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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (32)
Background
Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is among the most common conservation interventions. Protecting areas from the threats posed by human activity will by definition inhibit some human actions. However, adverse impacts could be balanced by maintaining ecosystem services or introducing new livelihood options. Consequently there is an ongoi...
Environmental scientists regularly receive encouragement to engage with both their policy counterparts and wider society, to increase the effectiveness with which they communicate their science and to demonstrate its beneficial impact on wider society [1-3]. A significant body of literature now exists on ways in which environ-mental scientists migh...
Global financial donors have invested billions of dollars in "Sustainable Forest Management" to conserve forests and the ecosystem services they provide. A major contributing mechanism, community forest management (CFM), aims to provide global environmental benefits (reduce deforestation, maintain biodiversity), while also improving local human wel...
‘Urban greening’ has been proposed as one approach to mitigate the human health consequences of increased temperatures resulting from climate change. We used systematic review methodology to evaluate available evidence on whether greening interventions, such as tree planting or the creation of parks or green roofs, affect the air temperature of an...
There is increasing interest in the potential role of the natural environment in human health and well-being. However, the evidence-base for specific and direct health or well-being benefits of activity within natural compared to more synthetic environments has not been systematically assessed.
We conducted a systematic review to collate and synthe...
Details of search strategy.
Effect size (and standard error of the effect size) calculated from each article for the most commonly reported outcomes.
Adjusted effect sizes (posttest - pretest effect size) and 95% CI to investigate sensitivity of results to any pretest differences.
References of articles included in the review and summaries of their basic characteristics.
1. There is a mismatch between broad holistic questions typically posed in policy formation and narrow reductionist questions that are susceptible to scientific method. This inhibits the two-way flow of information at the science-policy interface and weakens the impact of applied ecology on environmental policy.
2. We investigate the approaches to...
The problems of environmental change and biodiversity loss have entered the mainstream political agenda. Given the call from an increasingly influential environmental lobby for government and wider society to make both financial and personal sacrifices to address these problems, it seems likely that conservation biologists and environmental manager...
To use environmental program evaluation to increase effectiveness, predictive power, and resource allocation efficiency, evaluators need good data. Data require sufficient credibility in terms of fitness for purpose and quality to develop the necessary evidence base. The authors examine elements of data credibility using experience from critical ap...
This paper examines the complex interconnections between the development of health promotion and multidisciplinary public health, respectively. Health promotion takes a distinctive interdisciplinary and multiprofessional perspective on health. Historically, it has brought together practitioners from varied disciplinary backgrounds, education and tr...
The Multidisciplinary Public Health Forum (MPHF) was a 'network of networks' that was formed through grass roots public conferences held during the mid 1990s. It championed the development of a trained, developed and accredited multidisciplinary public health workforce in the UK. This paper draws on documentary evidence and from a series of semi-fo...
Conservation management is becoming increasingly resource intensive as threats to biodiversity grow through habitat destruction, habitat disturbance, and overexploitation. To achieve successful conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, we need to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of conservation interventions and provide an eff...
We agree with Mathevet and Mauchamp [1] that the success of a conservation project will depend upon ecological and social responses. In some cases, the social component will be minor, for example for a reserve manager deciding the most effective way to treat a patch of an invasive plant. However, for many of the most important global conservation p...
Much of current conservation practice is based upon anecdote and myth rather than upon the systematic appraisal of the evidence, including experience of others who have tackled the same problem. We suggest that this is a major problem for conservationists and requires a rethinking of the manner in which conservation operates. There is an urgent nee...
Conservation involves making decisions on appropriate action from a wide range of options. For conservation to be effective, decision-makers need to know what actions do and do not work. Ideally, decisions should be based on effectiveness as demonstrated by scientific experiment or systematic review of evidence. Can decision-makers get this kind of...
Conservation managers are challenged with the task of compiling management plans in which they have to decide on appropriate actions to meet specific objectives. We argue that support for such decision-making is poor and that decision-makers have little opportunity to capture and evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of alternative management opt...
The European Commission (EC) has noted the need for public health protection in central and east European countries, which aspire to European Union (EU) membership, to approximate towards west European standards, prior to EU enlargement. In 1998 an EC agency funded a seminar at which representatives of public health communities in the 10 “associate...
Practical conservation activity is increasing globally and is being undertaken by many different government and nongovernmental organizations. In the majority of cases, justification for proposed actions is experience-based rather than evidence-based, action is often taken without monitoring or evaluation of effectiveness, and results are rarely wi...
Dietary advice is usually the first-line treatment for increased blood cholesterol in primary care with a reduction in levels as the expected response. In practice, the diet adopted by the patient may lead to changes in blood lipids characterised by a greater decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than total cholesterol. The ratio of total chol...
As part of a study of risk markers for ischaemic heart disease in Bradford, dietary intakes were assessed for 286 male manual workers of Asian and Caucasian origins using a 3-day diet diary and a food-frequency questionnaire.
Caucasian men were found to eat more variable diets, the choice of foods being partly dependent on the canteen facilities in...
To assess and compare the prevalence of established risk markers for ischaemic heart disease in a sample of Asian and non-Asian men and to relate these observations to preventive strategies.
Two factories in the textile industry in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Subjects--288 male manual workers aged 20 to 65 years.
Cross sectional study within one...
This paper reviews data from case controls studies, cohort studies, and long-term follow-up papers of over 30,000 patients following surgical reduction of gastric acid secretion 20-40 years postoperatively. There is an increase in gastric cancer which becomes highly significant 20 years after Billroth II resection and rises thereafter, many studies...