Taro Kanno

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Verified

Taro verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Associate) at The University of Tokyo

Research on team has been conducted for many years because a team is a basic functional unit in sociotechnical systems. A major approach used in team research is an empirical approach, such as analysis of verbal and behavioral data obtained by field observations or laboratory experiments. This has advanced understanding of various factors that cont...

This paper presents a human-centered modeling framework of urban systems to capture various types of interdependency underlying urban sociotechnical and socioeconomic systems. The proposed framework consists of three major subsystems: civil life, manufacturing/service industry, and lifeline infrastructure. This framework classifies nine different t...

This paper presents the modelling and simulation of the organisational behaviour of emergency response in disasters, with the aim of using them for the design and assessment of emergency response systems. We identified and categorised various rules, protocols and procedures for emergency response through task analyses, observations and records of e...

Abstract In this research, an extension of a dyadic (pair) team cognition model is proposed to describe the cognition of a team with more than two persons. This model provides a comprehensive framework for analysing the cognitive aspects of team interactions, such as team situation awareness, team memory, and human-agent interactions. One important...

This article proposes a generic model of team cognition based on mutual beliefs that provide foundations for the formulation of hypotheses and predictions concerning cognitive aspects of team interactions such as team situation awareness, team communication and cooperation, as well as human–agent interactions. The proposed model describes team cogn...

Industrial systems that form the basis of our daily lives, such as railroads, medicine, and aviation, function as socio-technical systems with complex and large-scale characteristics. As a methodology for the safe operation of such systems, measures to enhance "resilience potential," the ability to flexibly respond to changes in circumstances, such...

Disaster drills are effective for understanding and mastering business continuity plans (BCP) and response plans, and for identifying and improving problems, but the time and effort required to collect data is an obstacle. In this study, we developed a smartphone application to easily record the flow of patients and documents: NFC tags are attached...

Hospitals, especially regional disaster base hospitals, play a critical role in saving lives during a disaster. Therefore, it is important for the hospitals to conduct disaster response exercises and thoroughly evaluate the results to understand the current level of response capability and to identify potential problems in disaster response and hos...

In this study, we have analyzed the patterns and quantitative features in the verbal data of team communications and explore an indicator to assess the quality of responses to dynamic changes in task demands. We conducted collaborative-task experiments with three-person teams and collected and analyzed the data from these experiments. A coding sche...

In recent years, the impact of the resilience of workers has been widely recognized in dealing with unexpected system behavior and unknown situations to safely operate complex socio-technical systems such as aviation, railroad, medical, and nuclear plants. Resilience coping flexibly with novel events and avoiding failures or worst-case scenarios is...

This paper developed a new framework for better knowledge management through computational simulations, enabling both human knowledge creation and updating simulation models. The framework was developed based on the concepts of the socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (SECI) model, and it contains a structured workshop t...

Objective: This study aims to clarify the actual situation of the business continuity plan (BCP) preparation in the community general support centers in Japan. Method: In September 2021, a survey was administered to 5,391 community general support centers all over Japan using a self-input Web questionnaire. Results: 577 responses were obtained, for...

In this study, we developed a simulation model of detailed in-hospital disaster response to a mass casualty incident based on the analysis of related documents and actual in-hospital disaster response training, aiming to assess the hospital’s response capacity under various disaster situations. This simulation model includes detailed models of pati...

This paper presents a nationwide survey about how Japanese home-visit nursing stations prepared and coped with the coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic. This study also aimed to provide a practical foundation and guide to develop business continuity plans (BCPs) for home-visit nursing stations and nursing care facilities to cope with pandemic...

We, as guest editors, are honored to have been given the opportunity to organize this mini special issue on “Modeling of Human-Policy-Technology Nexus and Simulation for Disaster Response and Business Continuity” for the Journal of Disaster Research . This mini special issue aims to contribute to the overcoming of challenges around better design, o...

Hospitals need to prepare for disasters. For this purpose, they need to formulate a BCP and a response plan and conduct training and exercise. Through training and exercise, they are expected to learn necessary actions and procedures, as well as to find problems in the BCP and response plan. It is, however, not easy to comprehend and evaluate the e...

A water distribution network is an important infrastructure. Once the water distribution networks are damaged by disasters, such as earthquakes, the various activities of citizens are disrupted. To prevent a long period of water outage, water management companies must restore water distribution networks timely. To provide practitioners with feedbac...

Because water is an essential resource for numerous activities, a water distribution network (WDN) is of critical importance. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately prepare for post-disaster restoration of WDNs. To evaluate the restoration plan of damaged pipes, we have been developing an agent-based simulation that can reproduce restoration p...

Critical infrastructure is the basis of our modern life, and the resilience of critical infrastructure is a serious issue for maintaining our safe and secure society. After several remarkable events like terrorists’ attack in US in 2001 and the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2012, a shared recognition that more comprehensive approaches for crisis m...

Many human factor studies have explored the cognitive and behavioral factors that affect team performance via verbal protocol and behavioral analyses. As the measurements used in these studies only focused on observable data, there is a fundamental limitation to understanding cognitive mechanisms. Computer simulation is an alternative method for ex...

Complex problem solving (CPS) has been a field that uses computer-simulated scenarios and has been applied in problem-solving-related studies. However, the problem scenario has not been thoroughly discussed as an essential factor in determining the reliability of the studies. Consequently, there are no systematic principles for scenario design in C...

Many human factors researchers have explored the cognitive and behavioral factors that affect team performance through behavioral and verbal protocol analyses. These studies primarily used qualitative analyses of observable behaviors and utterances, which makes it difficult to capture the dynamic and resilient team cooperation process directly. The...

Meetings are one of the most common collaboration formats for complex problem-solving (CPS). This research aims to formulate cognitive-oriented guidelines for productive synchronous CPS discussions. The study proposes a method to analyze the cognitive process and identifies the cognitive process associated with better CPS discussions. A conversatio...

Because water is an essential resource for numerous activities, a water dis-tribution network (WDN) is one of the most important lifelines; therefore, considerations must be made to prepare for the restoration of WDNs during post-disaster periods. Because the behavior of WDNs in damage situations is unobservable in the real world, the only way is t...

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, state governments all over the world were forced to respond to the crisis, prioritizing not only inbound activities but also their citizens abroad. Our study focused on the reasons for the differences in the evacuation operations, procedures, and outcomes in each country. This study focused...

Computer simulation is an alternative method for investigating the cognitive aspects of human factors in teams. Our previous study developed an agent-based simulation of team cooperation using a team cognition model based on mutual beliefs. We modified that simulation model in the current study to appropriately reflect the meta-cognition behind tea...

Consumer panic buying in disasters makes supplies unavailable to many people and causes supply chain disruption. Our previous research has analyzed the effect of consumer panic buying on the supply chain by conducting agent-based simulation, but there are some problems with the realism of the model and the limited proposed measures. Therefore, the...

Consumer panic buying has been seen to occur frequently with the increasing number of disasters in recent years. Panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic has seen the disruption of even the most efficient supply chains. In order to develop optimal mitigation measures, it is important to understand consumer behavioral changes and their implications...

The air traffic control （ATC） tasks are widely known as multiple and complicated tasks with high cognitive demand. For improving task performances while reducing controller’s workloads, this research aims to develop screen design policy of ATC consoles based on the experimental analyses of the effects of color salience on task performances, situati...

Resilience can be defined as the ability of a system to adapt to changing contexts. To develop a better understanding of the concept of resilience and describe system resilience, it is more important to focus on a context’s characteristics than to discuss the definition of resilience itself. This study proposes a model to comprehend and describe a...

The concept of complex problem solving (CPS) as a new cognitive scientific area was initially introduced by Doner 30 years ago. It was not until recently that the verdicts of CPS studies were gradually being applied in business training . This research aims to convert lab findings into light-weighted cognitive-oriented guidelines for CPS. To achiev...

Business continuity planning and management (BCP/BCM) is crucial for enterprises such as hospitals and healthcare agencies. However, there is no established method to evaluate the effectiveness and resilience of BCP. In this study, we develop a model for the in-hospital medical processes and resource usage required in mass casualty events. The proc...

Consumer behavior is a key factor that affects the profitability of a business. It is altered significantly in disaster times, which affects the businesses and their supply chains. The media reports during the recent COVID19 pandemic has provided adequate proof of consumer stockpiling and its consequential effects on the supply chain, also in fuell...

Globalization has brought not only advantages but also risks into the supply chains. One lesser studied risk is the effect of consumer behavior in crises. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the most efficient and optimized supply chains are susceptible to consumer panic buying. There is a severe need to understand the multitude of scenario...

Widely applied across many sectors, disaster training and exercises pre-embedded within a society can serve as a driving force for strengthening its disaster resilience. While this traditional system has great potential to enhance social resilience to natural catastrophe, its preparation and implementation requires too much time and effort. To solv...

Cooperation is a key in the group or team work to accomplish a mission successfully. It is a critical factor to establish good relationships between humans and artefact systems as a group or team. In other words, cooperative work is one of important part to design current complex systems. It is important to understand the details of the basic funct...

This paper presents the development of an agent-based model to study the response of a supply chain of bottled water due to consumer panic buying, triggered by a large-scale disaster, by modelling the consumers and the supply chain stakeholders as autonomous agents. Consumer panic buying increases the demand of product which proves difficult for th...

The efficiency of solving complex problems in groups determines the productivity of a society. Existing guidelines for these collaborations are action-focused, and the few cognitive-oriented ones require time and training to be executed accurately. This research aims to propose intuitive and light-weighted recommendations for Complex-Problem-Solvin...

Effective disaster drills and exercises require appropriate scenarios reflecting concrete disaster situations. It is however not easy to manually create such a scenario with enough details and validity, because it is fundamental difficult to comprehensively predict and assume disaster situations that may occur in various phases through a chain of c...

This paper proposes an extended framework to describe a context for a human work environment. The framework consists of human and nonhuman elements, their inner states, and the interactions among them, with all these elements physically distributed in time and space. Moreover, it is noted that descriptive, normative, prescriptive, and formative rep...

The present paper is an effort to introduce the modeling architecture of analyzing the response of a supply chain of bottled water due to consumer panic buying triggered by a large-scale natural disaster. An agent-based system is used to model a simplistic consumer purchase model and a supply chain model. Disaster prompts panic buying among the con...

Post-disaster restoration planning and asset management of water supply systems are important concerns of municipal governments and their local enterprises. The two issues are closely interrelated because the cost of disaster-related protection and restoration and the cost of maintenance are significant for long-term asset management. However, ther...

Post disasters, when designing disaster response and business continuity plans, stakeholders should consider various interdependencies among different organizations and sociotechnical systems for the society’s effective and prompt restoration. This study proposes a co-evolutionary simulation for optimizing disaster responses adopted by different st...

This paper presents a new framework for simple design and evaluation of business continuity and resilience plan (BCP) for medical institutions based on the categories of resources required for business continuity and the three phases of emergency response: preparedness, response, and recovery. Considering home-visit nursing stations as a use case s...

Remote aerodrome operation is a new type of airport tower operation. To introduce this type of a new technology for the tower operation, we considered user interface design is also an important element to perform as effective systems. In this research, we discuss about the practical design process for developing user interfaces based on Human Cente...

Effective communication is essential for positive teamwork across team tasks, and thus team communication analysis methods have received much attention; however, because of the great variety of team tasks, it is often impossible to apply analysis methods and findings about the relationships between team performance and communication in one team tas...

Recent advances in data science and machine learning have enhanced our ability to analyze and understand the structure of social interactions in fictional stories by using formal and quantitative approaches. However, an objective assessment of these aspects of fictional stories remains a relatively new and technically difficult field. In this brief...

Shared situational awareness among air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) and pilots is essential for airport safety. This paper presents models and simulations of cognitive activities that underlie the communications between ATCOs and pilots. This model facilitates the shared situational awareness analysis and can produce quantitative data to inform the...

This paper presents the T2P model, which is a model of team contexts modified and extended from the previous model. T2P stands for Team, Task, and Place—the major elements of team contexts. This model describes and characterizes a team context with the attributes of these elements and the relationship among them. This paper also presents the criter...

This paper extends our previous model to present a theoretical framework that formalizes team contexts. This model describes major elements of team settings and the conditions and relationships between them. This paper provides details of the proposed model with an example of the formalization of team contexts and discusses how to design virtual ex...

Mutual understanding and shared situation awareness among air traffic controllers (ATCOs) and aircraft pilots is the key to safe ground control operations at airports. Hence, this paper presents cognitive models for ATCOs and aircraft pilots based on mutual belief. The aim of this model is to provide detailed descriptions of the cognitive processes...

Post-disaster restoration planning for a water supply system is crucial to support human life and various social activities. However, optimizing restoration plans for damaged lifeline infrastructure such as the water supply system is not straightforward. One of the major reasons for this problem is that there is no well-established methodology and...

To improve product recall systems, we studied social simulation using a multi-agent system with a co-evolution model. This research is important because empirical approaches are no longer adequate for complex and diverse modern societies. Results of a simulation experiment have revealed the possibility that improving consumer trust in product recal...

We focus on visual attention as a high-impact perception in the accurate and efficient ATC tasks, which demand high cognitive workloads. Our goal is to develop a screen design policy considering salience of information. Salience is one of the user interface elements causing users’ visual attention. We carried out an experiment to clarify relationsh...

This paper presents a modeling framework of team structure that describes major elements of team settings and conditions and the relationships between them. These are the elements of human, task, resource, expertise, authority, tools and devices, and place. The relationships between these elements can capture and summarize important aspects of team...

When humans make decisions, they tend to rely on the heuristic approaches, instead of considering all available facts. When humans need to make decisions as a group, this tendency also seems true. However, there are some additional mechanisms that can only be observed in the group level, which are influence and conformity. Understanding these mecha...

In this chapter, the fundamentals of nuclear safety that the Fukushima Daiichi accident did and did not change will be discussed. While the most basic strategy of defense-in-depth principle is still valid, some problems have emerged after Fukushima, preparedness for all-hazards and multiple disasters, and importance of the administration of emergen...

The present work is devoted to the problem of city recovery management after a large scale disaster. A modern city is represented as a complex urban socio-technical system consisting of three interdependent parts: a physical lifeline system, citizens’ daily life demand, and service systems. The functioning of the last two ones directly depends on t...

This paper introduces a new triage simulation method for use in the design phase of disaster triage method for vulnerable people. The proposed method is an online scenario-based triage simulation incorporates the Delphi method. The method was assessed to determine its effectiveness for obtaining knowledge to improve the design of a new triage metho...

In this paper, a meso-level of computing is added to the four-level model by Whitworth [1]. This meso-level is called group-level computing. It exists between the individual level and society level. The main difference between group-level and society-level of computing is the social tie involved between the members. One function of the social tie i...

The interactive service design method using computer simulation is a powerful approach for service design, because it enables the designer to reflect knowledge of field experts in designing service systems. In this work, we applied this method to ground aircraft operations at a large airport. Ground aircraft operations are a key service for safe an...

Team workload, which is usually described as an index of the ratio of available team resources to task demands, is believed to be critical for optimal human–computer integration. Although research conceptualizing team workload suggests that the measurement of team workload should consider workload unique to the team, the sum/min/max of members’ wor...

This article discusses how human modeling can support social design that aims to solve various social issues by implementing social institutions: new frameworks or new functions of society. Human modeling, which was originally studied for describing and predicting individual performance, has now extended its scope to cover group and social performa...

Traffic psychological research has shown that driving anger leading to maladjusted driving behavior, e.g., risky or aggressive driving behavior, is a main contributor to traffic accidents. However, it is currently far from clear to what extent driving anger is experienced and expressed in Japan. So far, extensive and detailed studies on this critic...

Nowadays, facilitators often can be seen in risk communication. And the ability of facilitators highly affects whether risk communication succeeds or not. Many previous studies summarized requirements for facilitators in the risk communication. However, these requirements are based on empirical rules of facilitators and qualitative analysis. Theref...

Metacognition related to team cooperation, which refers to an individual’s thought processes dealing with a group’s mindset regarding teamwork, is a possible cognitive mechanism behind an individual’s behaviors as part of that team/group. Our past studies have implied that expanding the metacognitive range during cooperation via appropriate instruc...

Effective communication is essential for positive teamwork irrespective of task types, and thus, team communication analysis methods have received much attention. Many methods for analyzing the relationships between team performance and team communication have been proposed; however, they have often only dealt with correlations between performance...

High reliability teams in complex and dynamics settings. such as air traffic control (ATC) teams, require high levels of shared awareness and understanding between team members concerning the task for safe and efficient operations. Although much research has been devoted to the measurement of situation awareness of individuals in high risk environm...

The problem of fast supply of affected cites with vital resources after a large scale disaster is under consideration. It is one of the essential components of the short-term recovery characterized by highly probable uncertainty in evaluating the state of damaged region. We propose a general principle by which the required redistribution of vital r...

In this paper, a model of team cognition is proposed. This model describes team cognition as a set of individual cognition and mutual belief, separated into three different layers namely self-cognition, direct belief, and projected belief. Another aspect discussed in this paper is a process called mental subgrouping. In a team larger than two perso...

In recent years there has been an increasing interdisciplinary exchange between psychology and computer science in the field of recognizing emotions for future-oriented Human-Computer and Human-Machine Interfaces. Although affective computing research has made enormous progress in automatically recognizing facial expressions, it has not yet been fu...

Recovery of society after a large scale disaster generally consists of two phases, short- and long-term recoveries. The main goal of the short-term recovery is to bounce the damaged system back to the operating standards enabling residents in damaged cities to survive, and fast supply with vital resources to them is one of its important elements. W...

The paper is devoted to the problem of disaster mitigation. It develops an emergent mechanism of resource redistribution aimed at recovering of a socio-technological system affected by a large scale disaster. The basic requirements to the short-term recovery are taken into account in constructing this mechanism. The system at hand consists of many...

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose a model that describes and categorizes the perception gap between different persons and groups/stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the concept of mutual beliefs and a theory of expectation, a model of the perception gap between different actors is deductively constructed along wi...

Before traveling, tourists need to ensure that they will have a well-organized trip, which mainly involves a smooth flow of visits to different tourist attractions by themselves or following a pre-designed plan made by tourism service providers. The present study examined how the sequence of visiting tourist attractions influences tourist satisfact...

The recovery of society after a large scale disaster generally consists of two phases, short- and long-term recoveries. The problem of short-term recovery is rather close to the problem of resilience in their goal, namely, bouncing the damaged system back to the operating standards. The present paper proposes an algorithm for the vital resource red...

Traditional studies on measurements and training of teamwork have often focused on observational teamwork behaviors; however, measurements and training of unobservable teamwork such as mutual performance monitoring are also important for improving teamwork measurement and training. In addition, an improvement of cognitive mechanisms underlying team...

A chat-based interviewer agent (IA) for cognitive task analysis was developed. This agent automatically generates questions for and responses to the answers from the human interviewee. The automated response process is based on shallow intelligence incorporating an interview technique for cognitive task analysis. We also considered the knowledge aw...

Effective communication is believed to be essential for positive teamwork, and thus team communication has received much attention from human factor researchers for analyzing team cooperation. This study aims to propose a method of team communication analysis that can contribute to investigating changes of team cooperation in terms of team cognitio...

Information systems are a kind of service systems and they are throughout every element of a modern industrial and business system, much like blood in our body. Types of information systems are heterogeneous because of extreme uncertainty in changes in modern industrial and business systems. To effectively manage information systems, modelling of t...