Thomas Heinze- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Wuppertal
Thomas Heinze
- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Wuppertal
About
99
Publications
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1,589
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Introduction
Current institution
Additional affiliations
April 2011 - present
April 2008 - March 2011
April 2007 - March 2008
Publications
Publications (99)
This paper examines the shift in global scientific leadership from Germany to the United States using data on Nobel Prize nominations in Physics and Chemistry from 1901 to 1969. Building on the theoretical frameworks of Ben-David and Hollingsworth, we explore how nomination patterns reflect global shifts in scientific hegemony. In the early 20th ce...
We investigate the selection of subject fields in Germany’s “excellence initiative,” a two-phase funding scheme administered by the German Research Foundation (DFG) from 2005 to 2017 to increase international competitiveness of scientific research at German universities. While most empirical studies have examined the “excellence initiative’s” effec...
Despite being a well-known concept in neo-institutional organization theory, isomorphism (or structural similarity) has been conceptualized and empirically examined by very few studies only. This paper examines isomorphism quantitatively in German higher education, using the Relative Specialization Index (RESP). Drawing on a comprehensive data set...
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag vergleicht zwei Großforschungseinrichtungen, die als Einrichtungen der Teilchenphysik gegründet wurden, aber ihre ursprüngliche Forschungsmission und ihre Großgeräte vollständig auf die multidisziplinäre Photonenforschung umorientierten. Trotz einiger Gemeinsamkeiten unterscheiden sich beide Zentren sehr deutlich im Hinb...
Das Buch untersucht, wie die organisationale Gestaltung von Forschungseinrichtungen ihre inhaltliche und methodische Ausrichtung beeinflusst und wie sich Disziplinen und Forschungsfelder im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt und an neue institutionelle Kontexte angepasst haben. Die präsentierten historischen Fallgeschichten werden mithilfe eines gemeinsamen...
Der Beitrag diskutiert den Zusammenhang von Organisationsform, institutionellem Kontext und der konkreten Forschungstätigkeit außeruniversitärer Forschungseinrichtungen im 20. Jahrhundert. Hierzu bezieht er sich auf Erkenntnisse der fünfzehn Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes. Es werden die zentralen Forschungsfragen vorgestellt, entlang derer die Be...
We investigate the selection of subject fields in Germany's "excellence initiative," a two-phase funding scheme administered by the German Research Foundation (DFG) from 2005 to 2017 to increase international competitiveness of scientific research at German universities. While most empirical studies have examined the "excellence initiative's" effec...
This paper presents a classification of teaching and research fields at universities that allows an unbiased calculation of disciplinary profiles using heat maps. This new classification and the disciplinary profiles derived from it are based on the Activity Index (AI), which can be converted by an appropriate transformation into an index with symm...
Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die kulturelle Innovationstätigkeit staatlicher deutscher Theater am Beispiel des bevölkerungsreichsten Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW). Während bisherige Diagnosen, einschließlich die sozialstrukturell geprägte Publikumsforschung, die Nachfrageseite in den Mittelpunkt stellen und dabei vor...
This paper argues that stratified structures in university systems should be addressed more explicitly in debates on research funding. The paper connects findings from several streams of literature on US-American research universities: (a) the relationship of organizational status and scientific quality, (b) positional competitions among elite univ...
This paper argues that stratified structures in university systems should be addressed more explicitly in debates on research funding. The paper connects findings from several streams of literature on US-American research universities: (a) the relationship of organizational status and scientific quality, (b) positional competitions among elite univ...
There are size-leveling indexes used to demonstrate profiling of entities in different fields, such as the Activity Index (AI) or the Index of Relative Specialization (RESP). Concentrating on the RESP, we consider German state universities as entities and their academic disciplines as fields. While it is common to illustrate several RESP values con...
This paper examines the distribution of Nobel laureates in Physiology/Medicine, Physics, and Chemistry across countries and research organizations. We provide basic information about where future laureates received their education and/or conducted their research, then present heat maps depicting country and organizational specialization patterns. I...
This paper presents a two-dimensional graphical mapping for institutional profiles of higher education entities
(such as colleges and universities) in research, teaching, technology transfer, or internationalization. For the sake
of simplicity, our illustrations focus on research profiles only. The new graphs embrace both the organizational
fiel...
This paper examines the distribution of Nobel laureates in Physiology/Medicine, Physics, and Chemistry across
countries and research organizations. We provide basic information about where future laureates received their
education and/or conducted their research, then present heatmaps depicting country and organizational
specialization patterns....
Scientific and/or technical breakthroughs require the exploration of novel ideas and technologies. Yet, it has not been studied quantitatively how national institutional contexts either facilitate or stifle organizational support for exploration. Available qualitative evidence suggests that institutional contexts that exert weak control over univer...
This paper argues that quantitative science studies should frame their data and analyses with middle-range sociological theories and concepts. We illustrate this argument with reference to the “sociology of professions,” a middle-range theoretical framework developed by Chicago sociologist Andrew Abbott. Using this framework, we counter the claim t...
Profilbildung in Forschung und Lehr
angebot ist ein wichtiges Thema für
Entscheidungs träger in Hochschul
management und Hochschulpolitik.
Die Website fachprofile.uni-wuppertal.de
bietet erstmals umfassende Informationen
zu Forschungs- und Lehrprofilen an staat-
lichen Volluniversitäten in Deutschland. Die
syste matische Langzeitbetrachtung...
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213916.].
Based on the entire population of Nobel laureates in science from 1901 to 2017, we show that North America’s rise as global power in science started in the 1920s. Following a transition period (1940s to 1960s), its scientific hegemony was consolidated in the 1970s. Yet since the 2000s, North America’s global leadership in science has come under pre...
Master–apprentice relations in Chemistry (Europe).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates in Chemistry (Europe). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Master–apprentice relations in Physics (North America).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates Physics (North America). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Master–apprentice relations in Physiology or Medicine (Europe).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine (Europe). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Master–apprentice relations across disciplines.
Absolute frequencies of master–apprentice relations across the three disciplines. The final period of 2000–2017 is weighted and thus comparable to earlier 10-year periods. Relative frequencies (moving averages) are shown in Fig 3.
(DOCX)
Master–apprentice relations in Chemistry (North America).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates in Chemistry (North America). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Master–apprentice relations in Physiology or Medicine (North America).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine (North America). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Nobel laureates across world regions.
Absolute frequencies of Nobel laureates across the three world regions. The final period of 2000–2017 is weighted and thus comparable to earlier 10-year periods. Relative frequencies (moving averages) are shown in Fig 1.
(DOCX)
Master–apprentice relations in Physics (Europe).
Master–apprentice relations among Nobel laureates in Physics (Europe). Underlined names are from other regions.
(EPS)
Distribution of Nobel laureates across universities and research organizations.
The distribution of Nobel laureates across universities and research organizations for the three career events (HD, PWR, NP), 1901–2017. Y-axis shows the number of Nobel laureates, and x-axis shows the number of universities and research organizations with at least one...
Types of master–apprentice relations.
Four categories of master–apprentice relations and relevant examples from the Nobel Foundation’s website.
(DOCX)
Nobel laureate mobility to (and from) North America.
Observed and expected frequencies of laureate mobility. Mobility includes moves from HD to PWR and/or from PWR to NP. Mobility to (and from) North America includes scientists from Europe and Asia-Pacific. Expected frequencies are based on random sampling. The final period of 2000–2017 is weighted...
OLS regression results (North America).
OLS regression results (pooled) for 5-year time windows beginning in 1901. Thus, the models cover 22 time periods. Parentheses show standard errors. Data from S2 and S4 Tables are used.
(DOCX)
Newcomer organizations across world regions.
Absolute frequencies of organizations hosting Nobel laureates for the first time (“newcomers”). The final period of 2000–2017 is weighted and thus comparable to earlier 10-year periods. Relative frequencies (moving averages) are shown in Fig 4.
(DOCX)
Der Aufsatz untersucht vor dem Hintergrund der strukturellen Beharrung des deutschen Universitätssystems die Funktion des Wissenschaftsrates (WR) im föderalen Gefüge der Bundesrepublik, seine interne Arbeitsweise sowie die Umsetzung der von ihm formulierten hochschul- und wissenschaftspolitischen Reformvorschläge. Mithilfe umfangreicher Archiv- sow...
The use of bibliometric measures in the evaluation of research has increased considerably based on expertise from the growing research field of evaluative citation analysis (ECA). However, mounting criticism of such metrics suggests that the professionalization of bibliometric expertise remains contested. This paper investigates why impact metrics,...
Network evolution in JIF-related follow-up research, 1972–2016.
The file shows the development of the inter-organizational citation network in JIF follow-up research based on moving 5-year citation windows. Data source: Web of Science.
(GIF)
Network evolution in HI-related follow-up research, 2005–2016.
The file shows the development of the inter-organizational citation network in HI follow-up research based on moving 5-year citation windows. Data source: Web of Science.
(GIF)
Network evolution in total (JIF and HI) follow-up research, 1972–2016.
The file shows the development of the inter-organizational citation network in total (JIF and HI) follow-up research based on moving 5-year citation windows. Data source: Web of Science.
(GIF)
HI-related follow-up inventions.
S2 Table includes 95 HI-related follow-up inventions and the original HI publication (Hirsch 2005). Compilation based on handbooks and review literature (Section 3.2). Citation frequency in Web of Science core collection from publication year until 12/31/2016, including articles, reviews, letters, notes, and proceed...
JIF-related follow-up inventions.
S1 Table includes 74 JIF-related follow-up inventions and the original JIF publication (Garfield 1972). Compilation based on handbooks and review literature (Section 3.2). Citation frequency in Web of Science core collection from publication year until 12/31/2016, including articles, reviews, letters, notes, and pr...
This article examines the most recent history of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, with particular emphasis on how this laboratory shifted its research program from accelerator-based particle physics towards astroparticle physics, cosmology and multi-disciplinary photon science. Photon science became the central experimental research progra...
In recent years, the use of quantitative metrics in research evaluation has grown considerably. This article recasts the emergence of evaluative bibliometrics as an academic research field and quantitative research assessment as a field of professional experts in the Netherlands by focusing on one
expert organization that has shaped both: the Centr...
This article chronicles the most recent history of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) located in Hamburg, Germany, with particular emphasis on how this national laboratory founded for accelerator-based particle physics shifted its research program toward multi-disciplinary photon science. Synchrotron radiation became DESY’s central experim...
This article examines the recent history of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) and its puzzling institutional stability despite sweeping societal transformations in its political and economic environments in the post-socialist era. The article shows that PAS has undergone mainly gradual changes that have not yet been transformative. Most importan...
The chapter examines the capabilities of universities to rapidly build up and expand their research capacities in new and emerging scientific fields following major scientific contributions. Based on two Nobel Prize-winning breakthroughs of the 1980s, the chapter investigates how fast scientists in German and US state universities built up research...
Innovations in science include not only the generation of new ideas, theories, methods, and instruments, but also the diffusion of novel scientific contributions and their institutionalization as new academic fields. We argue that scientific innovations vis-à-vis organizational renewal is contingent upon at least three institutional conditions: inv...
National laboratories constitute large sectors of national R&D systems, but their scientific vis-a-vis organizational change remains understudied. This chapter examines the seeming paradox that although most national labs started as mission-oriented projects, they remain in operation with new missions. Analyzing the renewal of DESY (Germany) and SL...
In its fifty-year history, the German national research laboratory DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, German Electron Synchrotron) has undergone a gradual transformation from a single-mission particle physics laboratory to a multi-mission research center for accelerator physics, particle physics, and photon science. The last is an umbrella ter...
In its fifty-year history, the German national research laboratory DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, German Electron Synchrotron) has undergone a gradual transformation from a single-mission particle physics laboratory to a multi-mission research center for accelerator physics, particle physics, and photon science. The last is an umbrella ter...
This paper examines the formation and expansion of a new organizational field in experimental science: synchrotron radiation
laboratories. These labs were once peripheral servants of some specialisms of solid-state physics, but over the 40 years studied
they have grown into a worldwide generic resource for tens of thousands of users in a broad spec...
Die Personalstruktur an deutschen Universitäten wurde über die letzten drei Jahrzehnte grundlegend verändert: Während die Anzahl der Professuren nur geringfügig wuchs, hat sich die Zahl der wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter verdreifacht. Der Beitrag präsentiert erstmals Langzeitdaten für Universitäten in Bayern und Deutschland und diskutiert die Folge...
Studies of institutional transformation in science have largely overlooked Big Science installations, despite far-reaching
changes to the roles and functions of such large labs in the past decades. Here, we present and analyze two Big Science labs
that have undergone profound transformations from single-purpose particle physics labs to multi-purpos...
This article describes patterns of scientific growth that emerge in response to major research accomplishments in instrumentation and the discovery of new matter. Using two Nobel Prize-winning contributions, the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the discovery of Buckminsterfullerenes (BUF), we examine the growth of follow-up research via cita...
Die soziologische Innovationsforschung beschäftigt sich seit langem damit, wie es zur Entstehung und zur Verbreitung von technischen und sozialen Neuerungen kommt (Zapf 1989; Gillwald 2000; Rogers 2003; Fagerberg 2005). Bislang wurde häufig die Frage diskutiert, welche institutionellen Arrangements die Entstehung von neuem Wissen und neuer Artefakt...
In der Wissenschaftsforschung fehlt bislang eine Heuristik, die kreative von anderen Forschungsleistungen abgrenzt. Ebenso existiert keine einschlägige Systematik für konkrete Ausprägungen kreativer Forschungsleistungen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz greift diese beiden Desiderata auf. Es wird argumentiert, dass wissenschaftliche Kreativität aus dem Span...
This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and
private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national
laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operatio...
Science studies have not yet provided a conceptual scheme that distinguishes creative accomplishments from other research contributions. Likewise, there is no commonly agreed typology capturing all important manifestations of innovative science. This article takes up these two desiderata. We argue that scientific creativity springs from the fundame...
Die Analyse sozialer Netzwerke in der Wissenschaft hat seit den späten 1990er Jahren einen bemerkenswerten Aufschwung erlebt. Zu seinen Ursachen zählt die Tatsache, dass sich die Erforschung sozialer Netzwerke zu einem interdisziplinären Feld weiterentwickelt hat, zu dem mittlerweile auch zahlreiche Mathematiker, Physiker und Informatiker zählen un...
Forschungsorganisationen stehen fortwährend vor zwei Herausforderungen. Erstens wird von ihnen erwartet, in Reaktion auf intellektuellen Wandel neue Forschungsgebiete zügig aufzugreifen und zu unterstützen. Zweitens sollen sie im Zuge gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen zu Trägern des institutionellen Wandels der Forschung werden. Die Beiträge dieses...
This project investigates the features of the research environment that enable and foster highly creative research in nanotechnology and human genetics in the US and Europe. It also examines the influence of career patterns. The study contributes to the methodology of science studies by further developing and extending curriculum vita (CV) analysis...
This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research...
Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy 2009 This presentation was part of the session : Organizations of Science and Innovation Scientific and technological progress is propelled by creative research. Creative research is also a prerequisite for advances toward addressing critical societal challenges. However, we know and understand li...
Research collaboration is a key mechanism for linking distributed knowledge and competencies into novel ideas and research venues. The need for effective inter-institutional knowledge flows is of particular importance in emerging domains of research, and also a challenge for public research systems with a high degree of institutional differentiatio...
A key challenge for research management and science policy is support of scientific exploration of new research frontiers. This paper examines funding schemes that aim to encourage scientists to conduct unconventional and high-risk research. Schemes are analyzed across institutional dimensions, such as: target group and field, selection process and...
Seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre haben sich die Organisations- und Entscheidungsstrukturen im außeruniversitären Forschungssektor
verändert. Dieser Wandel der Governanceregimes der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
und der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft wird mit einer breiten Palette quantitativer und qualitativer D...
The German research system is functionally differentiated into various institutional pillars, most importantly the university system and the extra-university sector including institutes of the Helmholtz Association, the Max Planck Society, the Leibniz Association and the Fraunhofer Society. While the research organisations heterogeneous institution...
Motivated by concerns about the organizational and institutional conditions that foster research creativity in science, we focus on how creative research can be defined, operationalized, and empirically identified. A functional typology of research creativity is proposed encompassing theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in science...
Motivated by concerns about the organizational and institutional conditions that foster research creativity in science, we focus on how creative research can be defined, operationalized, and empirically identified. A functional typology of research creativity is proposed encompassing theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in science...
Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht die in der soziologischen Diskussion bislang nur wenig thematisierte Kopplungsbeziehung von Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft. Es wird argumentiert, dass mit systemtheoretischen Mitteln die Rolle von Organisationen und Interorganisationsnetzwerken in Prozessen technologischer Innovation präziser konzeptualisiert wer...
Recent discussion on German corporate governance is empirically inconclusive as to whether institutional change has been strong enough to speak of convergence tenden-cies towards the Anglo-Saxon outsider system. This article adds to this debate in two ways. First, structural changes in the network of interlocking directorates of large German corpor...
Seit Ende der 1990er Jahre, insbesondere seit der mit Erfolg durchgeführten feindlichen Übernahme von Mannesmann durch das britische Unternehmen Vodafone, ist institutioneller Wandel Gegenstand einer intensiven Diskussion im Bereich der Corporate Governance-Forschung. In dieser Diskussion wusste man sich langezeit darüber einig, dass unternehmensbe...
Der Ruf nach Rechenschaft �ber Leistungen, Qualit�t und Nutzen staatlich gef�rderter Wissenschaft und Forschung wird lauter. Wachsende Autonomiespielr�ume der Hochschulen durch Einf�hrung von Globalhaushalten gehen Hand in Hand mit neuen, leistungsorientierten Modi der Verteilung von Forschungsmitteln. Politisch gewollter Wettbewerb zwischen Forsch...
Zusammenfassung
Im Bereich der Corporate Governance-Forschung wird seit kurzem argumentiert, dass das interne Unternehmenskontroll-Modell Deutschlands in Auflösung begriffen ist und sich ein Markt für Unternehmenskontrolle (externes Kontroll-Modell) ausdifferenziert. Neben einer Vielzahl institutioneller Veränderungen stützt sich diese These vor al...
Das Argument der Replik von Martin Höpner und Gregory Jackson, dass meine Schlussfolgerungen aus dem Mannesmann-Fall Ergebnis
unrealistischer Extremhypothesen seien, kann nicht aufrecht erhalten werden. Auch gelingt es ihnen nicht, empirisch überzeugend
nachzuweisen, dass die bisherig stabilen institutionellen Einrichtungen im deutschen Unternehmen...
Martin Höpner and Gregory Jackson's argument, put forward in their critique, that my way of interpreting the case of Mannesmann derives from unrealistic and extreme hypotheses, receives no support. Furthermore they do not succeed in providing convincing empirical evidence for their proposition that so far unchanged institutions of the German corpor...
This study contributes empirically to the corporate governance debate that has been revived since Mannesmann was taken over by Vodafone Airtouch. Whereas the German corporate governance system has long been described as a network arrangement of mutually interlinked large companies and banks, its British counterpart is a market for corporate control...
This study contributes empirically to the corporate governance debate that has been revived since Mannesmann was taken over by Vodafone Airtouch. Whereas the German corporate governance system has long been described as a network arrangement of mutually interlinked large companies and banks, its British counterpart is a market for corporate control...
Nach einer starken Expansionsphase der 1960er und 1970er Jahre befindet sich der öffentliche Forschungssektor seit einigen Jahren im steady state. Gleichzeitig sind die an ihn gerichteten Erwartungen hinsichtlich verstärkter Internationalisierung, wettbewerblicher Finanzierung sowie wissenschaftlicher Profilbildung gewachsen. In dieser Situation be...
Speyer, Dt. Hochsch. Verwaltungswiss., Diss., 2005.
In the corporate governance debate that has recently been revived, some commentators argue that the German insider system is moving towards the Anglo-Saxon outsider system (UK, USA) by allowing a market for corporate control to develop. One of their central arguments rests on the observation of the declining number of interlocking directorates that...
This article analyzes the coupling of the science and the economic systems, a topic which has not received much attention in sociological debates so far. It is argued that concepts of sociological systems theory can be used to conceptualize organizations and interorganizational networks more precisely than either evolutionary economics or the appro...
This article investigates the emergence of nano S&T in Germany. Using multiple longitudinal data sets, we describe the complete set of research institutions and companies that entered this science-based technology field and the development of their inter-organisational networks between 1991 and 2000. We demonstrate that the co-publication network i...
'Der Aufsatz untersucht anhand von Umfragedaten aus dem Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung die Entwicklung der Wählerschaft der Freien Demokratischen Partei Deutschlands (FDP) zwischen 1949 und 1996. Die Befunde der empirischen Analysen deuten darauf hin, daß es sich bei der FDP um eine Funktionspartei handelt, die weniger um ihrer selbst...
