Tatsuo Kaiho

• PhD
• Consultant at Godo Shigen Co., Ltd

Iodine and its derivatives are used as catalysts in a broad sense for industrial production as follows. (i) About 75% of acetic acid for use in the chemical industry is made by the carbonylation of methanol using hydrogen iodide as a catalyst. (ii) Lithium iodide and iron iodide are used for disproportionation catalyst of tall oil. (iii) Various ty...

The selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was achieved to produce saturated carbonyl compounds with aqueous HI solution. The introduction of an aryl group at an α or β position efficiently facilitated the reduction with good yield. The reaction was applicable to compounds bearing carboxylic acids and halogen atoms. Through the i...

This chapter provides a summary of industrial applications of organic and inorganic hypervalent iodine compounds. Potassium iodate has found some applications as a dietary supplement and a food additive. Iodine pentafluoride is used as an industrial fluorinating reagent, and iodine pentoxide is a powerful and selective oxidant that is particularly...

The development of new anchoring groups is important to facilitate effective co‐sensitization in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, stable organic D–π–A dyes that contain new heterocyclic hydantoin‐based anchoring groups have been designed, synthesized, and used in DSSCs. These dye sensitizers were evaluated in terms of their absorption sp...

Iodine Made Simple is a unique volume that explains the basic properties of iodine as well as the products and technology using it. Included are eight sections: What Is Iodine?, Iodine around Us, Iodine That Sustains Electronic and Information Materials, Using Iodine for Analysis, Innovative Industrial Technology Starts with Iodine, Iodine Is Neede...

Twenty-four D-A'-π-A dyes were rapidly synthesized through a one-pot three-component Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, which was assisted by microwave irradiation. We measured the absorption spectra, electrochemical properties, and solar-cell performance of all the synthesized dyes. The D5 πA4 dye contained our originally designed rigid and nonplan...

We demonstrate herein the divergent synthesis of six dyes containing our originally developed rigid and nonplanar donor with three different secondary electron donors (SEDs), namely thiophene, 4-methoxybenzene, and diphenylethene. Evaluation of the photophysical properties of the synthesized dyes revealed that the introduction of the SEDs resulted...

This one-pot, four-component coupling approach (Suzuki-Miyaura coupling/CH direct arylation/Knoevenagel condensation) was developed for the rapid synthesis of thiophene-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Seven thiophene-based, organic dyes of various donor structures with/without the use of a 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDO...

We have developed a one-pot, four-component Suzuki–Miyaura coupling for the synthesis of thiophene-based donor–π-bridge–acceptor (D–π–A) dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Two D–π–A dyes, 19 and 20, retaining 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) beside a cyanoacrylic acid moiety, and one D–π–A dye 21 without EDOT (reference compound) were rapidly sy...

Acetic acid is an important industrial commodity chemical with a world demand of about 6.5 million tons per year and many industrial rises. The preferred industrial method for its manufacture is by the carbonylation of methanol, and this accounts for approximately 70% of the total world acetic acid manufacturing capacity. In 1996, a new, more effic...

Iodine has a moderate vapor pressure at room temperature and in an open vessel slowly sublimes to a deep violet vapor that is irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. This chapter tabulates the physical properties of iodine in solid, liquid and gas phases. Iodine dissolves easily in most organic solvents such as hexane, benzene, carbon tetrachlori...

Iodine is used by a wide variety of industries. Around half, however, is used in applications directly related to human health, for example, X-ray contrast agents, biocides, and pharmaceuticals. Most of the remainder is used in industrial applications including optical polarizing film for liquid crystal displays (LCDs), catalysts, heat stabilizers,...

Iodine forms iodide compounds with almost all of the elements except inert elements, as shown in this chapter. Commercially available inorganic iodides are the most important class of iodine compounds. Some of the inorganic iodides discussed in the chapter are hydrogen iodide, hydriodic acid, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, copper (I) iodide, silv...

Iodine has been produced from seaweed in France, Ireland, Scotland, Norway, the U.S.S.R., and Japan. Seaweed was a major source of iodine for the world before 1959 and still remains a resource for this purpose in China. The modern seaweed-based chemical industry started with the extraction of basic industrial chemicals such as soda (sodium carbonat...

Japan accounts for approximately 30% of global iodine production from natural gas brine. The brine found in pores of Neogene to Quaternary marine sediments is saturated to oversaturated with microbial methane. Japan's iodine production has remained at constant levels because the amount of water extracted for this purpose has to be maintained at con...

The majority of halogenated drugs contain fluorine, followed by chlorine, while those with bromine are rare. Only a few iodine-containing drugs are known such as the thyroid hormone thyroxine, an anti-herpesvirus, antiviral drug, idoxuridine (IDU), and a class III antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone. Amiodarone prolongs phase III of the cardiac action...

A survey of new active ingredients used as agrochemicals (insecticides/acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides), provisionally approved by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) during the past 15 years, shows that around 78% of these are halogen-substituted. The iodo-containing compounds can reflect moderate chemical and biological st...

The creation of organic dyes with excellent high power conversion efficiency (PCE) is important for the further improvement of dye-sensitized solar cells. We wish to describe the rapid synthesis of a 112-membered donor-π-acceptor dye library by a one-pot procedure, evaluation of PCEs, and elucidation of structure-property relationships. No obvious...

Iod als neues Element wurde im Zusammenhang mit den Napoleonischen Kriegen 1811 entdeckt. Zum Anlass dieses zweihundertjährigen Jubiläums möchten wir auf die Geschichte der Erforschung und Nutzung dieses Elements zurückblicken und die vielen Facetten der Iodforschung beleuchten, die sich seit der Entdeckung herausgebildet haben. Iod beeinflusst vie...

Iodine was discovered as a novel element in 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. To celebrate the bicentennial anniversary of this event we reflect on the history and highlight the many facets of iodine research that have evolved since its discovery. Iodine has an impact on many aspects of life on Earth as well as on human civilization. It is accumulat...

Underground brine waste containing high concentrations of ammonium and with a salinity of 3% is usually generated during the production of methane gas and iodine in the gas field of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, one swim-bed reactor, packed with a novel acrylic fiber biomass carrier (Biofringe), was applied to the partial nitritation trea...

Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) consisting of amylose/porous Al(2)O(3) film/ionic liquid films (Am-Al/IL film) are reported. The surface of straight nanopores in the Al(2)O(3) film was modified with amylose and these nanopores were filled with ionic-liquid-type electrolytes. The ionic liquid did not leak from these nanopores of the f...

A new method for disinfection of microorganisms by electrochemically regenerated periodate was developed. Oxidation of iodate to periodate was observed at 1.25 V versus a silver/silver chloride electrode in a cyclic voltammogram of potassium iodate. When 1.25 V was applied in 1.0 mM potassium iodate, approximately 4-log inactivation of Escherichia...

During the past decade, much attention has been directed toward the development of potassium channel blockers, which were expected to be a novel type of antiarrhythmic agent. Pharmacological screening for new cardiovascular agents led us to discover the potassium channel blocking activity of MS-3579 which we originally prepared as β-blocking agent....

A series of 6-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-1,3-dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H)- pyrimidinedione derivatives were synthesized and studied for their class III electrophysiological activity and class II (beta-blocking) effects in in vitro and in vivo models. Structure-activity relationships are discussed for a series of compounds. Several members of this series prolonge...

Substituted cyclohexanone derivatives such as (IV), prepared from the acetal (I) as outlined in the reaction scheme, are acylated, yielding the 2-acetylcyclohexanones (VI).

A series of 1-methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity. Most members of this series exerted a dose-dependent increase in myocardial contractility in the dog acute heart failure model, whereas they caused only slight changes in heart rate and bl...

The cardiovascular properties of MS-857 [4-acetyl-1-methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinone ], a novel cardiotonic agent, were investigated in anesthetized and conscious dogs. MS-857 (1-100 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced a significant and dose-dependent increase in cardiac contractility with relatively small changes in heart rate...

Zur stereochemisch kontrollierten Synthese der Titelverbindung (XII) wird zunächst durch eine Aldol-Reaktion des Aldehyds (IIc) mit dem chiralen Bor-enolat (III) der entsprechende Ketoalkohol als auftrennbares Enantiomerengemisch dargestellt, wobei (IVa) aus der R-Form von (IIc) entsteht.

Wege zur Synthese von Strukturelementen für die Konstruktion des Tylonolid-Moleküls (des Aglykons des Antibioticums Tylosin) werden dargelegt.

Durch Umsetzung mit Trimethylsilylmethyl- kupfer-lithium erh?lt man aus der Chlorverbindung (Ia) das Trimethylsilylmethyl- Derivat (Ib), das nach Metallierung und Umsetzung mit dem Aldehyd (II) zu (IIIa) kondensiert wird.

A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis T1, which was isolated from activated sludge, excreted an extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase as it grew in a medium containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as the sole carbon source. The molecular weight of the enzyme, purified from the culture medium to electrophoretic homogeneity, was 48 000 as determin...

A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis T1, which was isolated from activated sludge, excreted an extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase as it grew in a medium containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as the sole carbon source. The molecular weight of the enzyme, purified from the culture medium to electrophoretic homogeneity, was 48000 as determine...

Narbonolide, a 14-membered polyoxomacrolide, has been synthesized through two major steps: (i) condensation of the C1-C10 and C11-C15 fragments and (ii) macrolactonization using a phosphoric acid mixed anhydride intermediate.