Tamir Goren

• Professor
• Bar Ilan University

At the time of the British Mandate in Palestine the development of Tel Aviv, which the Jaffa Arabs regarded as the realization of the Zionist enterprise, was perceived as a real threat to Jaffa’s future. The two cities’ geographic proximity threw into bold relief the differences between the two levels of development. As the years passed the two cit...

One outcome of the Jewish–Arab conflict at the time of the British Mandate was the Arab refugee problem. It usually accompanied any escalation in hostilities and was evident at foci of the friction between Arabs and Jews. Reprisals by the authorities against the Arab population was an additional cause. At the time of the Arab Revolt the refugee iss...

One of the most grievous outcomes of the Arab revolt (1936-1939) was the severe economic damage caused to the Arab community. The worsening relations between Jews and Arabs from the start of the 1936 disturbances and thereafter had distinct consequences regarding the decline in Jaffa’s economic state. The slump that affected Jaffa from 1936 to the...

Tel Aviv, which the Jaffa Arabs saw as the realisation of the Zionist enterprise, begot hostility to itself. Insofar as the city developed, it was perceived as a threat to Jaffa. The authorities’ approval of the enlargement of Tel Aviv’s boundaries in the early 1940s was, for the Arab side, a challenge to Jaffa’s future, and spawned the declaration...

One of the gravest outcomes of the period of the Arab revolt was the heavy economic damage caused to the Arab community. Jaffa, which suffered greatly in the years 1936–1939, sought to rebuild and restore the city to its status as a leading economic center in Palestine. This need intensified still more with the outbreak of the Second World War. Hen...

From the founding of Tel Aviv adjacent to the Arab city of Jaffa, a new and unique reality arose in Palestine in the form of neighborly relations between a Hebrew city and an Arab city. A deep rift in these relations resulted from the riots of 1921 and 1929, and in Zionist historiography it is argued that from the 1921 riots onward, the ties betwee...

One of the most complex issues facing British rule on the local municipal level towards the end of the Mandate period was the problem of Jaffa's Jewish neighbourhoods. This question, which emerged with the outbreak of the 1936 disturbances, engaged the government thereafter until the end of the Mandate. The demand by the residents of Jaffa's Jewish...

The 1936 disturbances in Palestine produced one of the most complex and sensitive problems on the local level, which exercised the British authorities until the end of the Mandate period. The demand of the residents of the Jewish neighborhoods of Jaffa to be annexed to Tel-Aviv, and separated from the Jaffa jurisdiction, was the core of the problem...

The ordinance granting Tel Aviv the status of local council was given in 1921. Immediately thereafter, the municipal council acted to amend the terms of the ordinance so as to free Tel Aviv entirely from the supervision of Jaffa municipality. Tel Aviv aimed for the status of an independent municipality, but still wished to safeguard its interests i...

Jaffa port was long renowned as the main harbour of Palestine. From the onset of the British Mandate intense activity in turning it into a modern port resulted in the appointment of a series of committees composed of Arab and Jewish representatives from Jaffa and Tel Aviv. From the start, it was clearly in Tel Aviv’s interest to work for the develo...

The outbreak of the 1936 riots immediately motivated the Jews of Jaffa to sever their ties with that city in favour of annexation to Tel Aviv. This demand became one of the thorniest and most sensitive problems on the local level, and engaged the British authorities right up to the end of the Mandate. It also became a concern of the highest order f...

The outbreak of the Arab revolt marked the start of the continuous economic decline of Jaffa, which hitherto had been known as an outstanding and flourishing economic centre. The decisive factor that highlighted above all others the city's economic deterioration was the decline of its port. This carried notable moral implication for the Arab public...

The article describes and probes the initial experiments in laying railroad tracks in northern Palestine during the second half of the nineteenth century and presents the construction phases of Haifa Station. Considering the period, the intentions of the various railroad planners exhibited outstanding vision. Even though the first trials failed, th...

The contest for control of mixed municipalities in Palestine reached its peak in the period of preparations for the last municipal elections to be held in the closing years of the British Mandate. Control of a mixed municipality, as the Mandate approached its end, was considered by Jews and Arabs to be a position of power not to be conceded. The po...

Municipal governance was the only administrative field shared by Arabs and Jews during the Mandate period. Its study in the context of mandatory Haifa enables us to explore the conditions under which Jews and Arabs were able to forge a joint political framework and to promote beneficial relations between the two communities. Cooperation in Haifa's...

The relations established between the Jews and the Haifa mayor Hasan Bey Shukri were undoubtedly one of the special and fascinating features in the history of the Jewish–Arab conflict at the time of the Mandate. Shukri's ability to create a common language with the Jews made the Municipality an institution graced with cooperation whose like did not...

Israel Studies 9.1 (2004) 101-124 When conquered by the British in the First World War, Pales—tine had twenty-two municipalities. Most of them operated in the Arab towns, while others were found in mixed cities. The phrase "mixed municipality" derives from the "Mixed City," a term coined by the Mandatory government in Palestine. In the course of th...

שלא כבערים מעורבות אחרות, התפתחה בחיפה צורת ניהול מוניציפלי שהתבססה על דפוס של שיתוף פעולה מסוים בין הערבים ליהודים. מטרת המאמר לתאר כיצד חילקה עיריית חיפה את המשאבים בין ערבים ליהודים, ולבחון כיצד השפיע הדבר על התפתחות העיר ועל חיי היומיום של תושביה בשנים 1940-1947, עד פרוץ המלחמה. בתקופה זו חלו בחיפה תמורות שהייתה להן משמעות רבה לניהול המוניציפלי...

מסכת היחסים שהתגבשה בין היהודים לראש עיריית חיפה חסן ביי שוכרי היא ללא ספק אחת התופעות הייחודיות והמרתקות בהיסטוריה של הסכסוך היהודי-ערבי בתקופת המנדט. היסטוריונים שנדרשו לקשרים ההדוקים בין שוכרי ליהודים בתקופה נטו להדגיש באופן כללי בלבד כי היה תוצר של אינטרסים הדדיים; שוכרי חפץ בתפקיד ראש העירייה בעוד היהודים רצו לנצל את מעמדו כדי להועיל ליישוב הי...

This article investigates the changes in the size, communal make-up and location of the Haifa Arab population as affected by the war, and subsequently until 1950. This time-span was the first period in which the area of the dwellings of the Haifa Arabs took shape. From 1950 onwards considerations and attitudes towards the spatial movements of the c...