Tamim Younos

• Dr. Environ Eng.
• CEO at Green Water-Infrastructure Academy

This chapter provides an overview of the robotic technology framework and proceeds with a comprehensive overview of the existing and emerging robotic technologies applied in water environments including water monitoring, cleaning and restoration of contaminated water environments, applications in leak detection in pipelines, and monitoring aquatic...

Maintaining an active and safe water infrastructure is critical to the health and survival of humans and ecosystems across the world. While advances in computerization provide significant advantages for the water sector, the overall digitalization process has also exposed numerous vulnerabilities to hacking and terrorism, thus making cybersecurity...

The use of smart technologies in water management is an evolving area of interest. In the twenty-first century, smart technology applications have emerged as the most promising advancements in water management. This chapter provides an overview of technological innovations from ancient times to the modern era, culminating in the twenty-first-centur...

Water issues have long challenged human civilization, but the 21st century has brought complex new dimensions to this age-old problem. In the wake of 9/11, cybersecurity concerns have come to dominate water infrastructure management and research. The intensifying climate crisis further strains water resources and systems. Most recently, the COVID-1...

The central theme of this volume is innovations in using alternative water sources for producing potable water. Locally available alternative water sources – rainwater/stormwater, wastewater, seawater/brackish water, atmospheric water - can be effectively used in conjunction with the decentralized and small-scale green water-infrastructure. This vo...

Water scarcity is rapidly becoming critical in coastal areas, arid/semi-arid regions, and island countries around the world. The availability of seawater and brackish water resources and evolving desalination technologies provide significant opportunities to meet water demand. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving energy conservation techniques and eme...

Use of alternative water sources – rainwater & stormwater, wastewater, saline water, and atmospheric water – for potable purposes is an evolving research and technology area. This introductory chapter provides an overview of historic aspects of developing drinking water supplies, advances and consequences of freshwater source development, water & e...

In this chapter, we draw attention to urban cities’ building water systems management strategies, focusing on both sustainability and resilience of water and energy resources. Rainwater harvesting and graywater recycling have long been identified as alternative water sources for the sustainable management of water resources. We present a conceptual...

Prepared by the Advancing Renewable Energy Technologies Committee of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Renewable Energy Technologies and Water Infrastructure provides readers with a critical review of policy, regulation, science, and engineering with respect to the development and application of renewable energy technologies t...

Featured article on holistic approach for urban water management

Socio-hydrology is an emerging cross-disciplinary water science field that integrates the natural and social sciences. This book compiles scientific endeavors and innovations on water research development, education, and applications in the arena of socio-hydrology. Published articles represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the c...

Water is life! Ancient human communities were established in close proximity of natural water systems, i [...]

In the next decade, about 70% of the world’s population is likely to face water scarcity. This is rapidly becoming critical in coastal areas, arid/semi-arid regions and island countries. This chapter presents an overview of the desalination concept and describes the basic aspects of desalination system design, including desalination techniques, ene...

In the next decade, about 70% of the world’s population is likely to face water scarcity. This is rapidly becoming critical in coastal areas, arid/semi-arid regions and island countries. This chapter presents an overview of the desalination concept and describes the basic aspects of desalination system design, including desalination techniques, ene...

Presents an overview of desalination concept and critical issues such as energy use, environmental issues and regulations.

A symbiotic relationship exists between simultaneous urban development and population growth. Consequences of this relationship have caused deterioration of natural water resources and a continuous need for expansion of urban water infrastructure. In this article, authors discuss the impact of accelerated urbanization on water resources in the twen...

Karst aquifers are important sources of drinking water worldwide. This volume presents a discussion of the current state of knowledge on karst science, advances in karst mapping and karst aquifer monitoring technologies, case studies of karst aquifer assessment, and regulatory perspectives on land use and water management in karst environments. It...

WITH A GLOBAL FOCUS ON INCORPORATING RENEWABLE ENERGIES INTO EXISTING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, THE WATER INDUSTRY HAS ESTABLISHED IMPORTANT STRATEGIES TO CONSERVE WATER AND ENERGY FOR FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY.

We present a model for a decentralized green water-infrastructure system (DGWIS) based on a new conceptual framework that optimises the use of captured rainwater, recycled wastewater and renewable energy resources. DGWIS is designed for building-scale localised water supply systems that utilise rainwater and greywater and incorporate advanced small...

At present, 80.7% of the US population resides in urban areas (US Census Bureau 2012). Increased urbanization (paved areas and buildings) and urban population growth has exerted significant pressure on urban water demand and expansion of urban water infrastructure—i.e., potable water supplies, wastewater treatment and discharge, and urban stormwate...

People in the United States drink almost four times the amount of bottled water than they did 20 years ago, even though tap water supplies in the United States are considered to be among the safest in the world. To understand ‘how do people make a decision on tap or bottled water’, a consumer preferences survey was administered to the Civil and Env...

This volume focuses on practical aspects of sustainable water management in urban areas and presents a discussion of key concepts, methodologies, and case studies of innovative and evolving technologies. Topics include: (1) challenges in urban water resiliency; (2) water and energy nexus; (3) integrated urban water management; and (4) water reuse o...

This chapter explores the viability of urban stream daylighting as a stream restoration and green infrastructure technology. The history and impacts of “traditional” methods of managing urban streams by placing them in underground pipes are presented and then challenged by proposing daylighting as an alternative urban stormwater management techniqu...

Energy demand for water consumption continues to increase globally due to population growth and expanding water infrastructure in urban areas. Energy consumption attributed to water services in urban areas constitutes a significant portion of total energy resources around the world. Since energy is mostly extracted from fossil fuels, urban water in...

The popularity of rainwater harvesting has increased in recent years due to increasing demands on strained water supplies and infrastructure and increasing awareness of the benefits of green stormwater infrastructure. Active rainwater harvesting systems, in which the water is captured and stored in a tank or similar container, can be a major source...

Despite significant advances in watershed science and technology, water availability, water quality, and water related health problems remain a significant worldwide concern [1]. While the concept of watershed-scale management to address these concerns remains intact, most scientists recognize that application of natural science concepts and advanc...

Advances in geospatial analysis, satellite imagery, electronics, computer software, Internet, and wireless technologies provide exciting opportunities for watershed assessment and sustainable management of water resources - the theme of this volume. Topics discussed includes: geospatial, satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies for land us...

Measurements of natural water quality and water quantity are essential to make informed decisions for sustainable management of water resources and ecosystem protection. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, manual or discrete water monitoring techniques were developed and refined for water quality and quantity measurements, and...

This report summarizes results for a three-year study of a single-family home in Key Largo, Florida, supplied by dual water sources, i.e., rooftop rainwater and utility-supplied water for both potable and non-potable uses. The rainwater harvesting system incorporated a water treatment system for potable uses. The study measured captured rainwater a...

This chapter discusses the rationale beyond global expansion of bottled water, components of bottled water industry, and problems associated with bottled water production and consumption; energy demand; health concerns; and plastic pollution. From technology perspective, bottled water can be considered a decentralized water system which distributes...

The volume presents a unique and comprehensive glimpse of current and emerging issues of concern related to potable water. The themes discussed include: (1) historical perspective of the evolution of drinking water science and technology and drinking water standards and regulations; (2) emerging contaminants, water distribution problems and energy...

Purpose This paper aims to report on a study promoting energy conservation on Virginia Tech's campus. It explores whether the behavior of students living in university residence halls would change when various electricity conservation strategies are introduced. Design/methodology/approach Intervention strategies, including educational media, infor...

Conventional water infrastructure in urban environments is based on the centralized approach. This approach consists of building pipe network that provides potable water to consumers and drainage network that transport wastewater and stormwater runoff away from population centers. However, as illustrated in this article, centralized water infrastru...

Acknowledgments

Engineers are increasingly expected to consider several influential criteria when selecting a single best management practice (BMP) for stormwater management. These criteria include site physical characteristics; local, state, and federal pollution control ordinances; stakeholder input, and BMP implementation and long-term maintenance costs. This p...

Since China has the largest population in the world, the available water resources per capita in China are very limited. With the rapid economic development that is currently occurring, the shortage of water resources at the national level has become extremely critical. How to solve the problems due to water scarcity and water pollution has receive...

A design procedure to determine optimum size for a sediment detention pond is presented. The procedure is based on simulating the sediment removal efficiency of the pond in conjunction with temporal variations in rainfall and potential land use and/or management options. The simulation procedure is based on a combined probabilistic-deterministic mo...

With increased water demand, it is expected that by the year 2025 humans will tap 100 percent of available global fresh water resources. However, assessment and improvement of water quality for various uses remains a serious challenge because of the detection of increased levels of pathogens and nonbiological contaminants such as estrogens and phar...

  There is a significant need for a science-based approach to interpret water-monitoring data and to facilitate the rapid transfer of information to water resource managers and the general public. The water quality Index (WQI) is defined as a single numeric score that describes the surface water quality condition at a particular time and location....

This study was mandated by the Virginia General Assembly, Joint Resolution No. 381, which requested the Virginia Water Resources Research Center at Virginia Tech to study desalination issues as part of a strategy to meet the Commonwealth's future drinking water needs.

Traditional research has focused on the visible effects of corrosion--failures, leaks, and financial debits--and often overlooked the more hidden health and aesthetic aspects. Clearly, corrosion of copper pipe can lead to levels of copper in the drinking water that exceed health guidelines and cause bitter or metallic tasting water. Because water w...

The objective of this article is to open a dialogue on integrating service-learning into community based watershed management programs and to discuss opportunities and challenges that a service-learning program presents to universities and communities. The article presents the concept and definition of service-learning, and arguments concerning why...

In 1972, the United States' Clean Water Act established the regulatory concept of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for impaired waters. TMDL is a calculation process that determines the maximum pollutant load a receiving water body can assimilate without causing water quality impairments with respect to established water quality standards. Strea...

: Karst terrane provides a linkage between surface water and ground water regimes by means of caves, sinkholes and swallets, and sinking streams, and facilitates the inter-watershed transfer of water and contaminants through these subsurface systems. The goal of this study was to develop procedures to identify the sources of degradation of a creek...

Discharge from flooded abandoned subsurface coal mines is considered a potential source for water supplies where other acceptable water sources are not available. The objective of this study was to develop procedures for determining sustainability of mine-water discharge using rainfall and discharge data for a case study site. The study site is loc...

A loafing or sacrifice lot is an area located outside of the free stall barn, where a dairy herd spends several hours per day. Sacrifice lots are usually denuded of vegetation and have high concentrations of manure and urine that can contribute significant amounts of sediment, nutrients, and pathogens to nearby surface waters. In this study, stream...

Calibration equations published for a popular granular matrix soil moisture sensor are summarized and compared to newly acquired data. Two different methods of sensor excitation were observed on an oscilloscope in an attempt to explain large discrepancies between two recently published calibration curves. Examination of waveforms impressed on the s...

A soil water balance model (SWBM) was ported to an existing PC-GIS platform. Navigational linkages to PC- GIS database are accomplished by using CLIPPER 5.0 language. User interaction is provided through a set of menus and/or prompts. Soil-, crop-, and climate-related parameters are stored in a database (dBASE III PLUS format) and linked to GIS by...

The objective of this study was to develop a model to simulate the soil water status in no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Model components include routines for determining plant water interception, plant growth, root development, surface runoff and infiltration, plant available soil water, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. A database...

Land reclamation encompasses remediation of industrial wasteland, improvement of infertile land for agricultural production, preservation of wetlands, and restoration of disturbed areas. Land reclamation is an integral part of sustainable development which aims to reconcile economic productivity with environmental preservation. During the 1980s, si...

Simulated rainfall was used on experimental field plots to compare the effect of chemical fertilizer and sludge application on sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus in runoff from no-till and conventional tillage systems. Chemical fertilizer application under the no-till system resulted in the least amount of total N and P in surface runoff. However,...

Simulated rainfall was used on experimental plots to study the effects of three crop residue levels (0, 750, and 1500 kg ha−1) on nitrogen yield in runoff from no-till and conventional tillage systems. The study site was located near Blacksburg, Virginia. Soil type at the research plots belong to Grose-close Series which is predominant in southwest...

Simulated rainfall was used on experimental plots to study the effects of surface and subsurface fertilizer application methods on N yields from no-till and conventional tillage systems. Approximately 100 mm of simulated rainfall with an intensity of 50 mmh−1 was applied to 12 experimental field plots. Two fertilizer application methods, surface ap...

Integrated manure management (IMM) can be defined as the complete on-farm utilization of manure as feed, fuel and fertilizer. Various technologies already in existence for manure treatment can be integrated into crop and animal production systems with slight operational modifications. These technologies include land application and nutrient managem...

The Virginia Geographic Information System (VirGIS) database and the Map Analysis Package (MAP) were used to select an appropriate land application site for sludge from a wastewater treatment facility. The procedure for site selection was based on criteria recommended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and combines the effects of land use...

This article on the title subject is part of the publication's Annual Literature Review, which covers fate and effects of pollutants and other topics. Subjects covered include nonpoint source pollution (NPS) evaluation and management, NPS impact, NPS assessment and models, pesticides and acid rain.