Theodore Eliades

University of Zurich | UZH · Klinik für Kieferorthopädie und Kinderzahnmedizin

Background: High-pull headgear with fixed appliances is a common therapeutic plan in class II growing individuals, especially in those with a tendency to hyperdivergence. The stability of this approach has not been adequately assessed in the long-term. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess that long-term stability by means of lateral c...

Objective: The growth and development of the mandible strongly depend on modeling changes occurring at its ramus. Here, we investigated covariance patterns between the morphology of the ramus and the rest of the face. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 159 adults (55 males and 104 females) with no history of orthodontic treatment were collected. G...

Objective To assess the pain profile of patients in the levelling/alignment phase of orthodontic treatment, as reported from randomized clinical trials. Materials and methods Five databases were searched in September 2022 for randomized clinical trials assessing pain during levelling/alignment with a visual analogue scale (VAS). After duplicate st...

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate changes in palatal shape after orthodontic treatment from a borderline sample of extraction and nonextraction patients with a Class I relationship. Methods: A borderline sample regarding premolar extractions was obtained through discriminant analysis and comprised 30 nonextraction and 23 extraction pati...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and thermal properties in the anterior and posterior segments of new and retrieved specimens of a commercially available multizone superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire. Methods: The following groups of 0.016 × 0.022-inch Bioforce NiTi archwires were compared: a) anterior and b) poster...

Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising manufacturing technique for fabricating ceramic brackets. The aim of this research was to assess fundamental mechanical properties of in-office, 3D printed ceramic brackets. Materials and methods: 3D-printed zirconia brackets, commercially available polycrystalline alumina cer...

Objective: To assess the surface roughness of in-house 3D-printed orthodontic aligners compared to Invisalign® appliances, both retrieved as well as in the 'as-received' control status. Design: An in vitro study following intra-oral material aging. Setting and participants: Twelve clinically used Invisalign® appliances and the same number of 3...

Purpose: To assess mandibular incisor inclination after leveling the curve of Spee (CoS) in patients treated with fixed appliances. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study, which included 80 consecutive patients with a mild CoS treated without extraction but with various biomechanical approaches. The depth of CoS was digitally meas...

Background The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three aligner cleaners on the composition and mechanical properties of two types of orthodontic aligners. Materials and methods The cleaners tested were two alkaline peroxide solutions (Retainer Brite—RB; Retainer Cleaner—RC) and one peroxide-free (Steraligner—ST) and the aligners Cl...

Purpose: To identify and assess any changes in the pulp tissue complex following orthodontic force application. Materials and methods: Published and unpublished literature was searched in seven databases until 9 August 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective trials (nR-PCT). Representative key words included 'pulp response',...

Objectives: Interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) is routinely used in orthodontics to generate small to moderate amounts of space within the dental arch. Aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of two different IPR systems on the enamel surface's waviness, roughness, and elemental composition after 6 months of intraoral exposure. Mat...

Aim To quantitatively assess the degree of conversion and the water-leaching targeted compound from 3D-printed aligners. Materials and methods 3D-printed aligners were made of photopolymerized resin (Tera Harz TC85A). The molecular structure and degree of conversion of the set resin were investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (n = 5). The aligners...

Objectives Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising technique for fabricating custom orthodontic metallic appliances. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraoral aging on the mechanical / electrochemical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic metallic appliances. Methods Twelve molar orthodontic distalization appliances...

Purpose Adequate control of the vertical dimension is of great importance in orthodontic treatment. Although existing evidence is very limited, extraction of four premolars is thought to contribute towards improved control of anterior facial height compared with non-extraction treatment protocols. Thus, the aim of this retrospective cohort study wa...

PURPOSE Adequate control of the vertical dimension is of great importance in orthodontic treatment. Although existing evidence is very limited, extraction of four premolars is thought to contribute towards improved control of anterior facial height compared with non-extraction treatment protocols. Thus, the aim of this retrospective cohort study wa...

Introduction Orthodontic aligners printed with in-office 3-dimensional (3D) procedures have been described, but no data on their biocompatibility exist. This study investigates the cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of a 3D-printed orthodontic aligner by assessing its biological and behavioral effects. Methods Ten sets of 1 type of aligner were immers...

Objectives To record the proportion of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) reporting significant (versus non- significant) primary outcomes, published across 12 high impact journals in Dentistry, covering 6 specialty domains. Associations with certain journal, publication and outcome characteristics were examined. Methods We identified and include...

Background: Facial aesthetics is a major motivating factor for undergoing orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To ascertain-by means of artificial intelligence (AI)-the influence of dental alignment on facial attractiveness and perceived age, compared to other modifications such as wearing glasses, earrings, or lipstick. Material and methods: Fo...

Aim: To assess whether the efficacy of external tooth bleaching differs between untreated and orthodontically treated teeth. Materials and method: Three groups of subjects were formed; group Debonded included 24 consecutive orthodontically treated patients evaluated immediately after removal of fixed appliances. The Retention group included 24 c...

Objectives Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is an emerging manufacturing process for many orthodontic appliances, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of resin-based materials as alternatives for the in-house preparation of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods Two types of 3D printed resins used for t...

Aim: To assess the frequency and quantity of interproximal contact loss (ICL) between implant restorations and adjacent teeth after at least 10 years of follow-up (FU). Methods: Thirty-nine patients (median age 57.3 years) with 80 implants were re-examined at least 10 years after insertion of final restorations (single-crowns or fixed dental pro...

Aim The aim of this international survey was to assess knowledge concerning the design, conduct, critical appraisal and synthesis of clinical studies among senior orthodontic postgraduate residents. Materials and methods Senior postgraduate residents from four universities in Europe and the United States were invited to complete a custom questionn...

Objective The purpose of this investigation of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins was to identify the genetic and environmental component to the facial soft tissue growth. Settings and Sample Population The sample consisted of 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male, 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male, 23 female) from the...

Purpose: To identify and assess differences in oral hygiene parameters in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners compared to fixed appliances. Materials and methods: Published and unpublished literature was searched in seven databases until May 31st 2021. Representative keywords included 'orthodontic aligner', 'fixed appli...

Objective Aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners among different commercially available 3D printing devices. Materials and Methods Five 3D printers (Ka:rv LP 550, Swinwon; “KAR”), (L120, Dazz 3D; “L12”), (MiiCraft 125, Miicraft Jena; “MIC”), (Slash 2, Uniz; “SLS”) and (Pro 95, SprintRay; “PRO”) were used...

PURPOSE Orthodontic fixed appliances have been proven to be effective in treating a wide variety of malocclusions, and different types of appliances have emerged during recent decades. However, the comparative effects of different appliances have not been adequately assessed. Thus, the aim was to assess the occlusal outcome of orthodontic treatment...

The aim of the present study was to systematically assess existing evidence on the possible association between chronic endodontic infections and cardiovascular disease (CVD). An electronic database search was implemented until 2 October 2020. The main outcome was risk of CVD diagnosis. Risk of bias was assessed through the ROBINS-I tool, while ran...

Background: SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation) is a shape invariant growth curve model that effectively summarizes somatic growth in puberty. Aim: To apply the SITAR model to longitudinal mandibular growth data to clarify its suitability to facial growth analysis. Subjects and methods: 2D-cephalometric data on two mandibular m...

Aim To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of periodontal-orthodontic treatment of teeth with pathological tooth flaring, drifting and elongation in patients with severe periodontitis on the dental and periodontal tissues. Materials and methods Nine databases were searched in April 2020 for randomized/non-randomized clinical studies. After d...

Aim To evaluate the effect of the cervical headgear on the development of obstructive sleep apnoea and subsequent alterations of oropharyngeal dimensions. Materials and method An electronic database search of published and unpublished literature was performed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic...

Aim To characterise the mechanical properties and galvanic coupling of Ni-free orthodontic brackets with stainless steel (SS) and Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires. Methods Three Ni-free bracket types (Topic [TOP], Equilibrium [EQU] and Orthos [ORT] made of Ni-free alloys), one conventional (Mini 2000 [MIN]) made of SS alloy and an SS and a...

Objective To evaluate all available evidence on the prediction of rotational tooth movements with aligners. Data sources Seven databases of published and unpublished literature were searched up to 4 August 2020 for eligible studies. Data selection Studies were deemed eligible if they included evaluation of rotational tooth movement with any type...

Aim To assess the representation of female authors in senior and leading positions in orthodontic research publications, as well as the fraction of women participating in the publication reports, for over a decade. In addition, association of women representation in orthodontic research and characteristics such as journal of publication, year, stud...

Objective: To investigate alterations in the mechanical properties of in-house three-dimensional (3D) printed orthodontic aligners after intraoral ageing. Materials and methods: Sixteen 3D-printed aligners (TC-85DAC resin, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) were used for the purpose of the study, which were divided into 10 control (not used) aligners and 6 m...

Objectives Mandibular collum fractures among growing patients can lead to abnormal growth, function, esthetics, and ultimately quality of life. Among the proposed treatment alternatives, orthopedic treatment with functional appliances has been suggested, with encouraging results. Aim of the present systematic review was to critically appraise exist...

Background Even though treatment of Class II malocclusion with premolar extractions and incisor retraction might affect incisor inclination and soft tissue profile, the effects of bracket prescription on this have not been thoroughly assessed. Methods Fifty patients (mean age: 13.6 years; 34% male) receiving extraction-based treatment with either...

Aim: To assess the prevalence of and identify factors associated with SPIN in abstracts of orthodontic meta-analyses. Materials and methods: Electronic search was performed within the contents of five orthodontic journals and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) to identify meta-analyses of studies involving humans, from 1 January...

Objectives To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyz...

Purpose Orthodontic fixed appliances have been proven to be effective in treating a wide variety of malocclusions, and different types of appliances have emerged during recent decades. However, the comparative effects of different appliances have not been adequately assessed. Thus, the aim was to assess the occlusal outcome of orthodontic treatment...

The use of aligners has grown in parallel with patients’ demand for invisible esthetic orthodontic appliances. Thermoplastic aligners have high levels of patient acceptance due to their relatively better aesthetics compared to conventional brackets. This results in the color stability and transparency of the thermoplastic material used for clear al...

The present study aims to assess the initial bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on different aligner materials. A total of four different aligner materials, CA-medium (CAM), copolyester (COP), Duran (DUR), Erkodur (ERK), were tested. Stimulated human saliva was obtained from six healthy volunteers. Salivary bacteria were harvested by centrifu...

Aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of orthopedic treatment for Class II malocclusion with Functional Appliances (FAs) on the dimensions of the upper airways. Eight databases were searched up to October 2020 for randomized or nonrandomized clinical studies on FA treatment of Class II patients with untreated control groups. After...

Purpose: To assess the knowledge of postgraduate dental students about evidence-based methodology pertaining to the design, conduct, and critical appraisal of clinical trials. Materials and methods: Senior postgraduate students were surveyed from the dental schools of three universities in Athens (Greece), Boston (USA), and Zürich (Switzerland)....

Objectives: Adults with fixed orthodontic appliances are increasing nowadays. Compared with adolescents, adults present biological differences that might influence treatment duration. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents. Materials and methods: Eight databases w...

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effect on the upper airways of orthopedic treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion with untreated controls. Nine databases were searched up to August 2020 for randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials comparing orthopedic Class III treatment (facemask or chin-cup) to untreated Class III pat...

Background: Cyclic tensile stretching (CTS) induces osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). On the other hand, increased concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are found in inflammatory conditions, leading to periodontal disease and tooth loss. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the short- and long...

The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to identify and rank the effectiveness of different interventions used in dental practice to reduce microbial load in aerosolized compounds. Seven electronic databases were searched to April 6, 2020, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized prospective studies in the fi...

Objective The characterisation of surface roughness and energy of contemporary thermoplastic materials used in manufacturing of orthodontic aligners. Design In vitro, laboratory study. Materials and methods Four commercially available thermoplastic materials were selected (CA-medium/CAM, Essix-copopyester/COP, Duran/DUR and Erkodur/ERK). Five dis...

Orthodontic treatment with sequential aligners has seen a considerable surge in the last decades, and is currently used to treat malocclusions of varying severity. To enhance tooth movement and broaden the spectrum of malocclusions that can be treated with aligners, composite resin attachments are routinely bonded with the acid-etch technique on mu...

The purpose of this critical review is to list the sources of aerosol production during orthodontic standard procedure, analyze the constituent components of aerosol and their dependency on modes of grinding, the presence of water and type of bur, and suggest a method to minimize the quantity and detrimental characteristics of the particles compris...

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is one of the most frequently performed operations in orthognathic surgery. The health of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important prerequisite for its functionality. The aim of this finite element study was to assess the developed stresses during mouth opening after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Di...

Composite dust generation is most likely a continuous and daily procedure in dental practice settings. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, compile and evaluate existing evidence on interventions and composite material properties related to the production of aerosolized dust during routine dental procedures. Seven electronic databases...

The aim of this study was to estimate possible differences in the chemical composition and relaxation of orthodontic aligner materials. Four commercially available thermoplastic materials CAM (Scheu-Dental, Iserlohn, Germany), COP (Essix, Dentsply Raintree Essix Sarasota,FL, USA), DUR (Great Lakes Dental Technologies, Tonawanda, NY) and ERK (Erkode...

Use of thermoplastic material in orthodontics, either as aligner or as retainer appliances, is common practice and is likely to increase in the years to come. However, no systematic assessment on safety considerations of these adjuncts has been implemented up to date. The aim of this systematic review was to collectively appraise the existing evide...

Background: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess long-term occlusal changes at debond and a median of 8 years afterwards (in retention) with the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) objective grading system and identify risk factors. Materials and method: Fifty patients (median age: 14.3 years at debond; 60% female) treated w...

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can cause osseous deformity in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and may impair mandibular growth. This study aimed to evaluate whether facial asymmetry determined clinically or by morphometric analysis of three-dimensional (3D) photographs in JIA patients is associated with an asymmetric affection o...

Background: Although ceramic brackets have been extensively used for decades in orthodontics there is not till today any study focusing on the possible deterioration of mechanical properties after in vivo ageing. Objectives: To determine whether the mechanical properties of alumina orthodontic brackets change after intraoral ageing thereby asses...

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (wit...

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (wit...