Thibaut Morel-JournelUniversité Paris 13 Nord | Paris 13 Nord
Thibaut Morel-Journel
PhD
About
41
Publications
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Introduction
I aim at understanding how ecological interactions at different spatial scales, between and within species, influence evolutionary processes, especially in epidemiological contexts. I develop mechanistic models describing the dynamics of populations (especially microbes) in time and space, depending on various external factors, such as the structure in transmission patterns, the use of antibiotics or vaccination.
Additional affiliations
Education
October 2012 - December 2015
Publications
Publications (41)
Despite the extensive literature on the pathogenicity and virulence of the commensal bacterial species and major pathogen Escherichia coli, much less is known about its natural ecological and evolutionary dynamics in populations of healthy hosts. Based on remarkably detailed longitudinal data on the gut microbiota of eight healthy individuals over...
Escherichia coli is an increasingly antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogen. Few data are available on its ecological and evolutionary dynamics in its primary commensal niche, the vertebrate gut. Using Illumina and/or Nanopore technologies, we sequenced whole genomes of 210 E. coli isolates from 22 stools sampled during a 20-year period from a...
It has been shown that an evolutionary tradeoff between vertical (host growth rate) and horizontal (plasmid conjugation) transmissions contributes to global plasmid fitness. As conjugative IncC plasmids are important for the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR), in a broad range of bacterial hosts, we investigated vertical and horizontal transmissi...
Cattle tracing databases have become major resources for representing demographic processes of livestock and assessing potential risk of infections spreading by trade. The herds registered in these databases are nodes of a network of commercial movements, which can be altered to lower the risk of disease transmission. In this study, we develop an a...
Literature has previously described an evolutionary tradeoff between vertical (host growth rate) and horizontal (plasmid conjugation) transmissions, contributing to global plasmid fitness. As conjugative IncC plasmids are especially important for the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR), in an extremely broad range of bacterial hosts, we investigat...
Background
Functional traits are phenotypic traits that affect an organism’s performance and shape ecosystem-level processes. The main challenge when using functional traits to quantify biodiversity is to choose which ones to measure since effort and money are limited. As one way of dealing with this, Hodgson et al. (Oikos 85:282, 1999) introduced...
Demographic processes that occur at the local level, such as positive density dependence in growth or dispersal, are known to shape population range expansion by linking carrying capacity to invasion speed. As a result of these processes, the advance of an invasion front depends both on populations in the core of the invaded area and on small popul...
The cattle tracing databases set up over the past decades in Europe have become major resources for representing demographic processes of livestock and assessing potential risk of infections spreading by trade. The herds registered in these databases are parts of a network of commercial movements, which can be altered to lower the risk of disease t...
Background
The mechanisms underlying the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are still poorly understood. Although species richness is commonly used as a biodiversity measure, recent studies showed that functional diversity, i.e. the diversity of functional traits, might be a better proxy. Functional traits are defined as ph...
Identifying the factors modulating range expansion is essential to accurately predict changes in the spatial distribution of populations. By preventing population growth after dispersal, Allee effects can lead to front stops in discrete space, called 'pinning' if permanent. However, other mechanisms, such as positive density‐dependent dispersal, ha...
Finding general patterns in the expansion of natural populations is a major challenge in ecology and invasion biology. Classical spatio-temporal models predict that the carrying capacity (K) of the environment should have no influence on the speed (v) of an expanding population. We tested the generality of this statement with reaction-diffusion equ...
The transport of weaned calves from cow-calf producers to fatteners is a general concern for the young bull industry due to its documented negative impact on the welfare, health and performance of the animals. These transfers are often managed by intermediaries who transport weaned calves to sorting centres, where they are grouped into batches befo...
Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are a major concern for the beef cattle industry, as beef calves overwhelmingly develop BRD symptoms during the first weeks after their arrival at fattening units. These cases occur after weaned calves from various cow-calf producers are grouped into batches to be sold to fatteners. Cross-contaminations between cal...
RESUME En vue de leur engraissement, les broutards sont transportés après leur sevrage vers des centres de tri et regroupés en lots de poids vifs similaires. Cette pratique vise à faciliter la conduite alimentaire des jeunes bovins et permettrait d'améliorer et d'homogénéiser leurs performances de croissance. Elle conduit toutefois à d'autres prati...
Phenotypic plasticity is increasingly recognized as a key element of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, but it remains challenging to assess because of its multidimensional nature. Indeed, organisms live in complex environments where numerous factors can impact the phenotypic expression of traits (inter‐environment axis), possess multiple traits that can i...
3D printing is described as the third industrial revolution: its impact is global in industry and progresses every day in society. It presents a huge potential for ecology and evolution, sciences with a long tradition of inventing and creating objects for research, education and outreach. Its general principle as an additive manufacturing technique...
Habitat fragmentation, the conversion of landscapes into patchy habitats separated by unsuitable environments, is expected to reduce dispersal among patches. However, its effects on dispersal should depend on dispersal syndromes, i.e. how dispersal covaries with phenotypic traits, because these syndromes can drastically alter dispersal and subseque...
During the early stages of invasion, the interaction between the features of the invaded landscape, notably its spatial structure, and the internal dynamics of an introduced population has a crucial impact on establishment and spread. By approximating introduction areas as networks of patches linked by dispersal, we characterised their spatial stru...
Supporting information for the article "Its all about connections: hubs and invasion in habitat networks"
The match between the environmental conditions of an introduction area and the preferences of an introduced species is the first prerequisite for establishment. Yet, introduction areas are usually landscapes, i.e. heterogeneous sets of habitats that are more or less favourable to the introduced species. Because individuals are able to disperse afte...
A fundamental challenge in experimental ecology is to capture nonlinearities of ecological responses to interacting environmental drivers. Here, we demonstrate that gradient designs outperform replicated designs for detecting and quantifying nonlinear responses. We report the results of (1) multiple computer simulations and (2) two purpose‐designed...
Finding general patterns in the expansion of natural populations is a major challenge in ecology and invasion biology. Classical spatio-temporal models predict that the carrying capacity ( K ) of the environment should have no influence on the speed ( v ) of an expanding population. We tested the generality of this statement with reaction-diffusion...
The match between the environmental conditions of an introduction area and the preferences of an introduced species is the first prerequisite for establishment. Yet, introduction areas are usually landscapes, i.e. heterogeneous sets of habitats that are more or less favourable to the introduced species. Because individuals are able to disperse afte...
Supplementary material to "Clustered or scattered? The impact of habitat quality clustering on establishment and early spread"
Dispersal is usually associated with the spread of invasive species, but it also has two opposing effects, one decreasing and the other increasing the probability of establishment. Indeed, dispersal both slows population growth at the site of introduction and increases the likelihood of surrounding habitat being colonized. The connectivity of the i...
Identifying the main factors driving introduced populations to establishment is a major challenge of invasion biology. Due to their small initial size, introduced populations are most vulnerable to extinction because of demographic stochasticity or Allee effects. While an increase in initial population size is known to increase establishment succes...
Establishment is an important stage of biological invasions, which corresponds to the formation of a persistent population in the introduction area. It is not trivial, as introduced populations are often small, and subject to various specific mechanisms, which increase extinction risks. The spatial structure of the introduction area, which is usual...
Comprendre les facteurs déterminant le succès ou l’échec des processus invasifs est un objectif majeur en biologie de l’invasion. De nombreux travaux théoriques se sont intéressés aux composantes écologiques et évolutives de ces facteurs. Cependant, les tests d’hypothèses associés à une démarche expérimentale restent rares. La plupart des résultats...
Utilization of microcosms to test invasion biology hypotheses. Understanding the factors underlying establishment and spread of exotic species in order to predict invasion risks is a major goal in invasion biology. Many theoretical studies investigated the ecological and evolutionary components of these factors and their impact on the invasive proc...
Dispersal is a key factor in invasion and in the persistence and evolution of species. Despite the importance of estimates of dispersal distance, dispersal measurement remains a real methodological challenge. In this study, we characterized dispersal by exploiting a specific case of biological invasion, in which multiple introductions in disconnect...