Theodore Metaxas

• PhD in Regional Development and Planning
• Professor at University of Thessaly

AIM: Medical tourism is a flourishing industry. The study investigates hotel managers’ opinions, attitudes, and perspectives regarding medical tourism policies in the Thessaly Region, Greece. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to December 2021 via an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The study sample consisted of...

AIM: Medical tourism is a flourishing industry. The study investigates hotel managers’ opinions, attitudes, and perspectives regarding medical tourism policies in the Thessaly Region, Greece. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to December 2021 via an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The study sample consisted of...

AIM: Medical tourism is a flourishing industry. The study investigates hotel managers’ opinions, attitudes, and perspectives regarding medical tourism policies in the Thessaly Region, Greece. METHOD: Empirical primary data were collected from May 2020 to December 2021 via an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The study sample consisted of...

Contemporary cities are confronted with shocks and stresses that cause vulnerability both for the cities themselves and for their inhabitants. Historic cities, such as Athens and Rome, experience an annual influx of millions of tourists and visitors, which adds considerable pressure to their historic centres. However, cultural/heritage tourism is a...

This book chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the significant impacts that the Metaverse and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have on the economic development of Traditional Tourism Destinations (TTDs). By employing a narrative literature review methodology, this study integrates multi-disciplinary perspectives, such as technology adoption...

This study investigates the role of multiculturalism in shaping the identity and development of Komotini, Greece, a city with a rich history of coexistence among Greeks, Ottomans, Jews, and Armenians. Conducted between October 2021 and January 2022, the research explored how multiculturalism, perceived both as a policy and a daily reality, contribu...

The aim of this study is to research the financial determinants of bankruptcies for firms belonging exclusively to the economic activity 'hotels and similar accommodation'. The study adopts the stance, that estimations and models focused on specific sectors can be a more precise assessment of firm failure in contrast to generic models that sample f...

Defense is a strategic sector that is closely tied to national security and sovereignty. As such, governments tend to have a strong interest in supporting and developing the defense industry in their countries. This paper aims to investigate and identify to which of the four types of industrial clusters described by Markusen, the Danish Defence Spa...

Intense urbanization creates large cities that are functionally and administratively dependent on the surrounding regions and cities. As the boundaries of cities expand, so do the chronic stresses and sudden shocks they face. To reduce the impact of these threats and increase the safety and well-being of residents, metropolises must become more res...

The study aims to examine the views of local executives and managers in Thessaly, Greece related to the potential profitability of investing in the health tourism industry. Furthermore, the study attempts to shed some light on the factors that affect their views about health tourism investments. The data are collected through self-administered ques...

The present paper discusses the case of the Madrid Nuevo Norte Project (MNNP) in order to examine the relation of this mega-project with the city’s sustainable development. For this reason, the study used a qualitative approach using semi-structural interviews with experts (Madrid’s town hall, Madrid State, and the program management office and oth...

The aim of the study is to identify the financial determinants of firm bankruptcy in the Greek hotel sector for the period of 2010-2020. Combining legal bankruptcy events and financial data from two credible databases, an imbalanced sample occurs with five and a half thousand hotels of which thirteen were declared bankrupt, belonging solely to the...

Empirical corporate failure studies focusing on specific economic activities are increasing in number, as this path can be a more precise investigation of default, although still there is a gap in the literature reviews at the sector level. The purpose of this study is to focus on the hotel sector and isolate the financial determinants linked to ho...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze in first basis, how the International Community, reached the adoption of the SDG’s goals, and to discuss the assets and the problems, the omissions of these goals. Then, this text will give emphasis to the inclusiveness, resilience, safety and sustainability of the cities, and will indicate the extent that th...

Encyclopedia Entry on Topic Review Cite as: Kouroupi, N.; Metaxas, T. Metaverse to Address the Vulnerability of Overtourism. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/45512

Overtourism has become a critical problem in many popular destinations around the world, leading to negative impacts on the environment, local communities, and the quality of the visitor experience. This article explores the potential of the metaverse, a virtual world that combines elements of augmented reality and virtual reality, and other new di...

During the last three years, COVID-19 has had a huge impact on both tourism and culture globally. The function of every kind of cultural activity was inhibited due to curfews in all public spaces, including museums, galleries, monuments, and archeological sites, which were forced to interrupt their operation due to the restrictions that were implem...

The aim of this study was to measure the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism entrepreneurs and business owners in Greece. For that purpose, electronic questionnaires were distributed to 548 tourism professionals coming from the domestic hotel, culinary, and travel agencies sectors. Furthermore, responses came from almost all the major tourist destinatio...

Medical tourism is considered to be one of the most upcoming and profitable markets worldwide. The objective of the study is to examine the potential and challenges of medical tourism in the region of Thessaly from the perspective of healthcare providers. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to December 2021 in all the medical, rehab...

For the tourism industry, the COVID-19 pandemic has acted as an accelerator towards the 4th industrial revolution by creating new and innovative solutions, which have transformed management, finance, planning and opened new avenues for the introduction of innovative sales and marketing technologies. As the tourism industry in Greece faces significa...

International capital flows and the operation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are influenced by several socioeconomic and political factors. Among them, low labor cost is listed among the determinants that attract foreign capital, primarily foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, which in various cases is attributed to unskilled employees, inc...

The phenomenon of firms grouping together has been extensively researched and is commonly known as industrial clusters. There are various ways to categorize these clusters, and in this paper, we adopt Markusen’s classification, which identifies four distinct types of industrial districts: the Marshallian/Italianate type, the hub-and-spoke type, the...

This chapter examines innovative initiatives and technological applications in food & wine tourism, as essential factors for achieving competitiveness and commercial success. To achieve this, the chapter analyses various pioneering, mainly European cases of underwater wineries. Special attention is paid on Gaia Winery and its underwater cellar, whi...

In recent years, a number of countries with emerging economies have proceeded to use market-oriented strategies, deregulation and reforms in order to attract more foreign investors and attract foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The present paper aims to empirically investigate the role of governance in attracting FDI using panel data and comp...

Many touristic enterprises organize and offer staged experiences in order to achieve client sustainability. The present study aims to examine in which extent the environment aesthetics, emotions, experiential participation, price, and authenticity affect the tourist’s experience on Greek cooking classes. Moreover, is examined the effect of tourist’...

This paper aims at presenting the notion of corporate social responsibility in Europe by examining its application in Southern European countries, Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. These major Mediterranean countries, beside the geographical proximity and common features, were at the center of the financial crisis in Europe in 2009. The aforementi...

Purpose Under the Directive 2011/24/EU, medical tourism and cross-border health are interrelated terms regarding the freedom to move to get the most accessible medical treatment into EU Member State within the defined procedures for reimbursement. Little known empirically regarding the efficiency of the cross-border health/medical tourism industry....

This article aims to explore and document the relationship between forms of alternative tourism and economic development. More specifically, the subject of this investigation will be whether a small national economy is able to rely wholly or largely on tourist flows as a source of income and even to invest in a single type of tourism. Alternative f...

Madrid Nuevo Norte (Madrid New North) is an urban redevelopment program applied in the city of Madrid in Spain. Regarding this, the aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, the project examines if the Nuevo Norte project is aligned with the principles of sustainability. Secondly, the paper investigates the impact of Nuevo Norte on the application of...

Madrid Nuevo Norte (Madrid New North) is an urban redevelopment program applied in the city of Madrid in Spain. In relevance with this, the aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, the project examines if Nuevo Norte project is aligned with the principles of sustainability. Secondly, the paper investigates the impact of Nuevo Norte on the application...

The main purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the effect that the image of a place, in our case Greece, can have as a STD in the decision-making process for Spanish tourists’ who will take summer holidays in 2020, amid covid19 pandemic. Data collected between 15th of June and 31st of July after the first wave of Covid-19 outbreak, when t...

As the global tourism industry is under the sway of the novel Coronavirus, and the world still remains with a limited medical capacity to threat the pandemic, with no vaccine and with its only weapon of precautionary measures, masks, gloves, and lockdown, a part of hospitality industry develops new stratagems and applies new tactics to survive the...

As the global tourism industry is under sway of the novel Coronavirus, and the world still remains with a limited medical capacity to threat the pandemic, with no vaccine and with its only weapon of precautionary measures, masks, gloves and lockdown, a part of hospitality industry develops new stratagems and applies new tactics to survive the upcom...

Even though Greece has had an agriculture-oriented economy for decades, recently it has relied heavily on tourism, which now constitutes 30% of the national GDP. Successful developmental synergies of tertiary and primary sectors are still in question. Sustainability practices are still in their infant stage in both sectors of the economy, preventin...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which an epidemic such as 2019-nCoV can affect the global tourism industry and the recording of the first estimates of the damage to world tourism. Countries such as China, where the epidemic began, but also Italy, where new cases are constantly being reported, are no longer tourist destinat...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which an epidemic such as 2019-nCoV can affect the global tourism industry and the recording of the first estimates of the damage to world tourism.

The aim of this paper is to examine the relation between city/urban planning and city marketing / branding procedures through the analysis of Strategic Place Marketing implementation in two Greek cities, Larissa and Kozani. The common objective of both cases was to design and test a methodology based on participatory processes in order to plan acti...

The international allocation of capital flows is determined by various political, institutional, social and financial conditions. Recipient countries proceed to significant reforms in order to increase their attractiveness towards multinational companies and foreign investors. The purpose of the present paper is to empirically examine the determina...

Η αναζήτηση τουριστικών εμπειριών αποτελεί ίσως ένα από τα ισχυρότερα τουριστικά κίνητρα σήμερα. Η «Οικονομία της Εμπειρίας» των Pine and Gilmore επηρέασε σημαντικά όλους τους οικονομικούς κλάδους συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του τουρισμού. Σήμερα πολλές τουριστικές επιχειρήσεις έχουν στραφεί στο σχεδιασμό και προσφορά εμπειριών με σκοπό την διαφοροποίη...

Σκοπός της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι η διεύρυνση της επιστημονικής συζήτησης σχετικά με την αξιοποίηση της πλεονάζουσας δημιουργικής – πολιτιστικής δυναμικής που παρατηρείται σε μεγάλα αστικά κέντρα – τουριστικούς προορισμούς, μέσω ψηφιακών συγκεντρώσεων δημιουργικών – πολιτιστικών πόρων. Η έκρηξη που πυροδοτήθηκε σε ολόκληρο σχεδόν το φάσμα των ο...

Σκοπός της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι η διεύρυνση της επιστημονικής συζήτησης σχετικά με την αξιοποίηση της πλεονάζουσας δημιουργικής-πολιτιστικής δυναμικής που παρατηρείται σε μεγάλα αστικά κέντρα-τουριστικούς προορισμούς, μέσω ψηφιακών συγκεντρώσεων δημιουργικών-πολιτιστικών πόρων. Η έκρηξη που πυροδοτήθηκε σε ολόκληρο σχεδόν το φάσμα των οικονομικ...

Under the Directive 2011/24/EU, medical tourism and cross-border health are interrelated terms regarding the freedom to move to get the most accessible medical treatment into EU Member State within the defined procedures for reimbursement. Little known empirically regarding the efficiency of the cross-border health/medical tourism industry. This st...

This chapter examines innovation as an essential factor for economic competitiveness and success for wine tourism-related enterprises. Wine tourism is a fast-growing niche market worldwide, so there is a great need to better understand how innovation could assist such tourism enterprises. The chapter examines the case of the pioneering Britzikis wi...

This study aims to measure the efficiency of 15 EU health systems when managing cross-border care. The study collected data across the years 2010-2014. The study used output-oriented and constant returns to scale Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with three input and three output variables. DEA model was performed for an across country efficiency com...

Το παρόν πόνημα αποτελεί τη συνέχεια ερευνητικής παρακολούθησης αναφορικά με ένα γεγονός εμπορικού – αγοραστικού ενδιαφέροντος: του ‘Παζαριού της Λάρισας’. Το συγκεκριμένο γεγονός προκαλεί το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον επειδή τελείται αδιάλειπτα για μια ιδιαίτερα μεγάλη σειρά ετών, ενώ ταυτόχρονα συγκεντρώνει αξιοσημείωτο αριθμό επισκεπτών με αυξημένη α...

Le desir des jeunes diplomes de s'expatrier n 'est pas un phenomene nouveau et il concerne une grande partie des pays europeens. La crise economique en Grece semble avoir amplement intensifie ce processus, provoquant des flux de migration aussi bien au sein de l'espace europeen qu'en dehors de ses frontieres. Depuis 2010, le pays est confronte a un...

22. In this study, we propose that in states with relatively weak central authorities, decision-makers had to develop market-oriented organisation solutions to successfully face a grave external threat, and these solutions proved to be efficient. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines institutional theory, history and strategy, we analys...

The environmental policy and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are two notions of high importance for enterprises and nations. Numerous pages have been written about the environmental policy of companies in their CSR reports. Whether it concerns to raise environmental awareness among their employees or local communities or to give in detail the...

Une des facettes essentielles pour l'Union Européenne de l'actuelle crise économique porte sur l'intensification des mouvements de population. Ceux-ci sont multiples dans la mesure où ils concernent aussi bien la migration interne que l'émigration. Quant à cette dernière, il s'agit à la fois de mouvements au sein de l'Union Européenne qu'en dehors...

There is a substantial and growing literature on the emergence of joint–stock companies (Lawson 1993; Bowen 2006; Leeson 2009; Robins 2012; Roy 2012; Kyriazis et al. 2015; Vlami 2015 amongst others) their operations and a discussion of specific aspects, as for example, the principal-agent problem (Carlos 1992; Carlos and Stephen 1996) or their infl...

In the present essay we examine decision-making and choice under direct democracy procedures, focusing on three famous examples: Themistocles’ Naval Law of 483/2 BCE, California’s Proposition 13 on taxation and modern Greece’s referendum of June 2015. They concerned, in a broad sense, the choice between the finance of public good(s) versus the incr...

This research investigates the importance of selected local development policies for SME enterprises in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, just before the beginning of the economic crisis. The research has been implemented by administering questionnaires on a representative sample of 227 enterprises. These enterprises have been selected through a st...

The majority of the Latin American countries proceeded to political, financial and social reforms so as to improve their attractiveness and to absorb more foreign capitals in order to achieve economic growth. Among the developing countries of the region, Peru managed to attract significant amounts of foreign direct investment mostly because of the...

This paper examines the possibility that gastronomy, based on ancient Greek values, could be part of the answer for economic prosperity through the development of food tourism in a country with a harsh economic environment such as Greece. We examine if local food, culture and tourism could become fields of new entrepreneurial and regional developme...

The environmental policy and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are two notions of high importance for enterprises and nations. Numerous pages have been written about the environmental policy of companies in their CSR reports. Whether it concerns to raise environmental awareness among their employees or local communities or to give in detail the...

The paper investigates the importance of territorial features/assets (i.e. agglomeration economies, urban infrastructure, factors of labour and cost, development policies, qualitative factors, inter alia) on small and medium-sized firms’ competitiveness. The analysis uses primary data from 204 small and medium-sized firms located in Thessaloniki (G...

The subject of this study is to determine the competitiveness through an interdisciplinary approach of the theories of the new economic geography and regional economy. This article describes in detail the theory of competitiveness, which is defined differently by many authors, with particular emphasis on opposing views of Michael Porter and Paul Kr...

FDI inflows are a significant form of capital flows mostly towards the developing countries and they decisively affect the host country's economic growth, the macroeconomic stability, the infrastructure and the governmental policy. The present paper focuses on the FDI inflows absorbed by the Central Asian countries, studying the case of Uzbekistan...

This paper investigates the importance of territorial characteristics on small and medium-sized firms’ (SMEs) competitiveness. The main argument arises is that the forces of the external environment, (the combination of) territorial characteristics (such as agglomeration economies, urban infrastructure, labor and cost factors, development policies,...

The majority of the developing economies worldwide use foreign capital inflows so as to achieve economic growth, to enable the host country's productivit and to improve the standard of living. A significant amount of FDI is absorbed by th developing economies of Latin American and Central Asia. The cases of Peru an Uzbekistan are chosen so as to in...

This article aims to explore and document the relationship between forms of alternative tourism and economic development. More specifically, the subject of our investigation will be whether a small national economy is able to rely wholly or largely on tourist flows as a source of income and even to invest in a single type of tourism. Alternative fo...

The aim of this research is to investigate through empirical and primary data the possibility of design and implementation of development policies and partnerships in the South Eastern Europe especially in the areas of Bari and Varna. Specifically, this research is based on data extracted from 183 SMEs firms of all the productive sectors which expr...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of specific local development policies and partnerships for SME enterprises in Thessaloniki one of the metropolis of south Europe. The two main research questions are: first, what are the most important development policies for firms’ development? and second, in what level these p...

In the present paper we analyse the ancient Greek regional proto-federations of free-democratic city-states. We examine their political institutions and policies like common defence, representative federal bodies such as popular assemblies, parliament, state and regional organization, federal finance ministers as well as their economic institutions...

For the last 30 years, place marketing as a strategic process has been in the spotlight, since many places globally use promotion policies to support their images, based on their distinctive characteristics and become competitive among other places. Place marketing based on Strategic Image Management (SIM), starts from the identification of place v...

This paper aims to define public-private partnerships (PPPs) that are considered as a major approach in delivering public infrastructure projects in recent years. The paper analyses PPPs in Southeastern Europe, particularly in Croatia, describing the projects that have been achieved and the efforts of governments to promote the PPPs as alternative...

This paper goes over three big crises with a global resonance which took place in the American economy during the 20th century. Namely, the Bank Panic of 1907, the Great Depression of 1929 and the Savings and Loan Crisis of the 1980s are examined. The paper lists the major events during the crises in question and probes the causes, consequences and...

In their business strategy, companies incorporate their concerns on global environmental problems by setting their principles on sustainability with CSR. An in depth analysis will provide a general view of how European companies express their environmental concerns through green management. A comparative content analysis of European companies is co...

In the modern globalized economy there are some concepts which are very important for the current socio-economic system. One of them is competition. A specific field that competition has spread is geography; i.e. competition among territorial units (cities, regions or states). There are scholars who defend it and scholars who criticize it. This pap...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widespread business topics among the academic community. Various issues like environmental pollution, economic crisis, corruption, poverty are of major importance these days and besides governments and policy makers responsibility it is obvious that corporations are also part of these...

The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint the role of place marketing in the fields of tourism, culture, and business, through the development of place marketing pilot plans (PMPPs) for two places in northern Europe: the city of Rostock in Germany and the region of Kainuu in Finland. Specifically, the analysis is based on the combination of two basi...

Place marketing/ branding has entered some undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in Planning Departments, while many students choose their thesis topic in the field. What are the special requirements for teaching place branding, especially to non marketing related students? Which are the particular difficulties? The authors have been teaching t...

The documentation of the enlargement and transition to the economic growth of European cities from the pole of Central Western Europe known as Blue Banana (London-Milan) to a new frame called Red Octopus which designates the European metropolis as important economic centers of Central East Europe, South Europe and mainly the Iberian Peninsula is th...

The article aims to define the connection between the characteristics of the urban/regional environment and competitiveness of industrial firms. The article introduces the diamond theory of M. Porter, so as to examine this connection through a primary empirical study realised in 168 industrial firms (> 30 employees) in four cities of Southeastern E...

Over the past decades great changes have taken place in the economic environment worldwide regarding the foreign direct investment (F.D.I.). However, some of the developing countries have managed to gain more F.D.I. compared to other developing countries via skills acquisition, competition, exports and imitation. These spillovers channels are used...

In the present paper we propose that in states with relatively weak central authorities, decision makers had to develop market oriented organisation solutions to successfully face a grave external threat, and these solutions proved to be efficient. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines institutional theory, history and strategy, we anal...

The case of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widespread business topics in the academic community. Various issues like environmental pollution, economic crisis, corruption, poverty are of major importance these days and besides governments and politicians' responsibility it is obvious that corporations are also part...

This paper presents a model of path dependence and change and focuses on the gaining of new institutional knowledge. The main thesis is that in 'extraordinary' historical situations the possibility of change increases as a result of external pressure and successful adaptation to it. The model is tested applying it to the case study of seventeenth-c...

In the modern globalized economy there are some concepts which are very important for the current socio-economic system. One of them is competition. Though in classical political economy, the economic realm, with competition as its centerpiece, seems to be carrying it over all other fields, today competition appears as the sole immanent category im...

The purpose of this article is to investigate the case of Bulgaria as a destination for attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). An in depth analysis provides the overall picture as far as the economic level and the development policies that the country followed after 1989, as well as the FDI and the level of the country’s competitiveness level...

Taking as a matter of fact the interest of the international bibliography in the role and importance of the public-private partnerships in the local development, the article looks into the possibility of partnership development between local authorities and firms in Greece. The area of research is Larissa, a very important Greek city at economic an...

The present paper adopts Simons bounded rationality theory in order to explain path dependence of regimes and institutions. Further, we will analyse in a theoretical model the conditions under which path dependence may be broken and new, more efficient institutions that promote growth may emerge. Lastly, we will apply our model to a historical case...

Attracting foreign direct investments (FDI) constitutes one of the primary aims of the regions and cities, globally. In the new internationalized environment, places are characterized by a plurality of efforts to create their images based on their distinctive characteristics, and through this way to attract investments and specialized human resourc...

This paper aims to define the meaning of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of the European framework and examine three different European countries. The main elements which encompass the meaning of CSR focus on activities with social and environmental sensitiveness, on a voluntary basis. The paper analyses the dimensions of CSR a...

The aim of the article is to focus on the especially interesting area of South Europe and to present and points out the strategic development process, in one of the most representative examples of its successful implementation, which is the city of Barcelona. Barcelona, which in the last 20 years, managed to increase its competitiveness becoming on...

The article investigates the importance of urban characteristics or urban assets (agglomeration economies, urban infrastructures, labor and cost factors, development policies, etc.) for firms' competitiveness in Southeastern Europe. The analysis uses primary data from 310 small and medium sized firms in Southeastern Europe. We used factor and clust...

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the importance of the combination of the global promotion of the image of the Alonnisos National Marine Park through place marketing procedures. The main source used is a research program carried out by the Laboratory of Tourism Planning, Research and Policy from the Department of Planning and Regional Develo...

This paper investigates place marketing and strategic planning processes in the case of Malta Island as a competitive tourist destination. The paper focuses on the main ingredients that compose the marketing and strategic planning performance and presents the repositioning process of Malta's image in the international tourism market. The paper conc...

The new economic and social structural changes, both on international and European level, have influenced the cities' profile by creating high level competitiveness and attractiveness within various cities. This fact leads to the conclusion that we are standing before a new form of competition, where the cities are trying to attract investments aim...

The article attempts to illustrate the significance of the existence of co-operation and in tandem development of an urban dipole, as well as the impact of such a dipole development on each of the two cities and on the greater region they belong. For this reason, the article focuses on a specific case of two medium size cities in Greece, Larissa an...

Purpose: The main purpose is the presentation of a Place Marketing Pilot Plan (PMPP) for the city of Chester and its unique canal. This plan was produced in the context of the INTERREG IIIc project CultMark (Cultural Heritage, Local Identity and Place Marketing for Sustainable Development). The PMPP is based on the Strategic Planning process, alway...

Public relations constitute one of the core tools of place marketing. The aim of this paper is to analyse a proposed Public Relations Plan (PRP) for the region of Kainuu, Finland. This plan is strategic and focuses on the effective communication with all the actors that are active in Kainuu, aiming also to contribute to its sustainable tourism deve...

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative evaluation of the implementation of place marketing policies in Europe. The cities that are examined are Glasgow, Lisbon and Prague. The evaluation uses data from particular promotion and strategic plans that each city planned in order to promote its image to the potential target markets effecti...

European regions and cities have been, especially during the last twenty years, characterised by a plurality of efforts to define their vision, to construct their identity and to shape their images, in order to become more attractive (to visitors, new residents and businesses) and, consequently, competitive, and also to increase their market share...

The main aim of this paper is to present the various dimensions of the City Marketing Pilot Plan (CMPP) for Nea Ionia. This text focuses on the provision of a marketing plan guide, in order that the multidimensional image of Nea Ionia is effectively promoted. Ιt includes the processes of Place/ Distribution and Promotion, and the larger part focuse...