Theresia Betty Sumarno

• PhD in Energy Economics
• Lecturer at Robert Gordon University

Ensuring an inclusive and just transition towards a low-carbon economy has become increasingly important. This paper emphasises the challenges in increasing the extent of women’s participation in the energy transition in ASEAN and G7 countries. In this paper, two research questions are addressed: First, what are the challenges and barriers women fa...

Justice and sustainability are the foundation of fair and equitable biofuel development. Policies and practices are consequently necessary to support a just transition towards a low-carbon economy. Therefore, this study aimed to understand multi-actor perspectives on policies and practices relevant to the just transition in biofuel development. App...

Many countries have increased their climate ambitions, including net-zero by 2060. Gender equality is essential for just energy transition (JET). United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 and 7 promote gender equality and access to sustainable energy for all. Women's participation in JET is crucial, yet they are underrepresented in the e...

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided momentum for the global energy transition and countries, including Indonesia, should take this opportunity to accelerate this process. This paper reviews Indonesian energy subsidy policy failures using the JUST Framework developed by Heffron and McCauley (2018) and the day-watchman approach by Sokołowski (2020). T...

Indonesia's current energy policy, which relies on cheap fossil fuels and focuses on two out of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely, energy security and energy equity, may impede its efforts to higher shares of renewable energy sources. This paper develops three generic models that allow policymakers to analyze the impact of introducing...

This chapter provides ideas on how countries (with a focus on Indonesia as the case study) can achieve energy transitions goals by reattracting CBM investment. How would the government be expected to be involved in the success of CBM development and support investors to provide equitable benefits to society? Issues are defined earlier (in previous...

In the next chapter, the book discusses CBM development in Indonesia a decade on since it started in 2008 and the movement of the country towards a low-carbon economy. This chapter will argue that CBM is known to be a cleaner energy source compared to other fossil fuel such as coal (Bryner, Coalbed Methane Development in the Intermountain West: Pri...

CBM projects are always located onshore, and this chapter discusses how CBM projects have impacted local communities both economically and environmentally. A survey on the local impacts and local community’s expectation was conducted to collect the data for this purpose. This chapter will also elaborate further in terms of energy justice issues, wh...

This chapter concludes the book, exploring in particular the future outlook of the energy transition in Indonesia and what role CBM can play in energy transition and energy sustainability. As such, it will examine the dos and dont’s for the government in developing the clean energy project as a whole and in supporting CBM development in the country...

The next chapter reveals the real issues regarding the development of CBM projects in Indonesia from different stakeholder perspectives including investors, government, and consultants. Categories and classification of issues are developed and explained in this chapter. It also provides an understanding that there are different ways of seeing a pro...

This chapter is about how CBM projects align with the Indonesian Energy Transition Goal. This chapter sets out how CBM projects fit into the goal of increasing clean energy supply in Indonesia with regards to the just transition to a low-carbon economy. Having to tackle climate change, Indonesia has started green energy projects through the develop...

To achieve national energy and climate targets across the world, there is a key focus on solar energy development. It is clear from literature that many countries have enormous, under-utilised potentials for solar energy, which can significantly change their energy mix and contribute to the low-carbon ambitions they signed up to under the 2015 Pari...

Many countries have a clear policy objective of increasing their share of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, a major impediment to higher RES penetration often lies in the historically grown structures of a country's electricity sector. In Indonesia, policymakers have relied on cheap fossil fuels and state control to provide the population w...

Indonesia's current energy policy, which relies on cheap fossil fuels and focuses on two out of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely, energy security and energy equity, may impede its efforts to higher shares of renewable energy sources. This paper develops three generic models that allow policymakers to analyze the impact of introducing...

This book discusses how Coal Bed Methane (CBM) could help the acceleration of the energy transition in a ‘just’ way in Indonesia, due to the country's potential CBM reserves (and current dependence on climate damaging coal). Developing countries face multiple challenges in achieving their energy transitions. CBM in Indonesia could potentially be a...

Indonesia is known as the largest economy in South East Asia and as one of the emerging lower-middle-income countries. Before the pandemic Covid-19, Indonesia forecasted its GDP growth to increase to 5.5% in 2020. However, this never happened following the pandemic it decreased to 2.97% in the first quarter of 2020. This paper focuses on the renewa...

This paper illustrates how to develop a local development strategy in the establishment regulation of regional enterprises in the oil and gas sector in Bojonegoro District, Indonesia. This paper focuses on the locally generated domestic revenue in Bojonegoro, which have believed to be one of the most important strategies in their economic developme...

With 453TCF potential reserves of Coal Bed Methane (CBM), Indonesia signed the first CBM PSC (Net PSC) in 2008. There have been 54 CBM PSCs signed to date. Before starting production, the CBM investor proposes a Plan of Development which includes an economic evaluation of the project. An evaluation of the current PSC shows that projects are not eco...