Terry Griswold

United States Department of Agriculture | USDA · Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

To date, the knowledge of bee diversity in the Baja California Peninsula has primarily relied on large, sporadic expeditions from the first half of the 20th century. To address the knowledge gaps, we conducted extensive fieldwork from 2019 to 2023, visited entomological collections in Mexico and USA, and accessed digital databases and community sci...

Arctomecon californica, the Las Vegas bear poppy, is a rare plant found only in the eastern Mojave Desert of North America. Because of recent declines in the populations of this endemic plant, conservationists are currently seeking protection for A. californica under the US Endangered Species Act. In this study, we investigated the natural history...

We report on the rediscovery of Megachile parksi, a leafcutter bee ranked "possibly extinct" (GH) by NatureServe, at Little Sahara State Park in Oklahoma in June, 2022. We collate available records of this seldom collected species and discuss its putative natural history, as well as the conservation of subgenus Megachiloides more generally.

The Mojave poppy bee, Perdita meconis Griswold (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Andrenidae), is a species of conservation concern that is restricted to the eastern Mojave Desert of North America. It is a specialist pollinator of two poppy genera, Arctomecon and Argemone (Papaveraceae), and is being considered for listing under the US Endangered Species Ac...

Species occurrence data are foundational for research, conservation, and science communication, but the limited availability and accessibility of reliable data represents a major obstacle, particularly for insects, which face mounting pressures. We present BeeBDC, a new R package, and a global bee occurrence dataset to address this issue. We combin...

NOTE: This manuscript and the package behind it are still undergoing tests and development. Once these are complete and a final version is accepted we will update the input data, package versions, and rerun all queries (values will change). Please contact James for further queries of collaborations in the meantime. Abstract: Species occurrence da...

Native bee species in the United States provide invaluable pollination services. Concerns about native bee declines are growing, and there are calls for a national monitoring program. Documenting species ranges at ecologically meaningful scales through coverage completeness analysis is a fundamental step to track bees from species to communities. I...

Bees visiting Penstemon caryi in Wyoming

Gynandromorphs are individuals that exhibit aspects of both males and females simultaneously and are the most commonly reported sexual anomalies in bees. We describe the first known specimen of a gynandromorph of the specialist pollinator Florilegus condignus (Cresson, 1878) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini) collected in an agricultural field in nort...

This is the third of four phases planned for Exotic Bee ID. In addition to all the resources for genera of the family Megachilidae, species of Apis, and subgenera and species of Anthidium and Osmia from Editions 1 and 2, the third edition now includes: • 2 new Lucid keys; • 84 fact sheets for subgenera of Ceratina and Megachile ; • over 420 new ima...

The Palaearctic complex of anthidiine bees closely related to Pseudoanthidium scapulare has long been a source of unresolved taxonomic and systematic issues. Until now, the number of species in the complex and their geographical distributions were largely unclear, thus complicating the compilation of accurate species checklists and hindering conser...

The genus Eoanthidium though not species-rich has a wide distribution that extends over the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Indomalayan regions. The species of the Middle East are here revised and their distribution evaluated in this zoogeographic hub between these three realms. Eoanthidium afroarabicum Kasparek & Griswold sp. nov. was found to have...

The carder bee genus Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898, is revised from China. Eight species are confirmed to occur in China, including three new species: Pseudoanthidium (Pseudoanthidium) yanruae Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., P. (P.) kunesense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., P. (P.) chenggongense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov. There is also one new generic assignment and synonymy: A...

Noctuid pests, including tobacco budworm (Chloridea virescens (Fab.)) and bollworm (Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)), are significant pests of southern row crops including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Moench.). This pest complex is seasonally monitored through Hartstack traps that are baited with synthe...

One of the most important non-Apis groups of bees for agriculture is the mason bee subgenus Osmia Panzer (Osmia), or Osmia s.s. (Hymenoptera: Megachili-dae). Out of the 29 known species, four have been developed as managed pollinators of orchards. In addition, the group is important as a source of non-native pollinators, given that several species...

North America has more than 4000 bee species, yet we have little information on the health, distribution, and population trends of most of these species. In the United States, what information is available is distributed across multiple institutions, and efforts to track bee populations are largely uncoordinated on a national scale. An overarching...

Incongruence among phylogenetic results has become a common occurrence in analyses of genome-scale data sets. Incongruence originates from uncertainty in underlying evolutionary processes (e.g. incomplete lineage sorting) and from difficulties in determining the best analytical approaches for each situation. To overcome these difficulties, more stu...

The Chinese bees of the genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1804, are reviewed. Twenty-one species are confirmed to occur in China, five of which are described and illustrated as new Chinese endemics: Anthidium (Anthidium) pseudomontanum Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) pseudophilorum Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) tasitiense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., A. (A.) xuezhong...

Landscape-scale bark beetle outbreaks alter forest structure with direct and indirect effects on plants and animals in forest ecosystems. Using alpine spruce forest and a native bee community as a study system, we tested how tree mortality from bark beetles impacts bee foraging habitats and populations. Bees were collected across the growing season...

The subgenus Ceratina (Rhysoceratina) Michener has been known largely from southern South America, registered in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil, with a single species, C. (Rhysoceratina) nitidifrons, from the Eastern Llanos of Colombia. Here we describe and illustrate females and males of a new species, Ceratina (Rhysoceratina) ma...

Native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) were sampled using bee bowls in two states to determine biodiversity in commercial cotton fields of the southern United States. In both states, native bee communities found in cotton fields were dominated by generalist pollinators in the genera Agapostemon, Augochloropsis, Halictus, and Lasioglossum (Hymenopter...

Efforts to understand activity patterns of bees, our most important pollinators, often rely on opportunistically collected museum records to model temporal shifts or declines. This type of data, however, may not be suitable for this purpose given high spatiotemporal variability of native bee activity. By comparing phenological metrics calculated fr...

Here we present a checklist of the bee species found on the C. Hart Merriam elevation gradient along the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona. Elevational gradients can serve as natural proxies for climate change, replacing time with space as they span multiple vegetation zones over a short geographic distance. Describing the distribution of bee...

Bees play a critical role in both agricultural and natural ecosystems, but some bee populations are in decline due to habitat loss, pesticides, parasites and pathogens, and the introduction of non-native species, including bees. Exotic Bee ID was designed and developed as a screening aid to help those that monitor and intercept non-native bees in t...

Drylands worldwide are experiencing ecosystem state transitions: the expansion of some ecosystem types at the expense of others. Bees in drylands are particularly abundant and diverse, with potential for large compositional differences and seasonal turnover across ecotones. To better understand how future ecosystem state transitions may influence b...

A new subgenus of Chelostoma Latreille is established for the New World group historically placed in Foveosmia Warncke. These species, placed herein in Neochelostoma Engel & Griswold, new subgenus, are differentiated from the Palearctic Foveosmia and a modified key is provided to the subgenera of Chelostoma.

We report the first records of Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Illinois and Minnesota in 2016 and 2018, respectively. This represents a relatively rapid expansion since P. nanum was first detected in New Jersey in 2008. In order to help monitor the spread of this bee, we provide information on how to identify P. nanum...

Pollen is the primary protein and nutrient source for bees and they employ many different behaviors to gather it. Numerous terms have been coined to describe pollen gathering behaviors, creating confusion as many are not clearly-defined or overlap with existing terms. There is a need for a clear yet flexible classification that enables accurate, su...

Drylands worldwide are experiencing ecosystem state transitions: the expansion of some ecosystem types at the expense of others. Bees in drylands are particularly abundant and diverse, with potential for large compositional differences and seasonal turnover across ecotones. To better understand how future ecosystem state transitions may influence b...

This revision of the bee genus Bathanthidium Mavromoustakis, 1953, treats 12 species, with 11 recorded from China, including Bathanthidium fengkaiense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov.. Two species are proposed as new combinations in genus Bathanthidium: Anthidium (s. str.) bicolor Wu, 2004, A. (s. str.) monganshanensis Wu, 2004. The two new combinations (B. bic...

The Chinese bees of the genus Trachusa Panzer, 1804 are reviewed. Nine species are confirmed to occur in China. Three new species are described and illustrated: Trachusa (Paraanthidium) pingdaensis Niu, sp. nov., T. (P.) staabi Niu, sp. nov. and T. (P.) wuae Niu, sp. nov. The distribution of each species is given. An illustrated key to the Chinese...

Over three years (2013-2015), we sampled bees using nets and bowl traps on four diversified vegetable farms in Gallatin County, Montana, USA, as part of a study evaluating the use of wildflower strips for supporting wild bees and crop pollination services on farmlands (Delphia et al. In prep). We document 202 species and morphospecies from 32 gener...

Thousands of species of bees are in global decline, yet research addressing the ecology and status of these wild pollinators lags far behind work being done to address similar impacts on the managed honey bee. This knowledge gap is especially glaring in natural areas, despite knowledge that protected habitats harbor and export diverse bee communiti...

Names, locations, and descriptions of initial (2011–12) sampling of long-term bee monitoring study plots at Pinnacles National Park. (PDF)

Floral taxa visited by bees at Pinnacles National Park (unique groups, identified to lowest possible level), and their relative popularity by year. Plants are marked with “R” for rare if bee visits were fewer than 10 in that year, with “U” for uncommon if bee visits ranged between 10–100, and “C” for common when over 100 bees were collected on that...

Relationship between floral richness (FR) and either (a) bee richness (BR) or (b) bee abundance (BA, square-root transformed) at the plot-sample level (N = 150) within Pinnacles National Park (2011–12). Shown with power-law model (black line; (a) BR = exp(2.79 + 0.38*log(FR)); R2 = 0.37, p<0.01; (b) BA = exp(2.26 + 0.23*log(FR)); R2 = 0.16, p<0.01)...

Metadata and additional data files. All data contributing to analyses presented in this manuscript that are not already included within tables above are shared in a zip file, along with a metadata document that details the meaning of each column, row, and variable name and which figure or table that data was used to create. This information, along...

Full Pinnacles National Park bee species list, with relative abundance for each of seven collection years, proportion of years collected, and status as new (N) to or absent (A) from the current study. Species are marked "S" for Singleton if only one specimen was collected, "R" for Rare if N≤10, and “C” for Common if N>10. Dashed vertical line marks...

Interest in bees has grown dramatically in recent years in light of several studies that have reported widespread declines in bees and other pollinators. Investigating declines in wild bees can be difficult, however, due to the lack of faunal surveys that provide baseline data of bee richness and diversity. Protected lands such as national monument...

Specimen data for all bees from the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Data include specimen information, collection location information, and information about the floral hosts.

A list of all identified bee specimens collected in Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument between 2000 and 2003 Bees are arranged by family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and finally species. New species (n. sp.) are those that differ from all published keys and are unique after comparison with all specimens located at the U.S. National Pollina...

Anthophora (Micranthophora) comprises the largest subgenus of Anthophora in the Western Hemisphere, with 26 species. Though previously synonymized with the Anthophora (Heliophila), A. (Micranthophora) is here confirmed as a subgenus, morphological and multi-gene molecular phylogenetic evidence refute this and the synonymy of A. (Micranthophora) to...

Thousands of species of bees are in global decline, yet research addressing the ecology and status of these wild pollinators lags far behind work being done to address similar impacts on the managed honey bee. This knowledge gap is especially glaring in natural areas, despite knowledge that protected habitats harbor and export diverse bee communiti...

Leaf-cutter bees (genus Megachile Latreille) are among the most common and diverse group of bees. However, the identity and taxonomic placement of many species are problematic and species identification is often difficult. Some species are known only from a single specimen or from one of the sexes, and identification keys are not available for many...

Wild bees that were collected in conjunction with a larger study are presented as a checklist of species for the Northern Rockies Ecoregion of Montana, USA. Over the course of four field seasons (2013-2016), 281 species and morphospecies in 32 genera and five families were collected using insect nets, and identified. This paper addresses the distin...

The Afrotropical bee genus Cyphanthidium Pasteels is revised. It comprises four species. Cyphanthidium gessorum, new species, and Cyphanthidium whiteheadi, new species, are described as well as the previously unknown female of Cyphanthidium intermedium. A key for identifying the species is given. Supplemental information is provided on the recently...

The Eucera complex (Apidae: Eucerini), which traditionally included the genus Eucera and a few other related genera comprises a large complex in which generic boundaries have long remained unsettled. Based on comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, a recent study completely reorganized the generic classification of the group. Unexpectedly, both morpho...

The Eucera complex (Apidae: Eucerini), which traditionally included the genus Eucera and a few other related genera comprises a large complex in which generic boundaries have long remained unsettled. Based on comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, a recent study completely reorganized the generic classification of the group. Unexpectedly, both morpho...

The Eucera complex (Apidae: Eucerini), which traditionally included the genus Eucera and a few other related genera comprises a large complex in which generic boundaries have long remained unsettled. Based on comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, a recent study completely reorganized the generic classification of the group. Unexpectedly, both morpho...

Presenta información sobre el conocimiento actual de la fauna de abejas de Mesoamérica, analizando las areas de las que se tiene mas información y que sitios requieren ser mejor estudiados.

The native bee fauna of Mississippi, USA has been historically poorly sampled, but is of particular relevance to determine range limits for species that occur in the southern United States. Currently published literature includes 184 species of bees that occur within the state of Mississippi. Additions to the list of native bees known for Mississip...

Here we present the results from a two-year bee survey conducted on 18 managed emergent wetlands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas, USA. Sample methods included pan traps, sweep netting and blue-vane traps. We document 83 bee species and morphospecies in 5 families and 31 genera, of which 37 species represent first published stat...