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Hôpital Cochin (Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre) · Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie

Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a functional myeloid cell subset that includes myeloid cells with immune suppressive properties. The presence of MDSC has been reported in the peripheral blood of patients with several malignant and non-malignant diseases. So far, direct comparison of MDSC across different diseases and Centers...

Many pathogens, ranging from viruses to multicellular parasites, promote expansion of MDSCs, which are myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive features. The roles of MDSCs in infection depend on the class and virulence mechanisms of the pathogen, the stage of the disease, and the pathology associated with the infection. This work compiles evid...

Associations between HLA class I alleles and HIV progression in populations exhibiting Amerindian and Caucasian genetic admixture remain understudied. Using univariable and multivariable analyses we evaluated HLA associations with five HIV clinical parameters in 3,213 HIV clade B-infected, ART-naïve individuals from Mexico and Central America (MEX/...

Table S1. Characteristics of the patients from the four distinct cohorts. Table S2. Comparison of the levels of sDDP4 in HIV controllers (HIC) compared to those in healthy donors (HD) and other HIV‐infected individuals.

Figure S1. Sequences of the PCR amplicons for three species (human, AGM, MAC). Figure S2. Comparison of enzymatic activity of sDPP4 in plasma compared to the absolute concentration of sDDP4 qualified in the same samples. Figure S3. Soluble DPP4 activity and concentration in blood during primary HIV‐1 infection in patients with distinct disease pr...

Introduction Combined anti‐retroviral therapy (cART) transformed HIV‐1 from a deadly disease into a chronic infection, but does not cure HIV infection. It also does not fully restore HIV‐induced gut damage unless administered extremely early after infection. Additional biomarkers are needed to evaluate the capacity of therapies aimed at HIV remissi...

HIV-1 causes chronic inflammation and AIDS in humans, whereas related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) replicate efficiently in their natural hosts without causing disease. It is currently unknown to what extent virus-specific properties are responsible for these different clinical outcomes. Here, we incorporate two putative HIV-1 virulence d...

HIV circumvents HLA class I-restricted CD8⁺ T-cell responses through selection of escape mutations that leave characteristic mutational "footprints," also known as HLA-associated polymorphisms (HAPs), on HIV sequences at the population level. While many HLA footprints are universal across HIV subtypes and human populations, others can be region spe...

Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in antiviral immunity, but knowledge of their function in secondary lymphoid organs is incomplete. Lymph node follicles constitute a major viral reservoir during infections with HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac). In contrast, during nonpathogenic infection with SIV from Afr...

Elevated blood CXCL10/IP-10 levels during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) were described as an independent marker of rapid disease onset, more robust than peak viremia or CD4 cell nadir. IP-10 enhances the recruitment of CXCR3+ cells, which include major HIV-target cells, raising the question if it promotes the establishment of viral reservoirs. We a...

The supplementary information includes the methods used for the statistical analysis of the parameters evaluated in the present study. The tables show the characteristics of the cohorts as well as the correlations between inflammatory markers and HIV-DNA and IP-10. Supplementary Figures section provides supporting graphical evidence of levels of in...

HIV-1/SIVmac infections deeply disturb innate host responses. Most studies have focused on the impact on dendritic cells and NK cells. A few but insufficient data are available on other innate immune cell types, such as neutrophils. It has been shown that innate lymphoid cells are depleted early and irreversibly during SIVmac/HIV-1 infections. Stud...

An ideal model for HIV-1 research is still unavailable. However, infection of non-human primates (NHP), such as macaques, with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) recapitulates most virological, immunological and clinical hallmarks of HIV infection in humans. It has become the most suitable model to study the mechanisms of transmission and physiopa...

HLA-B*35 has consistently been associated with rapid HIV disease progression, particularly alleles of the Px group. As B*35 is the most prevalent HLA-B in Mexico, we investigated HIV disease outcome in relation to HLA expression in a large cohort (n = 976) of Mexicans. Contrary to the previous studies, no impact on viral load or CD4(+) R cell count...

Early antiretroviral treatment (ART), haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), and long-term immune suppression are promising strategies for control of HIV infection, which could potentially allow ART interruption. Here we discuss a patient with HIV infection who received early intensified ART and underwent HSCT for aplastic anaemia.