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Publications
Publications (135)
Beyond ecological and health impacts, invasive alien plant species can generate indirect and direct costs, notably through reduced agricultural yields, restoration, and management of the invaded environment. Acacia dealbata and Ailanthus altissima are invasive plant species that cause particularly significant damage to the railway network in the Me...
L'usage des terres et notamment les activités agricoles sont connues comme étant des facteurs influençant fortement le fonctionnement des sols. Cependant les effets des usages antérieurs des sols sont peu documentés en région méditerranéenne où une anthropisation forte s'est instaurée depuis des millénaires. Dès le XIX e siècle, l'abandon des cultu...
1. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrient availability (nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]) are expected to increase in lakes as a consequence of climate change. These increases can alter the planktonic food web, especially in oligotrophic systems.
2. This study addresses the consequences of DOM and nutrient increas...
Urban streams display consistent ecological symptoms that commonly express degraded biological, physical, and chemical conditions: the urban stream syndrome (USS). Changes linked to the USS result in consistent declines in the abundance and richness of algae, invertebrates, and riparian vegetation. In this paper, we assessed the impacts of extreme...
Climate change is altering both dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties and phytoplankton dynamics in lakes. High‐altitude lakes are good sentinels of global change. However, their value as sentinels depends on how well we understand their functioning. This study analysed physical, chemical and biological data during three pre‐defined periods run...
The predicted increase in allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in high‐altitude lakes is expected to alter the phytoplankton–bacterioplankton relationship. However, few studies address the influence of summer phytoplankton dynamics on microbial responses to DOC additions. We sampled natural plankton assemblages during two contrasting period...
Face à la dégradation anthropique des habitats littoraux du Parc national des Calanques, le projet européen LIFE Habitats Calanques (LIFE16 NAT/FR/000593) a pour objectif d’entreprendre des actions de protection et de restauration écologique à grande échelle. Parmi ces habitats, la phrygane (code Natura 2000 : 5410) représente un exemple typique d’...
Understanding the environmental drivers of the realized niche of rare plant species is crucial for conservation programs. We have examined the ecological niche of Astragalus tragacantha L.. This rare plant is the main component of the relict west-Mediterranean phrygana, a plant community impacted by urbanization and landscape degradation which are...
High-altitude lakes are sentinels of change. Anticipated increases in inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from catchments in high-altitude lakes could affect planktonic interactions, especially if inputs occur during the winter ablation phase. However, the responses of plankton communities to added DOC interacting with nutrients during this pe...
Pour préserver de manière efficace les continuités écologiques, il est essentiel de prendre en compte l’évolution des territoires dans le temps et dans l’espace dans les stratégies de conservation de la biodiversité. La démarche prospective, qui intègre les dynamiques spatio-temporelles des territoires en impliquant les acteurs dans la construction...
Questions
Land use legacies in current forest understorey vegetation, thoroughly studied in temperate regions, were investigated in a Mediterranean context. We tested the effect of three historical variables on current forest plant communities and traits: forest temporal continuity (ancient: forested before 1860, recent: reforested after 1860, and...
The increase in habitat fragmentation impacts plant-pollinator interactions and threatens the sustainability of plant species. Astragalus tragacantha (Fabaceae), is a rare endangered plant species along the coastal habitats where the plant populations have undergone considerable fragmentation and decline of size. Controlled pollination treatments,...
A field study was conducted along a fluorine gradient of soil pollution in Tunisia from Gabes, the most polluted site, to Smara, the reference site. Variations of fluoride (F) concentrations in soils were detected over 1 year in Gabes, Skhira, and Smara. F concentrations in the aerial part of two native plant species, i.e., Erodium glaucophyllum an...
How to move forward if we cannot understand our present from our past? The same applies for the study of ecosystems. Evidence of ecological legacies in temperate post-agricultural forests has been provided on soil physico-chemical properties and understory vegetation richness and composition, which led to distinguish ancient and recent forests. How...
Astragalus tragacantha is a protected plant species in France that grows even in the trace metal and metalloid (TMM) polluted soils of the Calanques National Park (PNCal). Soils are mainly contaminated by lead, copper, zinc and arsenic. An ex situ experiment was conducted, firstly to determine the molecular responses and root traits involved in the...
Context
Land use and land cover (LULC) change is a major part of environmental change. Understanding its long-term causes is a major issue in landscape ecology.
Objectives
Our aim was to characterise LULC transitions since 1860 and assess the respective and changing effects of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers on forest, arable land and pastur...
Après des siècles de diminution de sa surface, la forêt a connu un minimum historique en France vers le début du XIXe siècle puis a augmenté depuis, notamment en Provence. Les déterminants biophysiques, socioéconomiques et paysagers de ces changements forestiers à long terme ont cependant été assez peu explorés. Cette étude vise à analyser les tran...
The one thing in common “archaeological”, “biodiversity” or “social systems” studies share is that data
production is both expensive and few automated. Long time series and / or large spatial surveys are difficult to conduct,
since it is necessary to use several observers. The robustness and reproducibility of the observation are also harder to
get...
The one thing in common “archaeological”, “biodiversity” or “social systems” studies share is that data production is both expensive and few automated. Long time series and / or large spatial surveys are difficult to conduct, since it is necessary to use several observers. The robustness and reproducibility of the observation are also harder to
get...
Data produced within marine and terrestrial biodiversity research projects that evaluate and monitor Good Environmental Status, have a high potential for use by stakeholders involved in environmental management. However, environmental data, especially in ecology, are not readily accessible to various users. The specific scientific goals and the log...
The rapid expansion of Utility-Scale Solar Energy (USSE) is expected to meet economic and environmental challenges that society faces today and in the future. Yet there is a paucity of comprehensive research on biodiversity responses to USSE. Here we investigated the impact of USSE on species movements via the correlations between landscape connect...
Protected areas constitute a key foundation for national and international strategies of effective biodiversity and ecosystems conservation. Yet, they are not islands; they are components of their surrounding social and ecological contexts. Reconciling biodiversity conservation, people, protected areas and sustainable livelihoods requires a focused...
Capacity matrices are widely used for assessment of ecosystems services, especially when based on participatory approaches. A capacity matrix is basically a look-up table that links land cover types to ecosystem services potentially provided. The method introduced by Burkhard et al. in 2009 has since been developed and applied in an array of case s...
Data produced by biodiversity research projects that evaluate and monitor Good Environmental Status have a high potential for use by stakeholders involved in [marine] environmental management. The lack of specific scientific objectives, poor organizational logic, and a characteristically disorganized collection of information leads to a decentraliz...
RESUME Cet article présente la partie architecture et services de la thèse de R. DAVID, intitulé Méthodes et outils pour le suivi à large échelle des habitats coralligène en Méditerranée : du système d'observation au système d'information. Il présente les processus d'indexation et de qualification de données hétérogènes et distantes, basés sur des...
In a production framework of multi-source data in ecology, the equivalence of observation systems and inter-calibration become crucial. Increasingly, integrative trans-disciplinary approaches become necessary in the study of systems where measurement in each discipline is patchy, imprecise and badly distributed. Yet all the variables (biotic, abiot...
Context
Habitat fragmentation generates a loss of functional connectivity detrimental to the persistence of biodiversity. The French agricultural intensification initiated in the 1950s has caused a decline in field margins.
Objectives
As field margins may facilitate species dispersal while providing socio-economic benefits, it is of interest to ass...
Concerning studies about biodiversity and socio-ecological systems (SES), the data production in the coastal and marine area is expensive and still has a low level of automation. Long time series and/or large spatial areas studies are difficult to conduct, and when it is necessary to involve several observers, the robustness and reproducibility of...
Data produced by the SeasEra CIGESMED project (Coralligenous based Indicators to evaluate and monitor the "Good Environmental Status" of the MEDiterranean coastal waters) have a high potential to be used by several stakeholders involved in environmental management. A new consortium called IndexMed whose task is to index Mediterranean biodiversity d...
Le point commun des études en archéologie, biodiversité ou sur les systèmes sociaux est que la production de données est à la fois coûteuse et peu automatisée. Les suivis de longues séries temporelles et/ou à larges emprises spatiales sont difficiles à mener, dès lors qu’il faut recourir à plusieurs observateurs. La robustesse et la reproductibilit...
Après des siècles de déboisements, la surface forestière a presque doublé depuis le XIXe siècle en France, avec une transition forestière plus marquée en contexte montagnard et méditerranéen. Cette augmentation nette peut cependant cacher des déboisements et des reboisements qui ne se sont pas faits dans les mêmes conditions de milieu, induisant un...
L’interopérabilité est depuis quelques années perçue comme l’une des grandes gageures pour les utilisateurs de données environnementales, un graal qui devrait enfin permettre la compréhension globale des écosystèmes, et donner les clefs d’une gestion raisonnée des ressources de notre environnement. La compréhension de systèmes complexes, soumis à d...
Increasing numbers of cities are currently developing sustainable policies aimed at promoting urban biodiversity and ecological dynamics through the planning of green networks and the implementation of more sustainable management practices. These human activities can strongly influence environmental factors on which the organization of ecological c...
” VIGI-GEEK ” propose de construire un outil de représentation sous forme de graphes des données de différents champs disciplinaires (écologie, sociologie, économie) et d’élaborer des méthodes de création de scénarios par approches successives (coévolution de facteurs), basée sur des concepts actuellement décrits par les approches globales. L’objec...
Le concept des services écosystémiques a été initié afin de soutenir les efforts de conservation par la démonstration du rôle joué par les écosystèmes sur le bien-être humain. Malgré une large utilisation, les retours de son utilisation mettent en avant un manque d'implication des décideurs publics dans les phases de concertation et le besoin d'un...
Marginalisée des considérations nationales, surtout en termes de prise de décisions et lors de l’élaboration de politiques territoriales, la biodiversité représente le maillon faible de la chaîne des considérations environnementales, notamment en Méditerranée. Les aires protégées constituent les piliers fondamentaux des stratégies nationales et int...
Atractylis serratuloides is an abundant native spiny species that grows in the surroundings of superphosphate factories in Tunisia. This plant species is adapted to arid environments and tolerates a high level of fluoride pollution in soils. The aim of this study was to better understand the physiological mechanisms of fluoride tolerance of this sp...
” VIGI-GEEK ” propose de construire un outil de représentation sous forme de graphes des données de différents champs disciplinaires (écologie, sociologie, économie) et d’élaborer des méthodes de création de scénarios par approches successives (coévolution de facteurs), basée sur des concepts actuellement décrits par les approches globales. L’objec...
Interroger le rôle des espaces protégés, et leurs limites, questionner les politiques de conservation de la nature et les différents modes de gouvernance de la biodiversité. Tel est le propos et le parti pris des auteurs dans un premier temps, pour ensuite mettre en exergue toute l’importance du développement d’une écologie globale et intégrative d...
Past fire recurrence impacts the vegetation structure, and it is consequently hypothesized to alter its future fire behaviour. We examined the fire behaviour in shrubland-forest mosaics of southeastern France, which were organized along a range of fire frequency (0 to 3-4 fires along the past 50 years) and had different time intervals between fires...
An horizon scan of emerging issues for biodiversity policies in France : results and perspectives
Because drivers and pressures on biodiversity, societal expectations, and ecological knowledge evolve rapidly, biodiversity conservation policies need to adapt continuously. Anticipating such changes can however be difficult given the profusion and com...
The concepts of plant diversity vulnerability are re-contextualized relative to global changes. The scope of the study is on an exceptional area, the rocky peri-urban coastline of Marseille (included in the Calanques National Park) where remarkable and threatened plant communities, named littoral phryganas, can be found. Human habitat destruction a...
Located at the crossroad of three continents, in a complex context of topography, biogeography, geology and historic human settlements particular to the Mediterranean basin, Lebanon hosts very particular forests representing a unique feature in the arid environment of the Eastern Mediterranean. North Lebanon embraces several types of forest stands...
La faune de Coléoptères du Mas de Gonon (commune de Fos-sur-Mer) a fait l’objet de prospections régulières pendant plusieurs années au moyen de diverses méthodes d’échantillonnage. Les données recueillies montrent la présence de nombreuses espèces remarquables sur le plan biogéographique et suggèrent que des mesures de protection soient prises pour...
Regional natural parks (PNR) in France were created to protect and enhance the open rural inhabited spaces. PNR are organized around a collaborative project of sustainable development and are marked by complex human-nature relations where integrated management and conservation planning requires cross disciplinary approach. It is impossible to under...
Disturbances such as fire profoundly affect plants, but their effects are strongly dependant on species’ biological and life-history traits. Thus, in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), where the frequencies and intensities of fires are increasing in association with ongoing land use and climate changes, the composition and diversity of plant com...
The effects of fire recurrence on vegetation patterns in Quercus suber L. and Erica-Cistus communities in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems of south-eastern France were examined on stands belonging to 5 fire classes, corresponding to different numbers of fires (from 0 to 4) and time intervals between fires since 1959. A common pool of species was...
The aim of this study is to investigate vegetation changes on small Mediterranean islands under the impact of the drastic expansion of the gull colony, at local scale over eleven years using a set of permanent plots. First, we focused on functional aspects of vegetation in addition to its specific composition with regard to the plant functional typ...
Taxa and Genbank accession numbers
The factors responsible for the patterns of niche differentiation and narrow endemism have rarely been investigated in annual Mediterranean plants. This topic was addressed here by performing comparative studies on realized niches, regional occupancy, global biogeographical distribution and seed traits of a set of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) species...
This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the notion of overuse in natural areas. Based on the case of the French Calanques massif (located along the Mediterranean coast between Marseilles and Cassis), sociology and biology combine their analyses to examine the social processes behind the increasingly widespread use of natural areas an...
We examined the effects of fire recurrence on a mosaic structure of Quercus suber and Erica-Cistus shrubland communities of Southeastern France in order to improve the understanding of fire-vegetation interplay. Plant communities that were similar in 1959 (woodlands on shrublands called maquis on acidic soils) were compared along a gradient of fire...
Urbanization induces changes in species abundance and richness that are beginning to be extensively described. However, the functional structure of urban communities still requires attention to provide a basis for a more accurate understanding of urban ecosystems’ functioning. This study has been performed in order to assess functional changes in e...
The aim of this paper is to examine the role of urban public parks in maintaining connectivity and butterfly assemblages.
Using a regression framework, we first test the relative importance of park size and isolation in predicting abundance and
species richness of butterfly assemblages across a set of 24 public parks within a large metropolitan are...
Agricultural decline and urbanization entail rapid alterations of the patterns of organization of rural landscapes in Europe. The spread of the urban footprint to the adjacent countryside contributes to the development of new anthropogenic ecosystems in formerly rural hinterlands. In this study, butterflies are considered as biological indicators o...
L’utilisation de populations locales comme source de plantes dans le cadre de processus de restauration écologique permet de parvenir à la fois à la réhabilitation de sites pollués par des composés inorganiques et à la conservation biologique. Les sols contaminés étant généralement pauvres en nutriments et présentant une structure hautement altérée...
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Ecology, origin and potential causes limiting the range of A. provincialis
Les montagnes méditerranéennes sont connues pour leur taux élevé d’espèces endémiques. Certaines crêtes des montagnes de Basse Provence (S.-E. France) sont dominées par une espèce épineuse en coussinet Genista lobelii DC. Une révision taxonomique montre que ce taxon devrait être considéré comme endémique de Basse Provence. La distribution, la descr...
Aims To examine the influence of the accessibility of open‐air refuse dumps on the pre‐laying diet of the adult Yellow‐legged Gull.Methods We studied six colonies settled on six rocky islands off the southeastern coast of France. A comparative study of the diet of breeding adults from the six colonies was made through pellet analysis (a total of 84...
The hydro-alcohol extracts of leafs, barks and roots of Pergularia daemia (forssk.) chiov. (Asclepiadaceae) and Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae), two cosmetic and dermatological plants were evaluated for theirs antifungal properties. The results showed that these extracts inhibit at different degree the in vitro growth of five dermatophytes and o...
Astragalus (Fabaceae) est un genre complexe à forte richesse spécifique, ce qui lui vaut d’être au centre de nombreux travaux systématiques. Cette étude fournit des séquences nucléotidiques inédites (ITS nrADN) d’Astragalus tragacantha
L. (sous-genre Cercidothrix Bunge, section
Tragacantha DC), une espèce rare en forme de coussinet épineux, présent...
