Terry Grande

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Loyola University Chicago

Synopsis Zeiformes (dories, tinselfishes, and oreos) are primarily benthopelagic acanthomorph fishes, distributed between 50 and 1000 m depth on continental slopes and on flanks of oceanic islands and seamounts. Among the interesting morphological adaptations of zeiform fishes are their unique and highly protrusible jaws involving premaxillae with...

Free rays are ventral pectoral fin rays (lepidotrichia) that are free of the pectoral fin webbing. They are some of the most striking adaptations of benthic fishes. Free rays are used for specialized behaviors such as digging, walking or crawling along the sea bottom. Studies of pectoral free rays have focused on a small number of species, most not...

The Gonorynchiformes are a group of mostly marine fishes that are the sister group to the Otophysi (e.g., carps, tetras, catfishes). They include milkfishes (family Chanidae) and beaked sandfishes (family Gonorynchidae) among extant taxa. The only freshwater genus is the strictly fossil †Notogoneus, which until now contained eight species of Late C...

A new and previously cryptic fish species, Polymixia hollisterae, new species, proposed common name ''Bermuda Beardfish,'' is described from two voucher specimens collected in 1997 at a depth of about 280 fm or 512 m on the NW slope of the Bermuda Platform, and a third voucher collected by a midwater trawl in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. The s...

Complex morphological systems are subject to constraints that divide the phenotype into modules (i. e., discrete units of variation), which influence their developmental and evolutionary trajectories. Some constraints are intrinsically developmental, and some arise due to mechanical and functional restrictions. The covariance structure of objects c...

Contact the authors for a preprint of this chapter.

The chapter describes the describes the ecology, morphology, reproduction, distribution, behavior, taxonomy, conservation, and the fossil record of the esociform fishes. Although the number of living species of Esociformes is relatively small, they are remarkable for their diverse adaptations, habits and habitats.

The genus Polymixia is the only survivor of a Late Cretaceous marine fish radiation and is often said to be the most primitive living acanthomorph (i.e., Polymixia possesses the greatest number of primitive character states for Acanthomorpha). Recent studies, including this one, place Polymixia as the sister to all other Paracanthopterygii. Despite...

Meristic and morphological characters for species of Polymixia. (XLSX)

BOLD identification tree for Polymixia with revised identifications resulting from this study. (PDF)

Bayesian phylogeny of species of Polymixia as in Fig 4 but with corrected sample identifications resulting from this study. (PDF)

Taxon list, locality information, and voucher, tissue, and GenBank numbers. (XLSX)

Combined sequence matrix of five nuclear DNA and two mitochondrial DNA loci aligned under auto option in MAFFT. The file is in Nexus format. (NEX)

The Zeiformes (dories) are mid-water or deep (to 1000 m) marine acanthomorph fishes with a global, circumtropical, and circumtemperate distribution. Some species have a near-worldwide distribution, while others appear to be regional endemics, e.g., near New Zealand. Six families, 16 genera, and 33 species are currently recognized as valid. Relation...

The Late Cretaceous Agoult locality in southeastern Morocco has yielded a diverse array of marine fishes including †Macrosemiidae, †Pycnodontidae, †Aspidorhynchidae, †Cladocyclidae, †Sorbinichthyidae, †Paraclupeidae, †Clupavidae, †Dercetidae, †Aipichthyoidei, and †Pycnosteroididae. Housed in University of Alberta collections from Agoult are numerou...

The fish genus Esox (Teleostei, Esocidae) has been recorded from thirty late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene localities where forty-one bone-bearing strata are exposed in the territory of Ukraine, Russian Federation, and Republic of Moldova. From eight localities the genus is reported or described for the first time. A detailed description and m...

The extinct clupeomorph genus Armigatus has been included in a number of phylogenetic analyses, with disagreement about its placement and relationships among the fishes of the extinct clupeomorph order Ellimmichthyiformes. There are currently four species known, all from the Late Cretaceous Tethys Sea. Here we describe a fifth species of Armigatus...

The authors' website is here: https://sites.google.com/view/fishes-of-the-world-5/welcome

The phylum Chordata has been used by most modern workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata, including tunicates or sea-squirts, Cephalochordata, including lancelets, and Craniata, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This chapter discusses the superclass of Myxinomorphi, Petromyzontomorphi and Pteraspidomorphi,...

Please visit the authors' website for this book: https://sites.google.com/view/fishes-of-the-world-5/welcome. Fishes of the World, Fifth Edition is the only modern, phylogenetically based classification of the world’s fishes. The updated text offers new phylogenetic diagrams that clarify the relationships among fish groups, as well as cutting-edg...

The tree of life of fishes is in a state of flux because we still lack a comprehensive phylogeny that includes all major groups. The situation is most critical for a large clade of spiny-finned fishes, traditionally referred to as percomorphs, whose uncertain relationships have plagued ichthyologists for over a century. Most of what we know about t...

There are no fewer than twenty phylogenetic hypotheses of basal acanthomorph relationships. Among basal acanthomorphs, the Paracanthopterygii have historically been one of the more difficult groups to characterize, leaving many systematists to question their composition and monophyly. Here we investigate the osteology and myology of the caudal fin...

Phenoscape Guide to Character Annotation. We describe our standard practices for annotation of entities and qualities in the Guide to Character Annotation. Our online version describes more specialized cases and issues (https://www.phenoscape.org/wiki/Guide_to_Character_Annotation). (0.09 MB DOC)

Background: The wealth of phenotypic descriptions documented in the published articles, monographs, and dissertations of phylogenetic systematics is traditionally reported in a free-text format, and it is therefore largely inaccessible for linkage to biological databases for genetics, development, and phenotypes, and difficult to manage for large-...

†Notogoneus osculus Cope, the type species for the geographically widespread Upper Cretaceous to Upper Oligocene genus †Notogoneus (Gonorynchidae), is redescribed in detail based on much new material. This species is known from the Early Eocene Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, southwestern Wyoming. It is geologically the youngest k...

The phylogenetic relationships of extant species of Esox were investigated using both morphological and molecular data. The complete mtDNA cytochrome b gene (cytb) and the second intron of the RAG1 gene were sequenced from multiple specimens of each species and analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. The resulting cladograms were c...

The ontogeny of the Weberian apparatus was examined in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, using both cleared and stained specimens and histology. Over 300 individuals from four independent zebrafish lineages, ranging in size from 3 to 28 mm TL, were examined for this study. Results provide a basic understanding of the development of the Weberian apparatus...

The evolution of the Weberian apparatus in otophysan fishes has been a source of confusion and debate among ichthyologists. This paper reexamines this debate in light of a proposed sister-group relationship between clupeomorphs and ostariophysans. Results from this study suggest that the Weberian apparatus may not have evolved as a single unit as i...

The claustrum, one of the Weberian ossicles of otophysans, is here proposed as homologous to the accessory neural arch (ANA) of lower teleosts. This idea is based on structural and topographical correspondence, as well as on ontogenetic timing of differentiation and ossification. Claustrum and ANA are similar in general shape and occupy the same po...

†Notogoneus montanensis, sp. nov. (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Gonorynchidae) is described from Late Cretaceous freshwater deposits of the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. The species is represented by one articulated skeleton and a partial trunk region of a second individual. Articulated freshwater fish fossils are almost unknown in Early Cretaceou...

Five valid species of Gonorynchus (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes: Gonorynchidae) are diagnosed on the basis of internal and external morphology (e.g., vertebrae number, lateral line scale counts, mouth morphology, caudal skeleton morphology). These are Gonorynchus gonorynchus, G. greyi, G. forsteri, G. abbreviatus, and G. moseleyi. A phylogenetic...

This paper represents the first cladistic analysis of the interrelationships of all nominal fossil and living gonorynchiform genera. Gonorynchiformes is the basal group of the superorder Ostariophysi, and is confirmed as monophyletic on the basis of 12 synapomorphies. The Gonorynchiformes is be subdivided into two monophyletic suborders, Chanoidei...

The structure, development and function of the male opercular apparatus were examined in the freshwater ostariophysan Kneria witteiusing a combination of techniques (i.e. histology, SEM, skeletal clearing and staining). Specimens ranged in standard length from 10 to 65 mm. Morphological comparisons were also made between males and females, as well...

The phylogenetic relationships of the order Gonorynchiformes (Teleostei; Ostariophysi) have been broadly discussed in the last three decades; but no cladistic analysis had been attempted to date. The present paper presents the preliminary results of a cladistic analysis comprising all the available fossil (mostly Mesozoic) and living forms. This pr...

Thesis (Ph. D. in biological sciences)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 1992. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 322-331). Typescript (photocopy).

The evolutionary history of hearing is a rich and fascinating pageant. The inner ear and the closely related mechanosensory lateral line show a tremendous diversity among living and fossil vertebrates. This chapter documents how these systems have evolved new functions by juxtaposing novel linkages (i.e., transduction mechanisms) between fundamenta...

The interrelationships of fossil and Recent gonorynchid fishes are reviewed. The monophyly of the family is cladistically verified, in part, by caudal skeleton and dentition characters. The family can be divided into two monophyletic clades; one consisting of Gonorynchus and Notogoneus as sister taxa and the other consisting of Charitosomus. The sy...

Using the phylogenetic analysis of T. GRANDE & POYATO-ARIZA (1999) as the basis, the biogeography of gonorynchiform fishes are investigated. The biogeographic patterns observed are then analyzed for historical significance using cladistic vicariance techniques. Results of this study show that the history of Gonorynchiformes is complex. The distribu...