Teale N. Phelps Bondaroff

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Researcher at The Idea Tree Consulting

This paper explores the historical development, regulation, and nature and scale of wildlife crime and illegal fishing in Cana-dian sea cucumber fisheries. Cases of illicit activities within Canadian sea cucumber fisheries were identified through a rigorous search of media stories (1 instance), legal cases (1 instance), and law enforcement records...

This chapter explores the crime that pervades sea cucumber fisheries, through a review of the extant literature, drawing on detailed media studies and the modus operandi of the criminals that perpetrate this insidious wildlife crime. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to sea cucumbers, sea cucumber fisheries, ways in which holothuroids ar...

This paper uses over a decade’s worth of media coverage of sea cucumber crime (smuggling and poaching) in Mexico, in order to characterise the spatio-temporal magnitude of the problem and to better understand the modus operandi of those engaged in this form of wildlife crime. Towards this goal, we analysed and mapped incidents of crime relating to...

Daily sittings of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (BC), Canada begin with a prayer or reflection delivered by a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). MLAs have the option of using a sample prayer from a list of five provided by Legislative staff, or of delivering a prayer of their own devising. The Office of the Clerk is currently...

Direct Action (DA) is a sometimes confrontational strategy employed by those seeking to bring about the change they would like to see in the world. It is typically applied within the boundaries of states, however, the high seas provide an ideal theatre for the use of DA at the international level. The most prolific practitioners of DA at the intern...

This paper explores the question: How is the NGO observer application process to the Arctic Council influenced by perceptions of legitimacy of the applicant? Using information gleamed from numerous interviews we map out the application process for NGO observer status in the Arctic Council. In addition to the formal criteria, we argue that Arctic st...

This study examines the anti-whaling strategy of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS). Despite being relatively small and resource poor, this confrontational marine conservation organization has been successful in frustrating Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean through the use of what it describes as ‘aggressive non-violent direct action...

This report presents evidence that many types of illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing constitute a form of transnational organized crime, and that treating IUU fishing as a form of organized crime is vital for effectively combating this destructive practice. IUU fishing is currently a low-risk, high return activity, driven by greed, w...

We analyze forms of environmental activism that eschew the “information and socialization” politics typically associated with Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs) and instead favor direct, confrontational strategies, whose aim is to enforce international law. While mainstream TAGs typically seek influence through norm entrepreneurship, lobbying or...

This article seeks to provide insight into the formulation of non-governmental organization (NGO) and transnational advocacy network (TAN) campaign strategy. We argue that the history of previous campaigns comprises an important aspect of the political opportunity structure faced by NGOs and TANs. We also argue that when formulating campaign strate...