MR) on the physico-chemical and biological properties of fish gelatin based edible films. Glucose was incorporated in gelatin film forming solutions at different glucose/lysine molar ratios: 0.5/1.0, 1.0/1.0 and 5.0/1.0. The MR was then induced by heating films at 90 °C for 24 h in dry condi...

Background: Gas transfer, and especially oxygen, through wine closures has been studied since the 90's. It started with the problem of premature oxidation in wine. To that purpose, different techniques, issued from food packaging and wine analysis, have been developed to measure gas permeation through wine stoppers. Scope and approach: The objectiv...

The alveolar structure of cork confers to this natural material specific physical properties such as low permeability to liquids and gases, advanced thermal and acoustic insulation, and high elasticity. In this paper, a morphological analysis of natural cork cells is presented including statistical distributions of structural quantities. These resu...

An innovative method has been developed to observe yeasts at the surface of cork using two-photon microscopy and to investigate if a removable crown cap substitution by a two-disc cork stopper may affect the bottle fermentation during sparkling wine processing. While much of the Champagne wine industry is using crown seals for tirage and aging, som...

11 12 13 This work lies in the frame of the collaborative Franco-Thai ActiFoodCoat 14 project. Four selected cases studied within this partnership between French and Thai 15 research groups will be presented. All of them are based on the valorization of natural 16 products in order to produce active packaging as films or coatings, containing either...

Nowadays, a new generation of edible films is being especially designed for incorporating antimicrobials, antioxidants, enzymes or functional ingredients. Edible films made from natural biopolymers become the focus of many research works as an alternative to synthetic food packaging due to their edibility, biodegradability and compostability as wel...

The bioconversion of fish by-products through the development of biodegradable films offers the possibility to their valorization and, on the other side, to decrease the use of synthetic packaging, responsible for several ecological problems due to their non-biodegradability. Thus, in the present study, blend films (Bl-F) and bilayer films (Bi-F) b...

The alveolar structure of cork confers to this natural material specific physical properties such as low permeability to liquids and gases, thermal and acoustic insulation, high elasticity. These properties make this material particularly interesting for sealing wine. We focused in this study on the compression properties of cork along the radial a...

In the present study, cuttlefish skin gelatin (CSG) and protein isolate (CSPI) blend films were prepared and their physicochemical and antioxidant properties were characterized. CSG (4%, w/v) was blended with CSPI (3%, w/v) at different ratios and 15% of glycerol (w/w, plasticizer/polymer dry matter). Results showed that increasing of CSPI content...

This work investigated the sorption and the diffusion properties of CO2 under high pressure and the further modifications induced in Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) thin layers. Poly (ethylene terephtalate) (PET) was also considered for comparative purposes. Firstly, from thermodynamic equilibrium, the CO2 sorption isotherm (two sorption-desorption cycles...

This work investigated the impact of two homogenization treatments, High Shear (HS) and High Pressure (HP), on the structure and antioxidant activity of chitosan-lignin bio-composite films. Laser light scattering analysis revealed that smaller lignin particles were obtained after HP processing, around 0.6 µm, compared to HS treatment, between 2.5 a...

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most traded biodegradable and biobased material. It is largely used as eco-friendly substitute of conventional plastics. Nevertheless, one of the main limiting factors is its water sensitivity. PLA reacts with water and it is hydrolysed during time, compromising its performances. Limited information related to the hy...

Various types of food are now commercialized in packaging materials based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) due to its eco-friendly nature. However, one of the main limitations related to PLA is its reactivity with water. For food applications, it is of critical importance to better understand the hydrolysis of PLA driven by water molecules either in liq...

Water-mediated modifications in chitosan films were investigated from both molecular mobility and structure perspectives. Chitosan films, prepared by the solvent casting method in acetic acid medium, were exposed to relative humidity ranging from 11% to 92% at 25 °C. This work reveals that chitosan film exhibits a different structure below and abov...

Composite films based on chitosan and lignin biopolymers were investigated for their mechanical, barrier, surface and antioxidant properties and linked to an extensive microscopic analysis of their external and internal structure. In particular, the fluorescence properties of lignins were exploited, using two-photon microscopy, to achieve a 3D repr...

The transfer of oxygen through a corked bottleneck was investigated using a manometric technique. First, the effect of cork compression on oxygen transfer was evaluated without considering the glass/cork interface. No significant effect of cork compression (at 23% strain, corresponding to the compression level of cork in a bottleneck for still wine...

The plasticizing effect of 4 model volatile compounds (n-hexane, toluene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene), able to be sorbed on polystyrene (PS) was studied. A large weight fraction range was investigated (up to 0.35) using differential scanning calorimetry. Mathematical modeling, using Fox, Kelly-Bueche, Chow and Gordon-Taylor models, was performed to...

Chitosan and lignin are waste biomacromolecules from industry that could be valorized for active packaging applications based on lignin antioxidant property and chitosan film forming ability. However, the compatibility between these two biopolymers is not well understood and the resulting structure may directly impact the film properties. The aim o...

Data related to the comparison of the mechanical properties of the different stoppers used in the wine industry are scarce. This study aims at comparing the effect of hydration (from 0 to 100 % relative humidity at 25 °C) on the mechanical properties of four widely used types of stoppers: natural corks, agglomerated corks, technical stoppers and sy...

We report a new interpretation of our diffusion measurements of oxygen through cork considering that the transfer is governed by the Knudsen diffusion in plasmodesmatas as suggested by O. Teodoro. We proposed a model of diffusion similar to that one developed by this author, which describes well our experimental results. However it cannot explain w...

Among natural biopolymers, polysaccharides and proteins are very promising for biodegradable and edible wraps with different characteristics, so that their formulations can be tailor-made to suit the needs of a specific commodity. Films prepared from polysaccharides have good gas barrier properties but exhibit lower resistance to moisture compared...

Wheat gluten is an inexpensive protein derived from mill industries with good film forming properties, which allows producing semipermeable membranes able to slow down water migration in foods.The first objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of a lipid phase (25 wt%, dry basis) in wheat gluten on the functional pro...

Different types of PLA films treated by corona are currently available in the market for coating or printing applications. However, data relative to its impact on PLA film properties are scarce and do not generally consider industrial scale production. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of corona treatment on the surface, structur...

This work dealt with the study of the release kinetics of quercetin incorporated into chitosan-gelatin edible films after electron beam irradiation. The aim was to determine the influence of irradiation dose (at 40 and 60kGy) on the retention of quercetin in the films, their release in a hydroalcoholic medium (30% ethanol v/v) at 25°C. Irradiation...

Chitosan and fish gelatin were used to formulate active biobased films containing an antioxidant (coumarin). After drying, the films were irradiated at 40 and 60 kGy using an electron beam accelerator. The effect of irradiation on the film properties as well as the coumarin release mechanism were investigated and compared with the control. Electron...

Cork shows an active role in the sorption of volatile phenols from wine. The sorption properties of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol phenols in hydro-alcoholic medium placed in contact with suberin extracted from cork were especially investigated. To that purpose, suberin was immersed in model wine solutions containing several concentrations of ea...

Marine industry by-products, chitosan and fish gelatin, entrapping natural antioxidants (ferulic acid, quercetin and tyrosol) were used to prepare edible active films by casting. The films were composed of chitosan and fish gelatin (1:1 w:w) and incorporating antioxidants (∼50 mg/g). After solvent evaporation (drying), the films were irradiated at...

Significance The composition of 170-y-old champagne samples found in a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea constitutes a remarkable and unprecedented example of long-term combinatorial chemistry, which can occur in such sealed 750-mL microlaboratories. Multiple analytical tools, including metabolomics, metallomics, and sensory analysis, were combined to ch...

Cork is known to exhibit low permeability to liquids and gases, imputrescibility and good mechanical properties, with a remarkable elasticity. These properties make this material particularly interesting for sealing wine. We focused in this study on the compression properties of cork along the radial and tangential direction at 25 °C under atmosphe...

The objective of this work was to better display the effect of electron beam accelerator doses (0, 20, 40 and 60 kGy) on structural, mechanical and barrier properties of edible lightly plasticized chitosan-fish gelatin blend film. From Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), signal at 3500 G for blend film was identified as free radical formation during irr...

The objective of this work was to display the effect of electron beam accelerator doses on properties of plasticized fish gelatin film. Electron spin resonance indicates free radical formation during irradiation, which might induce intermolecular cross-linking. Tensile strength for gelatin film significantly increases after irradiation (improved by...

This work deals with the study of the release kinetics of antioxidants (ferulic acid and tyrosol) incorporated into chitosan-gelatin edible films after irradiation processes. The aim was to determine the influence of electron beam irradiation (at 60 kGy) on the retention of antioxidants in the film, their release in water (pH=7) at 25 °C, in relati...

Le présent article traite du potentiel des biopolymères bio-sourcés pour des applications en emballage. Parmi les biopolymères issus de l'agro-industrie, les protéines et les polyosides sont les plus étudiés pour les applications d'emballage alimentaire, par exemple comme films biodégradables, comestibles ou actifs, ou encore comme matériaux d'emba...