Thierry Rayna

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at École Polytechnique

S’interrogeant sur l’émergence récente et tardive du concept « d’innovation à impact », potentiellement tautologique (qui dit innovation, dit adoption, dit impact), et en lien avec des problèmes environnementaux et sociaux avérés depuis des décennies, et remarquant, d’autre part, l’apparition de multiples formes d’innovation (ouverte, participative...

While the literature has emphasized that sustainable entrepreneurs have to carry out institutional entrepreneurship against their own adverse environment, we still know little about entrepreneurs' perception of their entrepreneurial ecosystem and how its evolution might influence the need for institutional entrepreneurship. We address this gap by c...

L’industrie 4.0, en général, et la fabrication numérique, en particulier, sont vues comme des facteurs de reconfigurations radicales des chaînes de valeur, menaçant les acteurs qui y sont établis de longue date. Cette recherche vise à éclairer un aspect particulier de ce phénomène : quelles reconfigurations de la chaîne de valeur – et quelle désint...

Over the past decade, in response to mounting global concern that the once lauded innovation was often more detrimental than it was beneficial, there has been a burgeoning literature addressing the issue of responsible innovation (RI), which this special issue aimed to help developing further. To illustrate the contributions of the articles in this...

ChatGPT fait beaucoup parler, mais que faut-il retenir de ce buzz ? Après un état des lieux, le chercheur Thierry Rayna nous montre ce qui se cache derrière cette véritable boîte noire, non pas une menace sur les emplois qualifiés, mais une nouvelle vague d’ubérisation des entreprises.

Le cahier spécial « Les enjeux économiques, politiques et managériaux de l’innovation responsable » a pour but de mettre en évidence les défis majeurs auxquels le développement de l’innovation responsable est confronté, provenant notamment de la complexité de cette notion et les difficultés soulevées par son opérationnalisation. Cet article introdu...

While startups are acknowledged for their potential to address sustainability issues, little is known on how to assess their impact, given the uncertainty they deal with and their lack of resources. This paper investigates the ones that are supposed to be ‘best-in-class’ in that matter, that is, startups targeting sustainability, in order to explor...

For more than three decades, enthusiasts have predicted that direct manufacturing enabled by 3D printing would inevitably supplant traditional manufacturing methods. Alas, for nearly as long, these utopian predictions have failed to materialize. One reason is a flawed assumption that hybrid digital‐physical systems such as 3D printing would advance...

The ability to commercialize products based on distributed innovation is one of the critical challenges of large-scale open innovation. While this issue has been largely investigated in relation to open-source software (OSS), the literature on commercialization strategies of open-source hardware (OSHW) is comparatively scarce, despite OSHW commerci...

L’étude de la phase de sortie du processus intrapreneurial du point de vue individuel n’a reçu que peu d’attention dans la littérature. Basé sur des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de quarante et un intrapreneurs issus de huit grandes entreprises françaises, cet article s’intéresse aux trajectoires professionnelles subjectives des intrapr...

Since the First Industrial Revolution, consumers have been mainly considered as playing a passive role with regard to production. However, the recent decades have seen a progressive growth in consumer involvement in production processes, for instance, in the form of user innovation, DIY and mass customisation. Yet, it was not until the advent of di...

The aim of this paper is to critically assess the effect of 3D printing technologies on entrepreneurship. While 3D printing technologies (also known as ‘additive manufacturing’) have been considered as highly transformative technologies, they have been so far (despite over 30 years of existence) restricted to niche markets, and until recently, it s...

Based on a study of a network of fab labs and makerspaces, this article investigates the role that such ‘fabrication spaces’ can play in fostering 21st century skills. Using a combination of the two main 21st century skills frameworks—DigComp and EntreComp—developed by the EU Commission, we study by the means of two combined qualitative research me...

Face aux mystérieuses chaînes de blocs, le profane s’interroge. Quelle est cette technologie démiurgique dont on prétend qu’elle va renvoyer le système bancaire aux oubliettes, révolutionner les échanges et modifier les relations sociales ? La première vague d’exaltation passée, il est temps de dédramatiser l’objet. Loin des promesses de ses débuts...

The aim of this research is to explore the dynamics and impact of open social innovation, within the context of fab labs and makerspaces. Using an exploratory methodology based on 12 semi‐structured interviews of fab lab founders belonging to The Centres for Maker Innovation and Technology (CMIT) programme – a network of 170 fab labs located in Eas...

We investigated how 13 large firms imllemented corporate entrepeneurship and draw 7 key findings. We mostly put emphasis on the organizational integration of processes.

Based on an exhaustive dataset of all journalists in France, this article investigates the impact of digitisation on the employment of journalists in the press industry. In particular, focus is put on the effect played by the level of digitisation of newspapers and magazines, some of which have resisted digitisation, while others have embraced it....

Cette recherche porte sur le phénomène complexe de l’adoption d’une innovation technologique et s’intéresse plus particulièrement au cas de la fibre optique (FTTH) en France. Cette technologie bénéficie de caractéristiques très favorables (vitesse notamment) mais ne se diffuse que peu et lentement, contrairement à la technologie plus ancienne, l’AD...

The Editorial and the articles of the Special Issue are available here: http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticletoc.php?jcode=ijtm&year=2017&vol=75&issue=1/2/3/4#issue

Scientists and researchers face challenges in efficiently configuring their scientific computing tasks so that they can be run in a timely and cost-effective manner. While the increasing availability of different types of computing platforms provides many opportunities to users, it can further complicate the job configuration process. In this paper...

3D printing was originally intended exclusively for industrial use. But it is progressively becoming a reality for consumers as well. While 3D printing empowers users, most of them require some sort of assistance in the creative process. For instance, at the moment, few consumers own a 3D printer, which means that most still need to use a third-par...

Businesses understand the virtues of innovation, but they often equal innovation with technological innovation. While the latter is an important aspect of innovation, it is invaluable without an adequate business model. Countless firms with technological leadership have failed because of poor business models while less innovative firms became marke...

OVERVIEW: Business model innovation has arguably become a critical way to innovate, but its success factors are poorly understood. A lack of tools allowing the examination of business models in their entirety combined with the complex relationship between business model changes and market outcomes makes this especially difficult. This article intro...

This article attempts to investigate the impact of social media (SM) on economic growth. Using information obtained from memberships to social networks, we find that SM has a negative and significant impact on economic growth. This provides evidence in favour of our hypothesis that SM increases the search costs for information and also increases th...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of what Open Innovation means within university context. Focus is also put on the role universities believe they should play in Open Innovation, as well as the changes that might have arisen as a consequence of universities’ greater awareness of this concept. Design/methodolo...

There is a growing consensus that 3D printing technologies will be one of the next major technological revolutions. While a lot of work has already been carried out as to what these technologies will bring in terms of product and process innovation, little has been done on their impact on business models and business model innovation. Yet, history...

The aim of this article is to investigate the changes brought about by online 3D printing platforms in co-creation and user innovation. As doing so requires a thorough understanding of the level of user involvement in productive processes and a clear view of the nature of co-creative processes, this article provides a ‘prosumption’ framework and a...

The modern patent landscape, especially in high tech industries, is complex and requires market participants to use collaborative governance structures in order to cut down the increasing transaction costs. This paper focuses on one of these governance structures - patent pools. By analysing eight case studies in optical disk and mobile phone indus...

Web 2.0 has considerably increased the possibilities of user involvement in the production process and, thereby, has given rise to new forms of co-creation (open innovation with customers). Because the roles of consumers, now 'prosumers', have radically changed, specific challenges have emerged. The aim of this article is to provide possible routes...

In addition to customized products and services, personal data also enables personalized pricing. However, consumers are often unwilling to accept being price discriminated for fear that they would end up paying more for the same product or service. This article demonstrates that by rewarding consumers for disclosing personal information it is poss...

Both open innovation and 3D printing technologies have attracted a lot of attention recently. Our main aim is to investigate the role of online 3D printing platforms in open innovation with customers. There are four main contributions in this paper. Firstly, it offers a better understanding of the relationship between open innovation, co-creation a...

There is a growing consensus that 3D printing technologies will be the next major technological revolution. While a lot of work has already been carried out as to what these technologies will bring in terms of product and process innovation, little has been done on their impact on business model innovation. Yet, history has shown that technological...

En s’appuyant sur un échantillon de 4029 internautes abonnés à la fibre optique, dans sa forme Fiber To The Home (FTTH), notre article a pour objectif d’étudier le niveau de dépenses mensuel de ces abonnés, relatif à « Internet » – aux forfaits, abonnements, options ou consommation à l’acte de produits ou services numériques –, ainsi que l’articula...

The aim of this article is to study the phenomenon of chasm that often exists in the diffusion of innovation and to devise a theoretical framework enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful. The proposition developed in this article is that the choice of initial market segment has crucia...

The traditional view of innovation, which implies that companies innovate on their own, has been recently challenged by the 'open' innovation concept promoting the use of external knowledge. Collaboration between firms has always existed in one way or another, however, large-scale open innovation is now the next step for many companies. This articl...

The aim of this article is to assess the graduated response systems implemented in France (HADOPI) and in the U.K. (Digital Economy Act) to reduce consumer piracy. After examining the rationale of graduated response and outlining the requirements for a successful implementation, a detailed presentation of the French and British systems is given. Th...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate, from an economic perspective, the efficiency of Web 2.0. It demonstrates that, because of the non-monetary nature of Web 2.0, several sources of inefficiencies (search costs, externalities, crowding out and adverse selection) exist. Nonetheless, the economic nature of digital products and the expected low value...

The aim of this research is the investigate the role played by market segmentation, in general, and by the choice of initial market segment, in particular, in the ability of a product to cross the chasm. To do so, a theoretical framework, enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful is dev...

With more than 500 all-inclusive resorts around the world, competition in this sector is intense and resorts are constantly trying to gain a sustainable competitive advantage through innovation. The main aim of this article is to investigate the issue of non-technological innovation in the holiday resort industry, in general, and, in particular, ho...

With four major companies sharing more than 85% of the market, the recording industry is one of the most concentrated industries. While this market concentration has been traditionally linked with high barriers to entry, recent technological changes have made these barriers almost disappear. Nonetheless, market concentration remains, mostly due to...

With four major companies sharing more than 85% of the market, the recording industry is one of the most concentrated industries. While this market concentration has been traditionally linked with high barriers to entry, recent technological changes have made these barriers almost disappear. Nonetheless, market concentration remains, mostly due to...

The literature establishes a strong link between radical innovation, first-mover advantage and market dominance. However, there are numerous examples where, despite being the first-mover and radically innovating, companies have failed to achieve a significant market share. In fact, incremental innovation can, sometimes, influence the industry in a...

The aim of the article is to examine whether Venture Capital Trusts (VCTs) meet government's expectations and help to solve the problem of underinvestment in young companies. In order to do so a survey of companies that were funded by one of the VCTs, the Oxford Technology Trust, was conducted and the results of this exploratory study are presented...

The usage of economics in grid systems designs has been very popular recently and a large number of system designers have attempted to use economic concepts to engineer the grid market mechanism that would enable an efficient allocation of resources. However, only few of these designs have been actually implemented and, in fact, very few, if any, h...

The aim of this article is to study the phenomenon of chasm that often exists in the diffusion of innovation and to devise a theoretical framework enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful. The proposition developed in this article is that the choice of initial market segment has crucia...

This paper discusses the rationales for a Grid market and, in particular, the introduction of a market place for trading commoditized computing resources. The market place proposed makes computing resources from different providers substitutable through virtualization. This includes the definition of a spot and future market as well as the paramete...

There has been recently an increasing interest in Grid services and economic-aware Grid systems both in the industry and the academia. In this pa- per we specify a market for hardware providers and consumers interested in leasing Grid resources for a time period. Our approach comprises a stock- market like mechanism that enables the trading of comp...

Due to its extensive usage of high-tech, the music industry is often discussed in the innovation literature. Music, however, is not only about recording; it is also about means to create music: the instruments.When it comes to high-tech, the instrument industry is the antipodes of recording industry and most of the musical instruments are still ver...

The paper systematises the previous research on trust in virtual teams, by examining how trust and other elements of social capital can be created in virtual teams and where the value created by social capital resides. The study is guided by three main questions: What value can social capital create for virtual teams and organisations? How are soci...

The decrease of privacy caused by Digital Rights Management is a serious issue, since it slows down the adoption by the consumers of the DRM technologies, at a time when a very large adoption is needed to win the fight against piracy. This article presents two outlines of solutions that are expected to allow fight against piracy and respect of priv...

This article investigates the economic nature and characteristics of digital goods. Such goods are, due to their replicability, shown to be public goods (albeit in an evolutionary way) and durable goods. Furthermore, the content of such goods, combined with their durability, makes them experience goods. While only one of these characteristics would...

Due to its ability to solve all main problems associated with digital goods, Digital Rights Management is the favourite option used by companies to tackle piracy. The aim of this article is to discuss the consequences of DRM for consumers, firms and society. The rationales of DRM are discussed and the expected benefits for firms are presented.. In...

Due to its ability to solve all main problems associated with digital goods, Digital Right Management is the favourite option used by companies to tackle piracy. The aim of this article is to discuss the consequences of DRM for consumers, firms and society. The rationales of DRM are discussed and the expected benefits for firms are presented. It is...

This article investigates the relation between the level of publicness of digital goods – i.e. their degree of non-excludability and non-rivalness – and the pirating behaviour of the consumers. The main focus is put on the difference between the ex-ante level of publicness – determined by the anti-piracy strategies of the firms – and the ex-post le...

This article explains how DRM helped Apple gain market leadership, why Microsoft departed from its usual "software-only" strategy and dropped PlayForSure (and its partners) to launch Zune, why Sony, the historical market leader, failed where Apple succeeded while using the same strategy and, finally, why Napster and iTunes are not competing directl...

Threat models in computer security often consider a very powerful adversary. A more useful model may be to consider conflict in which both sides have economic considerations that limit the resources they are willing to devote to the conflict. This paper examines censorship resistance in a peer-to-peer network. A simple game theoretic model is exami...

Threat models in computer security often consider a very powerful adversary. A more useful model may be to consider conflict in which both sides have economic considerations that limit the resources they are willing to devote to the conflict. This paper examines censorship resistance in a peer-to-peer network. A simple game theoretic model is exami...

One of the main issues usually associated with piracy is that it hinders innovation. As this leads to smaller profits, firms have no incentive to innovate. In this article, we show that even if piracy is usually seen as innovation "killer" it may, on the contrary, increase innovation: piracy places firms in a highly competitive environment and push...

The aim of this article is to use the concept of durable good to analyse the market of online music. Our goal is to find theoretical elements explaining the coexistence of selling and renting strategies, and to assess the respective performance of these two types of strategies. In a first part, we make a review of the literature on the durable good...

T he usage of economics in grid systems designs has been very popular recently. System designers have attempted to engineer the grid market mechanism that would lead to an efficient outcome before implementing it and open it to end users. It can be noted that, although the usage of economics in grid computing is rather recent, many different grid m...

With four major companies sharing more than 85% of the market share, the recording industry is one of the most concentrated industries. While this market concentration has been traditionally linked with high barriers to entry, recent technological changes have made these barriers almost disappear. Nonetheless, market concentration remains, mostly d...