Takeshi Osawa

Takeshi Osawa
Tokyo Metropolitan University | TMU · Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences and Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences

PhD

About

119
Publications
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Publications

Publications (119)
Chapter
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Citizen science is one of new paradigms of science. This concept features various project forms, participants, and motivations and implies the need for attention to ethical issues for every participant, which frequently includes nonacademics. In this chapter, I address ethical issues associated with citizen science projects that focus on the data t...
Chapter
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Citizen science that is involving the public in scientific inquiry has increased with an expected use in social decision-making as a democratized scientific method. Despite the success of citizen science projects, such as enhancing the public understanding of science and contributing to social well-being, the use of these projects in social decisio...
Article
Full-text available
We developed a new ecosystem model to reproduce the nutrient cycle (imaging nitrogen) in ecosystems on the Ogasawara Islands. As in the real ecosystem, the model ecosystem consisted of about 100 species with various properties. Our model, which is based on the food web system, incorporated the following three nutrient cycle processes involved in th...
Preprint
Large pre-trained models (LPMs) have the capabilities to understand natural language, code, and diverse data including images; e.g., large language models (LLMs), code-generative models, and large vision models (LVMs) as well as combined as multi-modal models. We outlines the main applications of LPMs and multi-modal LPMs for ecology and biodiversi...
Article
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In recent years, computer simulation has been increasingly used to predict changes in actual ecosystems. In these studies, snapshots of ecosystems at certain points in time were instantly constructed without considering their evolutionary histories. However, it may not be possible to correctly predict future events unless their evolutionary process...
Preprint
Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing. These models can analyze vast amounts of data, extract meaningful insights, and provide a basis for informed conservation decisions. This paper identifies three main applications of LLMs for ecology and biodiversity conservation: 1) generating codes for model...
Article
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Prediction of the spaces used by animals is an important component of wildlife management, but requires detailed information such as animal visit and occupy in a short span of the target species. Computational simulation is often employed as an effective and economical approach. In this study, the visit and occupy of sika deer (Cervus nippon) durin...
Article
Frogs are both an organism in high conservation need and an important pest control agent in paddy ecosystems, but studies on the determinants of their abundance and their ecological roles in rice paddy fields are limited. Here, we investigated how the abundances of the Tokyo daruma pond frog (Pelophylax porosa porosa), Japanese brown frog (Rana jap...
Article
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Urbanization is recognized as a major threat to biodiversity. Within an urbanized area, habitats such as forests and grasslands are often fragmented. Matrixes between fragmented habitats can influence the biodiversity because some of these can act as habitats for some species (hospitable matrixes). The importance of matrixes for biodiversity within...
Article
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Flood risk reduction is a crucial global issue. Structural measures against floods have an upper limit on their function; thus, when the magnitude of floods exceeds this upper limit, few functions can prevent damage. Non-structural measures such as ecosystem-based strategies for disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) are attracting growing interest. In...
Article
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Climate change may disrupt species–species interactions via phenological changes in one or both species. To predict and evaluate the influence of climate change on these interactions, long-term monitoring and sampling over large spatial areas are required; however, funding and labor constraints limit data collection. In this study, we predict and e...
Article
Using data from two national breeding-bird surveys, the Japan Breeding Bird Atlas and Monitoring Site 1000, we determined the average temperature of forest bird habitats during the breeding season. The mean temperatures of the distribution areas of various bird species (species temperature index: STI) calculated from both surveys were a good match...
Article
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Introduction of alien species is a severe problem in nature-based tourism sites, particularly in islands. However, majority of alien species does not show severe invasive characteristics. Many alien species originate from ornamental species preferred by the general public. Therefore, using these alien species that do not exhibit high invasiveness a...
Chapter
Full-text available
Green infrastructure (GI) comprises widely distributed objects in human residential communities. However, because of the variety of certain objects, it is sometimes difficult to improve public awareness and enhance social implementation of GI. To expand the idea of GI and apply it widely in our society, we should understand clearly what exactly GI...
Chapter
Full-text available
The paddy field is a typical ecosystem in monsoon Asia. The main purpose of a paddy field is food production (i.e., a provisioning ecosystem service), but it also has several other ecosystem services. Therefore, we can consider paddy fields as components of green infrastructure (GI) that are already widely distributed. To maintain and improve the v...
Article
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Unlabelled: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a worldwide lockdown, and this restriction on human movements and activities has significantly affected society and the environment. Some effects might be quantitative, but some might be qualitative, and some effects could prolong immediately and/or persistently. This study examine...
Poster
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Notre société est aujourd'hui confrontée à de profonds changements (biodiversité, climat, pandémie, etc.). Les impacts humains et leur atténuation dépendent de notre capacité à mobiliser la recherche au niveau mondial. Le développement durable de la société dépendra en grande partie du développement sur le long terme d’une science globale et d’outi...
Article
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The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, and predicting their future spread remains challenging. Some insects with wide ran...
Article
Full-text available
Biodiversity informatics is a new and evolving field, requiring efforts to develop capacity and a curriculum for this field of science. The main objective was to summarise the level of activity and the efforts towards developing biodiversity informatics curricula, for work-based training and/or academic teaching at universities, taking place within...
Preprint
Full-text available
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a worldwide lockdown, and this restriction on human movements and activities has significantly affected society and the environment. This study examined the consequences of global lockdown for human movement and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) emissions using an air pollution index and dataset and sat...
Article
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The pragmatic management of invasive alien species should integrate two essential items: 1) management interventions and 2) a spatially explicit management plan. Predicting the future expansion of target species in a region at the early invasion stage is an important step toward the establishment of a spatially explicit management plan. However, in...
Article
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生態系を利用した防災・減災(Ecosystem based Disaster Risk Reduction:Eco-DRR)は、人口減少社会における防災インフラストラクチャー整備の考え方として近年注目が集まっている。国内において大面積を占める土地利用である水田が持つ外水氾濫に対する防災・減災機能は、多面的機能の一部として知られ、近年その評価が進んでいる。水田が持つこの機能を最大限に発揮させるために、外水氾濫が発生しやすい場所を事前に特定し、その周辺の水田を保全しておくことは、一つの有効な手段と考えられる。そこで本研究は、令和元年東日本台風において甚大な被害が発生した那珂川を対象に、河川合流という自然地形に注目し、防災・減災機能が高い水田の立地条件および、現状において治水機能が発揮される可能性...
Poster
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Estamos agora enfrentando mudanças profundas (biodiversidade, clima, pandemia, etc.). Os impactos humanos e sua mitigação dependerão de nossa capacidade de mobilizar pesquisas em nível global. O desenvolvimento sustentável da sociedade dependerá em grande parte do desenvolvimento sustentável da ciência global e das ferramentas de pesquisa científic...
Article
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Natural disturbances, which are important events that are inherent in any ecosystem, can cause disasters to human society. To address these, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) is investigated as a future infrastructure because of its lower cost of implementation and maintenance as well as its provision of different additional ecosyst...
Article
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1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis. 2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an...
Article
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Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF)日本ノードJBIFは、体制を刷新した2012年以降、国内における生物多様性情報に関わる活動の拠点として、生物多様性に関わるデータの整備や公開、それらの支援、普及啓発等の活動を行ってきた。日本は2021年6月をもってGBIFの公式参加国、機関から外れることが決定しているが、JBIFは引き続き同様の活動を継続していく。本稿は、JBIFのこれまでの主な活動をまとめると同時に、国内における生物多様性情報が今後進むべき方向、課題について意見を述べ、日本の生物多様性情報の発展について今後必要と考える事項について提案する。
Poster
Full-text available
We are now facing profound changes (biodiversity, climate, pandemic, etc.). Human impacts and their mitigation will depend on our ability to mobilize research at the global level. The sustainable development of the society will largely depend on the sustainable development of global science and scientific research tools, outputs, and research ecosy...
Article
Full-text available
1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence‐based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis. 2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an...
Preprint
The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, making it difficult to manage them by prediction. Some insects with wide distribut...
Article
Full-text available
Background Although integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for conservation agriculture, this method can be inadequate for severely infected fields. The ability to predict the potential occurrence of severe infestation of soil-borne disease would enable farmers to adopt suitable methods for high-risk areas, such as soil disinfestation, and a...
Article
Ground beetles of suborder Adephaga are often considered bioindicators of natural environments because their habitats and abundances strongly depend upon environmental factors. Although their importance and usefulness are already known, there are limited data regarding voucher specimens in Japan. Biodiversity data based on voucher specimens are of...
Article
As moths of the geometrid group usually live in forests and do not move long distances, they are considered to be valuable as environmental bio‐indicators. Biodiversity data based on voucher specimens should have high quality and reliability. Here, we publish the records of the family Geometridae and the superfamily Pyraloidea (Pyralidae and Crambi...
Article
Full-text available
Land use change could affect not only local species richness but also community assemblies. Essentially, the possible patterns of plant community assemblies are nonrandom species loss (nestedness) and species turnover. Plant community assemblies in human-mediated land use have a combination of both nestedness and turnover. This is because of histor...
Article
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Data papers, such as those published by Ecological Research, encourage the retrieval and archiving of valuable unpublished, undigitized ecological observational data. However, scientists remain hesitant to submit their data to such forums. In this perspective paper, we describe lessons learned from the Long‐Term Ecological Research, the Global Biod...
Article
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Although natural disturbances are inherent in any ecosystem, they can be hazardous to the local residents, indicating that it is necessary to mitigate these disturbances as much as possible appropriately. There has been an increased interest in taking advantage of ecosystem functions for disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) as future infrastructure be...
Article
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Conservation for both biodiversity and ecosystem services are an important issue worldwide. However, knowledge of their relationship remains limited. As habitat structure is strongly related to regional biodiversity, we studied cultural ecosystem services by using habitat structure as a proxy for biodiversity. Specifically, we used human preference...
Article
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Agriculture faces the great challenge of developing strategies to maintain production while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. The trade‐off between crop production and water quality services is one of the most serious issues facing agriculture, and interest in achieving win–win outcomes through management of ecosystem services is growi...
Article
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Biodiversity informatics has been characterized as a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, which aims to bring together the areas of biodiversity and informatics. A study was conducted looking at the current level of activity within the GBIF Participant countries and its associated network in relation to work-based training and/or academic teach...
Article
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This paper discusses how open science can be interlinked with community-based participatory research (CBPR) to address socio-environmental issues. By reviewing three case studies in Japan, the authors developed a theoretical framework to span these inter-actor boundaries by (1) discovering and sharing goals that actors with different interests coul...
Article
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Biodiversity informatics is the application of informatics techniques to ecology and biodiversity sciences. The premise is utilizing natural history collections/data, such as specimens and biodiversity observations, with information and communication technology. During the past two decades, biodiversity informatics has improved dramatically and has...
Article
Thematic mapping is an effective tool for the management of alien species. The spatial scale of this thematic mapping is a key issue because maps at different scales can serve different purposes. Large-scale maps are useful for policy planning, such as eradication or mitigation, whereas small-scale maps are useful for the implementation of manageme...
Article
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Propagule supply and habitat suitability strongly influence the success of invasive alien plants. Thus, an invaded area is likely to have an adequate propagule supply, a suitable habitat, or both for species persistence. Based on this idea, we classified invaded areas into four categories as follows but with establishment still occurring in some ca...
Article
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Context Genetic diversity is one of the most important facets of biological diversity, and changes in the spatial pattern of habitats, often modified by human activity, are believed to have affected the genetic diversity of resident natural populations. Objectives We undertook a landscape genetic analysis in order to determine which landscape feat...
Article
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Aims The invasion success of alien plants is strongly affected by both biological and human-associated factors. Evaluation of the relative contribution of each factor is important not only for the further understanding of invasion processes but also for the better management of invasion risk, particularly in protected areas of high conservation pri...
Article
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Water-intensive systems of rice cultivation are facing major challenges to increase rice grain yield under conditions of water scarcity while also reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The adoption of effective irrigation strategies in the paddy rice system is one of the most promising options for mitigating GHG emissions while maintaining high...
Article
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There are two major processes of species disassembly after landscape changes: non-random loss of species resulting in nested assemblages and species replacement resulting in spatial species turnover. Although time-lagged responses of species to landscape change have been widely recognized, few studies have empirically evaluated which of these two p...
Article
Soil erosion after vegetation degradation induced by disturbance by feral goats, an invasive mammal, can lead to loss or accumulation of soil at a local scale and can alter soil chemical properties. This alteration of soil properties can in turn affect the establishment of plant species. We evaluated relationships among the extent of soil erosion,...
Article
Environmental fluctuations can influence invertebrate population dynamics over large spatial scales, and effects of climate change are of particular importance in understanding phenology. In this study, we tested whether changing climate patterns could increase voltinism and emergence synchrony in Stenotus rubrovittatus and drive the mirid bug's ex...
Article
Detecting dispersal pathways is important both for understanding species range expansion and for managing nuisance species. However, direct detection is difficult. Here, we propose detecting these crucial pathways using a virtual ecology approach, simulating species dynamics using models, and virtual observations. As a case study, we developed a di...
Article
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is facing major challenges, including scarcity of irrigation water and ongoing climate change. Modifications of the current cropping techniques could increase yield, save water, and mitigate greenhouse gas emission. We investigated the effect of planting methods (young seedlings, wide spacing with alternate wetting...
Article
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An unnoticed establishment of Pheidole parva complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to Chichi-jima Island of the Ogasawara Islands, which were nominated as a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site, was recognized in 2007. Furthermore, P. megacephala, a famous invasive ant species, has also been highly prevalent in Chichi-jima Island in recent years. Since t...
Article
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Background Scientific field observation by members of the public is known as citizen science and has become popular all across the world. Citizen science is advantageous for collecting large amounts of scientific data and can be seen as a crowdsourcing approach to data collection. Information and communications technology is enhancing the availabil...
Article
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Background: Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) are a classic indicator taxon for evaluating the health of natural environments. However, studies of spiders' responses to forest succession under natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes are lacking. Yakushima Island in southwestern Japan has a unique forest ecosystem, and part of the island is design...
Article
Since the release of the G8 Open Data Charter in 2013, the word "open data" has already become established in our society in several fields, such as government and academics. However, there is no strict definition and few case studies on "open data" yet. Therefore, many potential participants cannot find what is the good practices for both providin...
Article
The essential purpose of agriculture is sustainable food production. Also agricultural ecosystem has another ecosystem functions including biodiversity conservation. Although traditional agricultural practices maintained biodiversity, recent modern agricultural activities may have negative consequences on biodiversity. Previous studies showed that...
Article
Shared ecological data have the potential to revolutionize ecological research just as shared genetic sequence data have done for biological research. However, for ecological data to be useful, it must first be discoverable. A broad-scale research topic may require that a researcher be able to locate suitable data from a variety of global, regional...
Article
Citizen science is a recent major research approach in conservation ecology. However, citizen science focused on the publication of papers is just one part of this concept. Citizen science has broader significance that includes education, nature experience, and public awareness. To popularize citizen science and make it sustainable, it is important...
Article
Human-driven land-use changes often cause a decline in biodiversity. Although traditional agricultural practices maintained biodiversity at high levels, recent land-use changes may have negative consequences on species composition. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that land consolidation, which is a major recent land-use change in agricult...
Article
In 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant accident resulted in the evacuation of about 81,000 people from the evacuation zone, which suffered from high levels of radioactive contamination. Large-scale and long-term land abandonment can cause changes in species assemblages. Despite the extensive global attention this incident received, open and spa...
Article
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Containment is a realistic goal in invasive species management. In this study, we developed a protocol for establishing a containment plan for an alien snail Helix aspersa (Cornu aspersum), using government occurrence records, i.e., presence/ absence. To establish a containment plan, we need to predict occurrences strictly because the containment p...
Article
In this study, we propose a method for estimating the risk of agricultural damage caused by an invasive species when species-specific information is lacking. We defined the “risk” as the product of the invasion probability and the area of potentially damaged crop for production. As a case study, we estimated the risk imposed by an invasive weed, Si...
Article
Many introduced species can co-exist within the same ecosystem and sometimes interact with each other. Under such situations, eradication of one species may cause unexpected negative effects. Nakoudo-jima in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands is an oceanic island that had feral goats that were introduced in the 1880s, but eradicated in 1999. Following t...
Article
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Exogenous selection via interactions between organisms and environments may influence the dynamics of hybrid zones between species in multiple ways. Two major models of a hybrid zone allowed us to hypothesize that environmental conditions influence hybrid zone dynamics in two ways. In the first model, an environmental gradient determines the mosaic...
Article
本文書は投稿・審査中の未定稿であり、あくまでも参考としてご活用ください。論文が掲載された後は、それを引用してご活用ください。 This document is a pre-print, being under the process of submission and review for publication in a journal. Thus, please cite it as an article of the journal, once the document is accepted and published.
Article
本文書は投稿・審査中の未定稿であり、あくまでも参考としてご活用ください。論文が掲載された後は、それを引用してご活用ください。 This document is a pre-print, being under the process of submission and review for publication in a journal. Thus, please cite it as an article of the journal, once the document is accepted and published.
Article
Land-use changes, including agricultural intensification and farmland abandonment, influence biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. However, few studies have focused on how the two major land-use changes affect different types of species at landscape scales. This study examined the relationships between the richness and abundance of five bird gro...
Article
Full-text available
Miscanthus sinensis-dominated semi-natural grassland is one component of a typical Satoyama landscape. M. sinensis most notably forms ring patches as a result of human management, which includes the removal of aboveground stems by burning. In this study, I hypothesized that M. sinensis aids the coexistence of several plant species under managed con...
Article
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Feeding by invasive Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) causes severe damage to natural vegetation, especially on the forest floor. Although several studies have examined the effects of Sika deer, few have focussed on the early stages of deer invasion. Here, we examine the effects of Sika deer feeding on forest floors in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan, whi...
Article
An understanding of land-use change and its drivers in agroecosystems is important when developing adaptations to future environmental and socioeconomic pressures. Agricultural abandonment occurs worldwide with multiple potentially positive and negative consequences; however, the main factors causing agricultural abandonment in a country i.e., at t...
Article
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Land use data serve as an essential part of large-scale ecological research, such as landscape ecology and macroecological studies. For agricultural fields in Japan, existing time series statistical records can be used to convert map data according to a map of municipality units. In this data paper, we determined the areas of agricultural land use...
Article
Before invasion, or in its early stages, information on the invader in target areas is generally extremely limited. In such situations, managers must select focal areas in which to concentrate control and mitigation efforts. Here, we discuss a rapid method for selecting areas in which to control invasive aquatic species based on limited information...
Article
To manage the expansion of bamboo forests efficiently, it is necessary to predict where expansion is likely. However, predicting bamboo distribution using statistical models is challenging due to biased distributions, heterogeneous invasion histories, and strong neighbor effects. Furthermore, clonal and invasive species such as bamboo show a non-li...
Article
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The diversity of insect species in cultivated fields provides a number of ecosystem benefits, including natural pest control and pollination. However, current knowledge of the insect fauna in agricultural landscapes is extremely limited when compared with information available for other ecosystems, such as forests and rivers. Here, we present data...
Article
To conserve indigenous natural ecosystem and help in the recovery of natural vegetation on Nakoudojima Island, which is a subtropical oceanic island in Ogasawara Islands in Japan, we clarified the mechanisms of the changes in soil chemical properties as affected by soil erosion and seabird activities on the island. Under grassland vegetation where...
Article
Road density and proportion of urban area are considered to be useful indicators of invasion risk from non-native plants. However, the mechanisms behind the relationship between these indicators and establishment of non-native species have rarely been addressed explicitly. To identify these mechanisms, we used a species distribution model (MaxEnt)...
Article
Urbanization is one of the key factors in the population declines of many species. Conversely, some species may favor urbanized areas. The barn swallow Hirundo rustica is well known to breed in urban areas of Japan, and uses both urban and farmland areas as habitat during the breeding season. Specifically, this species often nests on concrete build...
Article
Biogeography, an interdisciplinary field drawing on evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and conservation biology, aims to elucidate the processes shaping species distributions from both ecological and historical perspectives. Since the 1990s, biogeography has been advanced by the growth of phylogeography, with its basis in genetic analysis. Ne...
Article
Although several studies have demonstrated that disturbance contributes to species’ diversity, little emphasis has been placed on the identification of species’ coexistence mechanisms related to life history traits. In this study, we compared species’ richness and components of plant communities around river confluences to explore how disturbance p...
Chapter
Land-use/cover data are essential to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services. Although many data and maps have been produced in Japan, there is significant variation in their characteristics, such as publication year, spatial resolution, and land-use/cover classification categories because the purposes of the data and maps differ (e.g., resour...
Article
Invasive alien species (IAS) pose serious threats to native ecosystems worldwide. In some regions, laws and/or lists related to alien species have been made, but their effects on actual measures against alien species have been little studied. In Japan the IAS act, which came into force in 2005, lists many harmful species under the heading “Designat...