Tanya Furman

• Pennsylvania State University

The Eocene Rasht-Abad volcanic rocks are located in the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt (including the Tarom-Hashtjin province) of NW Iran. Those are mainly mafic to intermediate with calc-alkaline affinities, comprising andesite, andesite-basalt, trachy-andesite, and dacite. Clinopyroxene ranging in composition from diopside to augite is the most...

Plain Language Summary The Eastern Anatolian High Plateau (EAHP) that formed after the collision of Arabian and Eurasian continents hosts a huge volcanic system. The nature of the source region from which these volcanics originated and the geological dynamics that triggered this widespread volcanic activity are still under debate. We suggest that v...

The products of Cenozoic continental arc magmatism in Iran provide an outstanding natural laboratory for investigating subduction-related processes. Here we present whole rock, Srsingle bondNd isotopic, zircon U–Pb–Hf age, and mineral composition data for Cenozoic intrusive rocks from the Natanz area, central Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), wi...

Magmatic suites provide the keys to evaluate the growth and reworking of continental crust. Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene convergence in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) of Iran produced continental-arc magmatism that traces the transition from subduction to collision. The extent and origin of some magmatic segments in the SE UDMA remain po...

Basaltic lavas from Harrat Uwayrid, Saudi Arabia, record the evolving magmatic and tectonic context of the Arabian Peninsula from at least the mid‐Miocene to the present day. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages spanning from the mid to late Miocene reveal that mid‐Miocene mafic volcanism formed a large, subalkaline volcanic plateau parallel to Red Sea rifts. Subseq...

The Eocene Rasht-Abad volcanic rocks are located in the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt (including the Tarom-Hashtjin province) of NW Iran. These are mainly mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks with calc-alkaline affinities, comprising andesite, andesite-basalt, trachy-andesite, and dacite. Clinopyroxene ranging in composition from diopside to augi...

Young mafic lavas from the East African Western Rift record melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically modified by multiple tectonic events. We report new isotope data from monogenetic cinder cones near Bufumbira, Uganda, in the Virunga Volcanic Field: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7059–0.7079, εNd = −6.5 to −1.3, εHf = −6.3 to +0.9, ²⁰...

A continental rift is a nascent plate boundary where the lithosphere is thinned by tectonic activity. Some continental rifts undergo extension to the point that they generate a new ocean basin, whereas others can cease activity altogether. However, the mechanisms that determine rift success or failure remain debated. In this Review, we discuss fund...

The Pliocene–Quaternary volcanic rocks which outcrop between Qorveh and Bijar are part of post-collisional within-plate volcanic activity in northern Iran. These mafic alkaline rocks form part of the northern arm of the Sanandaj–Sirjan (Hamedan–Tabriz) zone. Thermobarometry on equilibrium clinopyroxene – whole-rock pairs yields pressures and temper...

Quaternary Elazığ mafic alkaline volcanism is part of the anorogenic volcanic system of the circum-Mediterranean region, and it provides crucial insights into the chemical nature of the mantle source domains beneath eastern Turkey. Elemental and isotope geochemistry reveals that these mafic lithologies are mainly free of crustal contamination, refl...

We explore crystal growth and magma recharge during the formation of intermediate lavas using bulk rock compositions and zoning patterns and textural variation in plagioclase feldspars from Hasandağ volcano in south-central Turkey. Hasandağ intermediate lavas formed primarily through fractionation of the observed mineral phases, and also show abund...

Ethiopian topography is dominated by an ~2‐km high plateau that underwent uplift and incision after or during the Cenozoic Flood Basalt event in the Early Oligocene; however, the timing and drivers of plateau dynamics are poorly constrained. We constrain the onset and causal mechanism of plateau uplift using thermochronologic and basaltic geochemic...

Eastern Anatolia (Eastern Turkey) resides in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and hosts the Eastern Anatolian Volcanic Province (EAVP), one of the volumetrically most important volcanic provinces within the circum-Mediterranean region. Previous studies have revealed that the predominant portion of EAVP is composed of the products of the sub-conti...

Doğu Anadolu Volkanik Provensi (DAVP) içerisinde yer alan Elazığ bölgesinde meydana gelmiş volkanizma, Doğu Anadolu litosfer-altı manto kısımlarının kimyasal doğası hakkında önemli veriler taşımaktadır. Bu volkanizmanın ilksel örnekleri, büyük iyon yarıçaplı litofil elementlere (LILE) göre zenginleşmiş yüksek alan şiddetli elementlerin (HFSE) varlı...

We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from the Sivas, Develidağ, Erciyes, and Erkilet volcanic complexes in central Turkey and Tendürek in eastern Turkey to evaluate the mantle sources for volcanism in the context of the geodynamic evolution of the Anatolian microplate. Early Miocene through Quaternary volcanism in Western Anatoli...

The Avaj Oligocene volcanic – plutonic complex is part of extensive Cenozoic magmatic activity within the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc of Iran. We use whole rock geochemistry, mineral compositions and crystal size distributions (CSD) in a suite of co-genetic basalt, basaltic andesite and gabbro to determine their petrogenesis. Ca-rich cores in plag...

Quaternary mafic lavas in Central Anatolia provide geochemical insights into melt generation processes following regional delamination of the subducted Tethyan slabs. New geochemical data from the Pleistocene Hasandağ Cinder Cone Province (HCCP) and Karapınar Volcanic Field (KVF) record contributions from subduction-modified lithospheric and sub-li...

Geochemical analysis of magmas erupted in continental rifts are a valuable tool for understanding the compositional, physical, and thermal controls on rift related magmatism. Bulk rock geochemistry and geochronology of lavas from volcanic fields in the Western Rift of the East African Rift System provide insight into the sources and processes of pe...

We use the mineralogy, trace element compositions and elemental mass balance of volcanic materials collected from propylitic, potassic and phyllic alteration facies in the Eshtehard area of Iran to document the nature and effects of hydrothermal alteration. Incompatible element abundances in hydrothermally–altered samples show transformations that...

We previously proposed a hypothetical learning progression around the disciplinary core idea of the Solar System and its formation as a first step in a research program to begin to fill this gap and address questions of student learning in this domain. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of two dimensions within the learning progression, d...

The Oligo–Miocene Ardestan quartz diorite to tonalite is part of widespread Cenozoic magmatism within the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage of Iran. The Ardestan pluton is composed mainly of varying proportions of plagioclase feldspar (normally zoned from bytownite to andesine), amphibole (magnesio-hornblende) and biotite. Biotite exhibits a rang...

Magmatism in the East African Rift System (EARS) contains a spatial and temporal record of changing contributions from the Afar mantle plume, anciently metasomatized lithosphere, the upper mantle and the continental crust. A full understanding of this record requires characterizing volcanic products both within the rift valley and on its flanks. In...

Plate tectonics is the organizing paradigm of geosciences, but it is also conceptually complex, and students often struggle with developing a system level understanding of the earth. This article reports on research designed to create a characterization of the different levels of sophistication around plate tectonics in the form of a learning progr...

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) are small droplets of magma that become trapped in minerals during crystal growth. SMIs in olivine crystals can provide critical information on the range of melt compositions and processes that occur during melt generation, evolution, transport, and eruption. The Pliocene–Quaternary volcanic rocks in the Qorveh–Bijar...

Lithospheric drip magmatism is associated with mid-Miocene plate boundary reorganization across the Red Sea – Dead Sea Transform region. Volcanism throughout Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel and much of Syria derives from melting metasomatized peridotite and pyroxenite in apparent response to foundering of mafic lower lithosphere. Young mafic lavas fro...

The nature of students’ ideas about the scientific practices used by astronomers when studying objects in our Solar System is of widespread interest to discipline-based astronomy education researchers. A sample of middle-school, high-school, and college students (N=42) in the U.S. were interviewed about how astronomers were able to learn about prop...

Telica volcano in Nicaragua currently exhibits persistent activity with continuous seismicity and degassing, yet it has not produced lava flows since 1529. To provide insight into magma chamber processes including replenishment and crystallization, crystal size distribution (CSD) profiles of plagioclase feldspar phenocrysts were determined for Quat...

The origin of the Ethiopian-Yemeni Oligocene flood basalt province is widely interpreted as representing mafic volcanism associated with the Afar mantle plume head, with minor contributions from the lithospheric mantle. We reinterpret the geochemical compositions of primitive Oligocene basalts and picrites as requiring a far more significant contri...

The Zagros belt of Iran is part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogen that formed through collision between Africa and Eurasia. We focus on the northeastern tectonic subdivision that represents the leading edge of the orogen, the NW-SE trending Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA), which comprises volcanic and pyroclastic sequences of Oligo-Miocene...

Ultramafic xenoliths in Late Miocene alkali basalts from Thrace, NW Turkey comprise spinel-bearing lherzolites and subordinate dunites. Host basalts are sparsely olivine-phyric with ~2 mm pheno-and xenocrysts in a hypocrystalline groundmass of plagioclase, olivine, trace titanomagnetite and minor glass. Olivine in xenoliths and host basalts have co...

Near-contemporaneous suites of mafic lavas from Sivas, Central Anatolia record different petrogenetic histories on the eastern and western sides of a major regional suture marked by the Kizilirmak River. The Sivas basaltic suite has major and trace element compositions suggesting derivation from an anhydrous peridotitic mantle source region. Basalt...

Volcanism across the North Tanzanian Divergence Zone (NTD), part of the East African Rift System, occurred episodically from the late Miocene to Recent. Here, we present a summary of previously published K–Ar and ⁴⁰ Ar/ ³⁹ Ar ages, new ⁴⁰ Ar/ ³⁹ Ar ages, and geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic analyses on samples collected from several volcanoes dist...

This study describes the process of defining a hypothetical learning progression (LP) for astronomy around the big idea of Solar System formation. At the most sophisticated level, students can explain how the formation process led to the current Solar System by considering how the planets formed from the collapse of a rotating cloud of gas and dust...

The Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone originated during subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microplate. Magmatic rocks exposed in this region are represented by a wide compositional range, with a preponderance of granitoids. The calc-alkaline Qorveh Granitoid Complex (QGC), located to the southeast of Qorveh, includes granodio...

Intraplate alkaline lavas typically exhibit isotopic characteristics that require a source with long-term isolation from the convecting asthenosphere, such as in the sub-continental lithosphere mantle or a mantle boundary layer. Melting of metasomatically enriched domains, or metasomes, within the lithospheric mantle provides a viable mechanism for...

We analyze the textures and mineralogy of Merapi tephra generated during explosive VEI 3-4 eruptions over the past 2000 years, and compare these data with those observed for Merapi dome and flow lavas. We find that the Merapi pumiceous tephra and lava textures differ significantly with respect to small-size crystal populations, but that phenocryst...

The Earth and Space Science Partnership (ESSP) is a collaboration among Penn State scientists and science educators with seven school districts across Pennsylvania. Part of the multi-faceted ESSP effort includes long-term professional development that is built around annual summer workshops for middle grades teachers in several content areas, inclu...

The assessment of general education is often approached through broad surveys or standardized instruments that fail to capture the learning goals most faculty members desire for this portion of the curriculum. The challenge in remedying this situation lies, first, in defining general education in meaningful ways that can be both articulated and mea...

The North Tanzanian Divergence zone (NTD), at the southern end of the eastern branch of the East African Rift, is part of one of Earth's few currently active intra-continental rift systems. The NTD preserves a complex tectono-magmatic evolution of a rift in its early stage of activity. The oldest magmatism reported in the NTD is associated with the...

We report new Os and Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from several key portions of the East African Rift System (EARS) with the goal of determining how contributions from various source domains influence volcanism in the evolving rift system. Our study uses picrites and basalts associated with the Afar plume in NW Ethiopia and with prolonged extensi...

New Pb, Sr, Nd, Hf, and He isotope data for Quaternary basalts, erupted from Debre Zeyit, Butajira, and the Wonji Fault Belt of the Main Ethiopian Rift, show systematic mixing relationships involving three distinct mantle sources. The Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic arrays converge in a specific region of isotopic multi-space where they define the comp...

Telica volcano, an andesitic stratovolcano in north-western Nicaragua, erupted in May 2011. The eruption, produced ash but no lava and required the evacuation of over 500 people; no injuries were reported. We present the first detailed report of the eruption, using information from the TElica Seismic ANd Deformation (TESAND) network, that provides...

Subalkaline basalts from NE Egypt represent an episode of magmatism at c . 24 Ma, coincident with widespread eruptive activity in northern Africa. New geochemical data provide insight into the mineralogical and isotopic characteristics of the underlying mantle. The basalts show little geochemical variation, with incompatible trace element abundance...

Isotopic variations in lavas from regions of low tectonic extension, such as the western branch of the East African Rift (EAR), can be used to probe regional variability in the underlying continental lithospheric mantle. Volcanic rocks from the western branch of the EAR are isotopically among the most extreme young samples on Earth. Pb, Hf, Nd and...

The WSW movement of Anatolia in response to collision between the African/Arabian and Eurasian plate results in complex interaction between compressional and extensional regimes. The subducted slab is seen with tomographic data to be torn beneath Central Anatolia (Biryol et al. 2009) and undergoing rollback in Western Anatolia (Le Pichon & Angelier...

The Karakaya Subduction/Accretion Complex consists of various pre-Liassic melange units that record the closing of the Palaeotethys ocean basin. One of these melange units, the Nilufer Unit, is composed of variably metamorphosed (dominantly prehnite-pumpellyite to greenschist facies), mafic rock assemblages that are primarily associated with neriti...

Subduction/accretion complexes provide unique insight into the tectonic assembly of continental margins and oceanic basins, as they record the tectonic stacking and juxtaposition of materials derived from distinct tectonic environments. The Karakaya Complex, exposed throughout northern Turkey, is a good example of an ancient subduction/accretion co...

We have examined Highly Siderophile Element (HSE) and Os-isotope variations in suites of variably fractionated lavas from the Late Cenozoic mafic alkaline volcanic province of NW Turkey in order to evaluate the source characteristics and possible effects of post melting differentiation processes on HSE signatures of these lavas. The results reveal...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1989. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-353). by Tanya Helen Furman. Ph.D.

Using a conceptual framework constructed around self-efficacy, this study explores specific recruitment programs that may contribute to the development of self-efficacy for students of color in the geosciences. This mixed methods study of geoscience education includes quantitative analysis of the Summer Experience in Earth and Mineral Science Progr...

Essimingor is the oldest of a line of north-south trending pre-rift volcanoes in northern Tanzania associated with the opening of the southern sector of the Gregory Rift, part of the East African Rift system (EAR). Essimingor is centrally located within the present day rift, on the East-West alignment between the large volcanoes of Kilimanjaro and...

Basalts ~24 Ma in the Cairo-Suez and Fayyum districts of NE Egypt represent the youngest and northernmost lavas potentially associated with the initiation of rifting of the Red Sea. The age of these basalts corresponds to a time period of significant regional magmatism that occurred subsequent to emplacement of 30 Ma flood basalts attributed to the...

The origin and evolution of magmatism in Central Anatolia is a complex question given the dynamic nature of the tectonic regime. Southwestward movement of the Anatolian plate currently accommodates the effects of prolonged convergence between Africa and Eurasia, and is manifest in numerous pull-apart basins that define the Central Anatolian Fault Z...

The lithology of recycled oceanic crust (eclogite) has a profound effect on the composition of mantle-derived lavas. When melts of eclogite react with surrounding peridotitic mantle, solid pyroxenite is formed (Sobolev et al., 2005). Pyroxenite is a clinopyroxene-rich, olivine-poor lithology that, when melted, produces lavas with higher SiO2 and Ni...

The composition of volcanic products in the East African Rift System suggest there are two separate mantle plumes supplying heat and material to the region. The Afar plume, currently located beneath north-central Ethiopia, consistently produces high 3He/4He (R/Ra 9-19) lavas with strong contributions from the C-mantle component. The Kenya plume, cu...

The Main Ethiopian rift (MER), which dissects the 30 Ma Ethiopian flood basalt province and connects the East African Rift system to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, is a key target in understanding the transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading in a mantle plume-influenced environment. Quaternary magmatic activity in the MER is focused...

In Anatolia, north-central Turkey, ancient pieces that characterize the closure of the Paleotethyan Ocean are preserved in the Karakaya Complex which is composed of variably deformed and metamorphosed rock assemblages (Tekeli 1981, Sengor et al. 1984). These rock associations can be encountered throughout Northern Turkey as an E-W trending belt exp...

The regional neotectonics and volcanism along the margins of the Anatolian microplate (Turkey) are broadly well-constrained. The African and Arabian plates currently push Anatolia against the relatively stable Eurasian plate and as a result, Anatolia has had a west-southwest movement for the last 12 Ma in what is called `escape tectonics'. The tect...

Following Eocene collision of the Anatolide-Tauride platform with the Pontide arc, Western Anatolia underwent lithospheric thickening followed by orogenic collapse. Extension associated with the orogenic collapse continues today. Collision-related calc-alkaline volcanism, characterized by rhyolites to basaltic andesites, began during the Early Mioc...

Petrology of Paleotethyan seamount volcanics in Karakaya Complex, N Turkey

Continental rifts are commonly sites for mantle melting, whether in the form of ridge melting to create new oceanic crust, or as the locus of flood basalt activity, or in the long initial period of rifting before lavas evolve fully into MORBs. The high topography in the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary under a rift creates mantle upwelling and ad...

This study examined the stream chemistry changes in Staunton River (a second-order headwater stream with an average annual discharge 704 m3 ha−1 yr−1, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia) resulting from a catastrophic flood in June 1995. This flood, which followed after 800 mm of rain in a 4-day period, caused large-scale debris flows and complete s...

Extensive magmatic activity developed at the northwestern part of the Anatolian block and produced basaltic lavas that are situated along and between the two segments of the North Anatolian Fault zone. This region is a composite tectonic unit formed by collision of continental fragments after consumption of Neotethyan ocean floor during the late Cr...

The variably metamorphosed and deformed pre-Liassic Karakaya Complex that covers much of Northern Anatolia comprises abundant metabasalts with subordinate gabbroic and ultramafic rocks. In Central and Western Anatolia, these mafic and ultramafic rocks with enriched geochemical signatures form an extensive melange unit within this ancient subduction...

In 2007-2008, 18 pre-service, 24 in-service teachers, and 7 geoscience graduate students participated in the NSF funded Transforming Earth Systems Education (TESSE) program. TESSE was designed to enhance middle and high school Earth science teacher preparedness through a year long program combining research experience, systems thinking, and inquiry...

Petrogeneses of Karakaya metabasalts

A partnership between the University of New Hampshire (UNH), Dillard University, Elizabeth City State University, and Pennsylvania State University has been established to prepare middle and high school teachers to teach Earth and environmental sciences from a processes and systems approach. Specific project goals include: providing Earth system sc...

The Transforming Earth System Science Education (TESSE) project, a partnership between faculty at the University of New Hampshire, Pennsylvania State University, Elizabeth City State University and Dillard University, is designed to enrich the professional development of in-service and pre-service Earth science teachers. One goal of this effort is...

Quaternary magmatism in the Ethiopian rift records the interaction of a deeply sourced mantle plume with the ambient upper mantle and the continental lithosphere. We present the first hafnium isotope values for the region and utilize new helium data from these well-characterized samples to gain insight into the distribution of Afar plume material i...

The University of New Hampshire's Transforming Earth System Science Education (UNH TESSE) project is designed to enrich the education and professional development of in-service and pre-service teachers, who teach or will teach Earth science curricula. As part of this program, pre-service teachers participated in an eight- week summer Research Immer...

The African Superplume is a region of slow seismic wave velocities in the lower mantle under southern Africa. The uplift, volcanism and rifting that defines the much of eastern and southern Africa suggest a dynamic link between lower mantle dynamics and near-surface processes affecting the African plate. The dynamic link between the lower mantle an...

Magmatism associated with continental collision is increasingly attributed to major disturbance of or within the lithosphere. Geochemical and isotopic data on post-collisional primitive mafic lavas from across the Anatolian plate enable us to assess the effects of lithospheric delamination (slab rollback and breakoff) as indicated by geophysical st...

East African Rift System magmatism began over 40 my ago and has continued through the present. Numerical models have determined two plumes are necessary to create the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanism. Geochemical data support the presence of two chemically distinct plumes initially located beneath the Afar Depression (NE Ethiopia) and...

Statistics on underrepresented mi-norities show that blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians earn only 2.1%, 3.3%, and 0.6%, respectively, of the PhDs awarded annually in the physical sciences. Various organizations have been trying for many years to increase the representation of minorities in the geosciences. A 2005 report by the Amer-ican Geophy...

1] Quaternary lavas erupted in zones of tectonomagmatic extension within the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) preserve details of lithospheric structure in the East African Rift System. Despite observed source heterogeneity, basalts, trachybasalts, and basaltic trachyandesites erupted in the Wonjii Fault Belt (WFB) and the Silti-Debre Zeyit Fault Zone (SD...

Mafic lavas erupted along the East African Rift System from the Afar triangle in northern Ethiopia to the Rungwe province in southern Tanzania display a wide range of geochemical and isotopic compositions that reflect heterogeneity in both source and process. In areas with the lowest degree of crustal extension (the Western and Southern Kenya Rifts...

The Ethiopia-Yemen continental flood basalt (CFB) province formed 30 Ma and today covers some 600,000 sq. km with an approximate total volume of 350,000 sq. km of basalt and associated rhyolite. The majority of lavas were extruded over about 1 my (Baker et al. 1996; Pik et al. 1998) and have not been subject to tectonism, making this area ideal for...

Mentoring award recipient reaches out to geosciences students.

Primitive recent mafic lavas from the Main Ethiopian Rift provide insight into the structure, composition and long-term history of the Afar plume. Modern rift basalts are mildly alkalic in composition, and were derived by moderate degrees of melting of fertile peridotite at depths corresponding to the base of the modern lithosphere (c. 100 km). The...

The East African Rift System is important to understanding plume-initiated rifting as manifest in the geochemistry of mafic lavas erupted along the rift throughout its evolution. We present new data from high-MgO Tertiary lavas from Turkana, northern Kenya, to investigate regional melt source components, to identify the depths and degrees of meltin...

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Over the 40,000 years if its activity, Merapi volcano has exhibited a wide variety of eruptive style. Recent eruptive activity is dominated by growth and subsequent gravitational collapse of small lava domes; however, the tephrostratigraphic record reveals a history that includes mild effusive activity and is punctuated by highly explosive events (...

Quaternary basalts from the Silti-Debre Zeyit Fault Zone, in the central Main Ethiopian Rift, provide an opportunity to investigate the magmatic plumbing system of continental rift basalts. We investigated olivine, clinopyroxene and feldspar phenocrysts and xenocrysts hosted in MgO-rich basalts to reveal information concerning the history of the ho...

Extension within the East African Rift is a function of the interaction between plume-driven uplift and far-field stresses associated with plate tectonic processes. Geochemical and isotopic investigation of primitive basalts from the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) reveals systematic spatial variations in the contributions from distinct and identifiable...