Tao Wang

China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research | IWHR · Department of Hydraulics

Introduction Major depressive disorder is a condition involving microbiota–gut–brain axis dysfunction. Increasing research aims to improve depression through gut microbiota regulation, including interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplants. However, most research focuses on exogenous depression induced by chronic s...

In winter, the water transfer channel of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (MR-StNWTP) in China always encounters ice problems. The preciously simulation and prediction of water temperature is essential for analyzing the ice condition, which is important for the safety control of the water transfer channel in winter. Due to...

In this paper, we developed an electro-reductive aryl-to-alkyl radical relay arylation reaction of a remote C(sp ³ )–H bond via a 1,5-HAT process. This protocol features mild conditions, simple operation, and a broad substrate scope.

A direct and efficient method for constructing N,N-disubstituted hydrazines via a palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of allyl acetates with arylhydrazines as nucleophiles has been developed. This method is highly selective in terms of both chemo- and regio-selectivity and is carried out under an open-air system with the use of the DPPPy phosp...

Precisely introducing two similar functional groups into bulk chemical alkenes represents a formidable route to complex molecules. Especially, the selective activation of two electrophiles is in crucial demand, yet challenging for cross‐electrophile‐coupling. Herein, we demonstrate a redox‐mediated electrolysis, in which aryl nitriles are both aryl...

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of benzene sulfonyl hydrazides with benzyltrimethylammonium salts via C–S bond and C–N bond cleavage is reported. This reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and provides a new strategy for the synthesis of various diarylmethanes with broad functional group tolerance in moderate to good yields.

Precisely introducing two similar functional groups into bulk chemical alkenes represents a formidable route to complex molecules. Especially, the selective and progressive activation of two electrophiles is in crucial demand, yet challenging for cross‐electrophile‐coupling. Here, we demonstrate a redox‐mediated electrolysis, in which aryl nitriles...

A facile electrochemical sulfonylative cycloetherification of linear unsaturated alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazides under mild conditions has been accomplished. This catalyst- and oxidant-free protocol proceeds via electro-oxidation, followed by radical addition, as well as an intramolecular oxygen nucleophilic process. This methodology is compatibl...

Introduction The highly processed western diet is substituting the low-processed traditional diet in the last decades globally. Increasing research found that a diet with poor quality such as western diet disrupts gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility to various neurological and mental disorders, while a balanced diet regulates gut microb...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-contact measurement method widely used to determine ice thickness, which is an important hydrological parameter of rivers in winter. The accuracy of GPR measurements of ice thicknesses is highly dependent on the dielectric constant value of ice. Research on the dielectric constant of ice has mainly focused on...

1,2-Amino oxygenation of alkenes has emerged as one of the most straightforward synthetic methods to produce β-amino alcohols, which are important organic building blocks. Thus, a practical synthetic strategy for 1,2-amino oxygenation is highly desirable. Here, we reported an electro-oxidative intermolecular 1,2-amino oxygenation of alkenes with hy...

An efficient palladium-catalyzed oxidative nonclassical Heck reaction of arylhydrazines with allylic alcohols via C-N bond cleavage has been successfully developed. This method provides a series of β-arylated carbonyl compounds with broad functional group tolerance under base-free, simple, and mild open air reaction conditions. In the reaction, ary...

An efficient and facile approach for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via the reaction of quinazoline-3-oxides with primary amines is described. This approach is demonstrated to be applicable for a broad range of substrates and proceeds efficiently under metal-free and mild reaction conditions employing easily available tert-butyl hydroperoxi...

An efficient and general base-promoted reaction of 1,1-dichloroalkenes with secondary sulfonamides and amides for the synthesis of (Z)-β-chloro-enamides has been described. This reaction exhibits functional group tolerance under simple and mild conditions. Mechanistic study indicated that a stereoselective trans-hydroamidation of alkynyl chlorides...

In this study, 4-amino-2-(alkylthio)-6-(methylthio) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Ι were employed as the starting materials to synthesize a novel series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing fluorine, phenyl sulfonyl and pyrimidine moieties Ⅳ-1∼Ⅳ-39. The preliminary bioassay indicated that many newly synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good...

The first intermolecular three-component aminofluorination of alkenes with electronically rich amino sources has been developed via an umpolung strategy. In this reaction, electrophilic N-bromodialkylamines are employed as amine electrophiles, whereas multifunctional AgF serves as both a nucleophilic fluoride source and a reductive catalyst, for th...

The accuracy of linear motion guide greatly affects the form accuracy of the processed parts in precision machine tools. For the linear ball guide, it is an important issue that how to improve accuracy by optimizing structure parameters based on the geometric errors. Due to the diversity of geometric errors and structure parameters, it requires a q...

The hydraulic ram pump is water-powered machinery using low-head hydroenergy. An overall mathematical model is presented to consider the dynamic behavior of the waste and delivery valves. Model experiments, numerical simulations and references analysis are combined to investigate the characteristics of pressure and water level fluctuations, the mot...

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of benzyl trimethylammonium triflates and sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of various benzyl sulfones is reported. This novel protocol shows widespread functional group tolerance, leading to the desired sulfones in moderate to excellent yields.

To discover novel heterocyclic compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrimidyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives (Ι-1~Ι-41) was designed and synthesized by incorporating the activating 1,2,4-triazole, pyrimidine, and phenyl sulfonyl structural templets. Their structures were clearly identified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HRMS, and X-ray single-...

Employment of tertiary amines as the surrogates for secondary amines has prominent superiority in stabilization and easy handle. Herein, a Ni-catalyzed transamidation of N-acyl saccharin amides with tertiary aromatic amines has been reported. By using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the terminal oxidant, this reaction is featured with a selectiv...

In this study, vanadium oxide (VOx) thin films were prepared by reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering (PDMS). The influence of pulse frequency (Fp) on the deposition process and properties of VOx films was investigated. The obtained results indicate that with the increase of Fp, which not only can enhance the oxidation of vanadium but also can fa...

Sophisticated stage-discharge rating curves for radial gates are essential to modernization efforts in water conservancy and irrigation projects. However, it is a challenging hydraulic issue to accurately determine discharges through radial gates, especially when subjected to highly submerged flow conditions. According to the variation trend of jet...

Accurate prediction of the discharge through radial gates is difficult. Existing calibration methods typically provide sufficient accuracy for free flows and submerged flows with jet Froude number at vena contracta larger than 1.7. However, their predictions are poor for submerged flows with jet Froude number less than 1.7. Based on the analysis of...

Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-lifting machinery, which converts the low-head potential energy of a large volume of water into a small high-head potential energy through the periodic open and close of waste valve and delivery valve. The pump would run inefficiently or even fail if the valves are poorly designed. In this paper, a novel and...

Background Polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) migration after esthetic breast injection is clinically variable and complex, and thus, the rate of incomplete removal after debridement is high.Objectives We aimed to describe a practical classification system for PAAG migration after breast injection and evaluate the outcome of our management.MethodsA retrospe...

Introduction Adolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on reducing anxiety. The maternal microbiome plays an important role in child health outcomes and in the establishment of the offspring microbiome. Few studies have investigated the impact of gestational probiotic...

Volumetric error is a primary factor that affects the accuracy of machining tools. The ability to ascertain volumetric error in a rapid and simple manner is of significant importance, and this can remarkably reduce the probability of temperature variation during the experiment. This study proposes a strategy for volumetric error measurement and com...

Ice blasting with explosives before the spring breakup of river sections is a preventive measure for ice flooding. Based on 496 datasets on ice cover blasting with No. 2 emulsion rock explosives measured in the Mohe reach of the Heilongjiang River from 2015 to 2018, we analyzed the relationships between the blasting-crater diameter and water depth...

Background Through precise understanding of the vascular anatomy of the breast, the lower segment of the breast could be harvested as a pedicled or free flap for contralateral breast reconstruction. Case presentation In case 1, based on the 4th internal thoracic artery perforator, the pedicled flap from the breast was transferred to the contralate...

Adolescence is a remarkable period of brain development. Prenatal stress can increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric disorders. This research investigated neurochemical and behavioural changes in the offspring rats(especially adolescences)who were treated with repeated variable prenatal stress (PNS) during the third week of gestation. The stu...

A lot of methods for pyroelectric coefficient measurement have been developed in literatures which, however, are not accurate enough,as a result, there is no standard device for pyroelectric coefficient measurement hitherto. In this work, a dynamic method has been reported and successfully applied back propagation neural network (BPNN) to the contr...

Background: It has been demonstrated that contralateral breast tissue can be used for delayed breast reconstruction. The current report presented the clinical outcomes of the perforator flap from the contralateral lower breast as a pedicled flap for immediate or delayed breast reconstruction and as a free flap for delayed breast reconstruction or...

The Colebrook equation gives the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for fluid flow in pipes as a function of sand-grain roughness and the Reynolds number. Values of equivalent sand-grain roughness (k) have been obtained for various ductile iron pipes coated with different anticorrosion materials through fluid flow experiments, and the results show that...

A mild, efficient, and transition-metal-free catalytic strategy is developed to construct thioesters via selective N–C bond cleavage of Boc 2 -activated primary amides. This strategy is successfully carried out with stoichiometric Na 2 CO 3 as the base and provides the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.

A novel reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides has been realized via the photoredox/nickel dual catalysis to produce vinyl arene derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers...

In the setting of secondary breast reconstruction by deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, the mastectomy skin is usually deepithelialized and buried under the reconstructed breast. In this study, by virtue of tube flap technique, we hypothesize that an amount of mastectomy skin could be transferred to the apex of reconstructed br...

Algebraic fault analysis (AFA), which combines algebraic cryptanalysis with fault attacks, has represented serious threats to the security of lightweight block ciphers. Inspired by an earlier framework for the analysis of side-channel attacks presented at EUROCRYPT 2009, a new generic framework is proposed to analyze and evaluate algebraic fault at...

Forecasting of ice jams and their breakup is crucial to prevent or reduce flooding risk in cold regions. A back propagation (BP) neural network model improved by the Levenberg-Marquardt clustering method has been developed with air temperatures and precipitation as inputs and applied for ice-jam forecasting in a given year in the upper reaches of t...

A piano key weir (PKW) is a new type of labyrinth weir that increases the unit discharge at the unregulated spillway inlet of the weir. It is considered to be an important structure in water supply and drainage systems. However, its complex geometry makes it difficult to achieve an optimal hydraulic design, and only a few design equations and crite...

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with quinazoline 3-oxides was described. This protocol provides a broad range of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives in good to excellent yields under...

Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. The brain–gut axis functions are disturbed, revealed by a dysfunction of the brain, immune system, endocrine system, and gut. Traditional depression treatments all target the brain, with different drugs and/or psychotherapy. Unfortunately, most of the p...

Ice blasting with explosives is an important method for mitigating or preventing ice jam floods during the spring breakup of frozen rivers. Successful blasting relies on properly determining the relationships between parameters including blasting crater radius, explosive weight, ice cover thickness, and water depth, though variations in the final t...

A unique asymmetric bow-tie poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (ABTD) scaffold was designed and developed as a well-defined macromolecular carrier for tumor-targeted drug delivery. The ABTD scaffold in this study consists of a G3-half-dendron (G3-HD) unit and a G1-half-dendron (G1-HD) unit, bearing thiol moiety in each unit and a bis(maleimide) lin...

An efficient palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction of readily available quaternary ammonium salts with CO is reported for the first time to afford arylacetamides and arylacetic acid esters via benzylic C-N bond cleavage. This protocol features mild reaction conditions under atmospheric pressure of CO, a redox-neutral process without an additio...

Next-generation taxoids, such as SB-T-1214, are highly potent cytotoxic agents that exhibit remarkable efficacy against drug-resistant tumors in vivo, including those that overexpress the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux pump. As SB-T-1214 is not a substrate for Pgp-mediated efflux, it may exhibit a markedly different biodistribution and tumor-accumulat...

Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-pumping equipment generally used to pump drinking and irrigation water in mountainous and rural areas having short of power. In the past, it has been analyzed and optimized by fabricating various prototypes and conducting experiments and comparisons. This process is time and labor consuming and detailed flow...

The suction-curettage technique has been widely applied in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. However, it can only moderately eradicate the malodor. From 2011 to 2013, we performed the suction-curettage procedure alone in 91 patients with primary axillary bromhidrosis (group A). From 2014 to 2016, we refined the suction-curettage technique by...

The first enantioselective polyene cyclization initiated by a BINOL-derived chiral N-phosphoramide (NPA)-catalyzed protonation of imine is described. The ion pair formed between the iminium ion and chiral counter anion of NPA plays an important role for controlling the stereochemistry of the overall transformation. This strategy offers a highly eff...

The first enantioselective polyene cyclization initiated by a BINOL-derived chiral N-phosphoramide (NPA)-catalyzed protonation of imine is described. The ion pair formed between the iminium ion and chiral counter anion of NPA plays an important role for controlling the stereochemistry of the overall transformation. This strategy offers a highly eff...

HIGHT is a lightweight block cipher which has been adopted as a standard block cipher. In this paper, we present a bit-level algebraic fault analysis (AFA) of HIGHT, where the faults are perturbed by a stealthy HT. The fault model in our attack assumes that the adversary is able to insert a HT that flips a specific bit of a certain intermediate wor...

Theranostics will play a significant role in the next-generation chemotherapy. Two novel tumor-targeting theranostic drug conjugates, bearing imaging arms, were designed and synthesized. These theranostic conjugates consist of biotin as the tumor-targeting moiety, a second generation taxoid, SB-T-1214, as a potent anticancer drug, and two different...

Breakup ice jams occur during periods of thaw in many northern river courses, which is hard to predict because the formation and progression of breakup ice jams result from a complex interaction between hydrologic, hydraulic, and meteorological processes. Ice jam prediction methods based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are desirable to provide...

For overcoming disadvantages of single frequency radar system, this study presents a new double frequency radar system with 100 MHz and 1500 MHz working frequency to measure water depth and ice thickness at the same time. A RTK system is used in this system to collect GPS coordinates of measuring points. To avoid interference, 100 MHz and 1500 MHz...

Open rhinoplasty and Abbe flap techniques are traditionally useful tools for the reconstruction of secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal (BCLN) deformity. We aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of simultaneous columella and philtrum reconstruction using prolabial flap combined with Abbe flap in secondary BCLN deformity. From January 2009 to J...

Motion errors of hydrostatic guideways are mainly influenced by the geometric errors of guide rails and table which can be decomposed into harmonic waves of different frequencies based on Fourier transform. In this paper, a new approximate model is established to study the influence of geometric errors of guide rails and table on the motion errors...

Surgical removal of apocrine glands is a valid treatment option for axillary bromhidrosis. However, malodor may recur after the operation. The value of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection in the treatment of secondary axillary bromhidrosis was investigated in the present study. From July of 2012 to May of 2016, 53 patients with secondary axillary b...

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of arylhydrazines and alkynes with balloon pressure CO/O2 to afford trisubstituted pyrazoles in a one-pot manner has been developed. The formation of trisubstituted pyrazoles involves a sequential C–N bond cleavage, carbonylation, Sonogashira coupling, Michael addition, and intramolecular condensation c...

The aim of this study was to compare the structure of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls; and to explore correlations between gut microbiota and PD clinical features. We analyzed fecal bacterial composition of 24 PD patients and 14 healthy volunteers by using 16S rRNA sequencing. There were significant differen...

Purpose: For patients with axillary bromhidrosis, it is not clear that whether a low response to initial Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) treatment is related to poor long-term outcomes. Patients and methods: From August 2011 to March 2016, 31 patients with primary axillary bromhidrosis were recruited. They had the duration of efficacy for less than 4 wee...

A series of new hydrophobic and strongly cationic poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s (HC-PDMDAACs) were synthesized and used to enhance the removal of water-soluble dyes in dyeing wastewater. The water-soluble anionic dyes could be removed from the water phase by forming flocculation precipitations with strongly cationic units in the main chai...

Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative aminocarbonylation and alkoxycarbonylation reactions with aryl hydrazines as coupling partners have been developed. The oxidative carbonylation of aryl hydrazines proceeded smoothly at atmospheric pressure CO, employing molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The only by-products were nitrogen gas and water f...

A palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling for construction of Csp³–Csp² bond via Csp³–N bond activation of benzyltrimethyl-ammonium salt is described. This reaction not only offered a highly efficient approach to diarylmethanes but also paved the way for the application of benzyltrimethylammonium salts in the palladium catalyzed cross coupling re...