Thoko Kaime

University of Essex · School of Law

Various European Union (EU) regulatory bodies have championed the use of environmental markets as a key policy tool to achieve environmental protection either in lieu of, or in addition to, more traditional regulatory programmes. When these markets work properly, they have the capacity to provide enhanced levels of environmental quality and can ope...

Sustainable development constitutes a catch phrase for integrated and inclusive development more so in Africa that is battling with development challenges. Despite its legitimization at the highest institutional level, a principal impediment encountered in the concretization of sustainable development principles (environmental, social and economic)...

This article addresses the potential widespread conflict between the development of energy access projects and human rights risks and violations in Africa. While this conflict is well known in the continent of Africa due largely to the need to increase energy access, solutions to tackle it are scarce. This article proposes using the United Nations...

Energy is critical to all aspects of human development. Modern life is possible only because of the opportunities afforded by modern energy systems. From cooking, to lighting and heating, to transport, access to energy is critical. Governments around the world recognise the linkage between human development and access to safe, secure, and affordabl...

This chapter offers critical analysis on the normative basis for articulating children’s environment-related rights as well as the key pathways to expanding the core content and scope for such rights. Recognizing that a healthy environment is a prerequisite to the enjoyment of all rights, it is crucial to focus attention on the environmental dimens...

This Article examines the genesis and context of SE4All, placing the effort within both itshistorical and international policy contexts. It highlights the voluntary nature of the initiative andargues that its effective implementation and the achievement of its goals require the articulation ofan applicable international legal framework that aids th...

From governments, to peoples, to individuals, NGOs and technocrats, the range of players in the climate change debate is immense. A simple, yet useful, suggestion would be that all these communities of interest do own the debate in some shape or form given the interconnections between their interests and interventions. Although such a response does...

Climate change poses fundamental and varied challenges to all communities across the globe. The adaptation and mitigation strategies proposed by governments and non-governmental organisations are likely to require radical and fundamental shifts in socio-political structures, technological and economic systems, organisational forms, and modes of reg...

Markets in ecosystem services have the potential to provide financial incentives to protect the environment either in lieu of or in addition to more traditional regulatory programmes. If these markets function properly, they can provide enhanced levels of environmental quality or more efficient mechanisms for protecting natural resources that provi...

Improving access to sanitation in slums in East Africa is a challenge. The 3ksan project has been working to identify the barriers and catalysts to sanitation in Kigali, Kampala and Kisumu. Household surveys in the informal settlements in these three cities have provided insight into the different levels of service provision and demand, access to f...

Because of its tremendous temporal and spatial scope, climate change poses profound regulatory issues. Significant transboundary effects and spatially differentiated effects make it highly desirable that international regulatory mechanisms are utilised in order to arrive at effective mitigation and adaptation solutions. Yet, the different spaces th...

Climate change poses fundamental and varied challenges to all communities across the globe. The adaptation and mitigation strategies proposed by governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are likely to require radical and fundamental shifts in socio-political structures, technological and economic systems, organisational forms, and modes...

Whereas the Convention on the Rights of the Child ('the CRC') provides a progressive framework capable of normative transformation, the challenge for children's rights advocates is how to translate the treaty's prescriptions into robust protection for children everywhere. A key indicator of success in this endeavour is the level and sustainability...

This article examines the cultural-based critiques of the international human rights paradigm generally and children's rights in particular, with specific reference to Africa. In this regard, the paper attempts to identify gaps in the analyses of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Towards that end, the paper proceeds in thr...

This article examines the cultural-based critiques of the international human rights paradigm generally and children's rights in particular, with specific reference to Africa. In this regard, the paper attempts to identify gaps in the analyses of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Towards that end, the paper proceeds in thr...

This article tries to escape orthodox analysis of children’s rights analysis by engaging in a grounded examination of the core principles of Africa’s core document on children’s rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. There are four cross-cutting principles that may be thought of as underpinning the entire instrument. Th...

Does the promulgation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child radically change the conception of childhood within African communities? Does it need to? This article attempts to answer these questions through a critical discussion of children's rights and childhood within African communities and attempts to place the Charter wi...

This paper reports on the author's work in analysing the provisions of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child from both international law and anthropological perspectives. It explains the methodological choices and their justification. The author concludes with an assessment of the role of children in empirical research and exam...

This book looks at the protection of children’s rights in Africa through an examination of the provisions of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. It investigates the specific question whether the African Children’s Charter provides a culturally appropriate framework for the protection and promotion of children’s rights in Afr...

Despite the existence of multitudes of refugee children on the continent and the recognition of their vulnerable status, the African human rights system did not initially provide for a special protection regime for addressing their particular plight. Refugee protection under the African system was sourced from the OAU Convention Governing the Speci...

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The Convention on the Rights of the Child has been almost universally ratified. The author argues that its implementation depends to a large extent on the level of cultural legitimacy accorded to children's rights norms in a society. In Africa, children are seen as a valuable part of society. Despite this, cultural practices that are detrimental to...

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C. Grant Bowman and A. Kuenyahia, Women and Law in sub-Saharan Africa, Accra, Sedco Publishing Ltd., ISBN 9-9647-2235-4, 652pp., £29.95. Available from Africa Books Collective, Oxford. - - Volume 48 Issue 2 - Thoko Kaime

Due to the factors such as the absence of an older guardian or their young age, unaccompanied refugee children face a myriad of risks over and above those faced by other refugee children. Due to their heightened vulnerability, it has always been accepted that unaccompanied refugee minors require a raised level of protection and assistance in order...

Most sub- Saharan countries possess limited development and economic potential because they are very poorly endowed with human and physical capital. Their plight is exacerbated because they are either denied much-needed investment owing to their small market size3 or because they are taken advantage of by foreign investors owing to their unequal ba...

In contemporary human rights discourse, economic, social and cultural rights are generally distinguished from civil and political rights. Although international players have adopted the mantra that both sets of rights are interdependent, interrelated and of equal importance, in reality, human rights discourse and practice has historically and tradi...

The prerceived differnces between civil and political rights on the one hand; and economic, social and cultural rights on the other, did not only result in the division of the rights contained inthe UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights into the ICCPR and the ICESCR, but it also resulted in the oprovison of radically different supervision mechanisms...

This research paper investigated the extent to which the SADC regional integration mechanism, in pursuit of its principal goal of achieving regional economic and social development, complied with fundamental international human rights values surrounding the eradication of child labour and the achievement of sustainable social and economic developme...