Tajudheen Karatt

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Manager at Central Veterinary Research Laboratory

The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors constitute a relatively modern class of medications that are known for inducing bronchodilation and exhibiting anti‐inflammatory properties within the body. Due to these properties, there is concern regarding their potential misuse as performance‐enhancing substances in competitive sports. This study delves...

Rationale Hypoxen is a medication known for providing individuals with a “second wind,” by lowering the threshold for muscle fatigue and enhancing the body's efficiency under challenging conditions. Athletes who have used this medication report enhanced training outcomes and increased physical endurance. It is crucial to emphasize that hypoxen is n...

Rationale Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are a newer class of drugs that induce bronchodilation and have anti‐inflammatory effects, making them susceptible to misuse as performance enhancers in competitive sports. Methods This study explores the metabolic conversion of PDE4 inhibitor ibudilast in thoroughbred horses after oral administratio...

A dopamine reuptake inhibitor is a type of medication or substance that works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine reuptake inhibitors offer multiple effects, including increased alertness, improved mood, and therapeutic potential for conditions like depression, ADHD, and Parkinson's disease. HDMP‐28, or methylnaphthidate, is...

Rationale: Sickle cell disease, a debilitating genetic disorder affecting numerous newborns globally, has historically received limited attention in pharmaceutical research. However, recent years have witnessed a notable shift, with the Food and Drug Administration approving three innovative disease-modifying medications. Voxelotor, also known as G...

Rationale Recently, there has been a report suggesting that ecdysteroids can enhance sports performance, making them relevant substances in doping control. Hence, it is imperative to examine the analytical characteristics of ecdysteroids in biological samples to identify their misuse in competitive sports. Methods To assess the doping of ecdystero...

Rationale The formation of mass adducts is common during electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). However, the mechanism that leads to adduct formation is poorly understood and difficult to control. Multiplication of mass adducts at once will adversely impact the sensitivity of mass analysis and cause misinterpretation of the level of de...

Non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of compounds that have not yet been clinically approved; however, they appear to have a better anabolic/androgenic ratio than steroids and cause slighter side effects. Sports drug testing laboratories are required to maintain continuously updated doping control analytica...

RATIONALE Since 2010, there has been an increasing number of adverse analytical findings related to selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in competitive sports. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive doping control analytical procedures that are capable of detecting SARM misuse. METHODS In this study, it is described how LY2452473,...

An effective alternative to testosterone therapy is selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), a class of compounds that have a tissue-specific effect on muscle and bone. These drugs, which enhance performance, pose a severe abuse risk in competitive sports. GLPG0492 is one of the SARMs discovered in recent decades. This compound has a unique...

RATIONALE According to previous research articles, aminorex is the major metabolite of levamisole; however, in the screening of levamisole positive racehorse urine and plasma samples, aminorex could only be detected in trace amounts or not at all. In forensic laboratories, hydroxy levamisole and its phase II conjugates make it easier to confirm lev...

A number of erythropoiesis stimulants are entering the final stage of clinical trials due to recent scientific progress in hypoxia‐regulated erythropoiesis. Considering how erythropoiesis‐stimulating compounds enhance the capacity of the organism to transport oxygen, they pose a great risk of being misused as performance enhancers. In this paper, w...

RATIONALE: It is important to remember that performance-enhancing agents such as non-peptide growth hormone secretagogues present a significant risk of abuse. Ibutamoren (MK-0677) is a potent, long-acting, selective non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue that can be taken orally. METHODS: This study examines ibutamoren and its metabolites in thor...

Performance-enhancing substances and methods have become a serious problem in competitive sports. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers can enhance the organism's capacity for molecular oxygen transport and are likely to be abused as performance-enhancing agents in sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of the popular Hypoxi...

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/author/6WURKEIDIAGKQYNSPQCG?target=10.1002/rcm.9201 Rationale: Interest in growth hormone secretagogues has intensified during the past several years based on capable, ever-widening investigational applications of recombinant growth hormone in animals and humans. Ibutamoren is a potent, long-acting, selective...

Corticoids have found their way into the globe of sports, due to their anti-inflammatory properties, and have often found to be added to dietary supplements for illegally improving the effectiveness of their products. Earlier studies describe the detection of corticoids in several matrices, but this can be an incessant and continuous process as lon...

Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer belongs to a novel class of pharmacologically active substances, which are capable of inducing the endogenous erythropoietic system. The transcriptional activator HIF has been shown to significantly increase blood haemoglobin, and is well set for the treatment of chronic kidney disease resulted anaemia. Thi...

The transcriptional activator HIF (hypoxia‐inducible factor) is a vital arbitrator in the performance of cellular responses lacking oxygen supply in aerobic organisms. Since these compounds are capable of enhancing the organism's capacity for molecular oxygen transport, they possess great potential for abuse as a performance‐enhancing agent in spor...

ACP‐105 is a novel non‐steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with a tissue‐specific agonist effect and does not have side effects associated with the use of common androgens. This research, reports a comprehensive study for the detection of ACP‐105 and its metabolites in racehorses after oral administration (in vivo) and postulatin...

Recently, an increased tendency to use various metals has been observed in the sports competition fields. Many of these metals and their organic complexes reportedly have good pharmacologic, therapeutic and performance-enhancement uses; they are banned or recommended as controlled medications in competitive sports. The objective of this research wa...

In this paper, reported a simple, relatively fast and very sensitive method for the enantiomeric separation of racemorphan (i.e. dextrorphan and levorphanol) by using normal phase chiral liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The resolution (R = 1.54) of dextrorphan and levorphanol was achieved using the Lux i-amylose-1 column (5 μm, 150 x 4.6 mm...

The detection and separation of medetomidine enantiomers from the complex biological matrices poses a great analytical challenge, especially in the field of forensic toxicology and pharmacology. Couple of researchers reported resolution of medetomidine using protein‐based chiral columns, but the reported method is quiet challenging and tedious to b...

Mass spectral analyses of dexamethasone and betamethasone reveal intense signals at m/z 373.19994 (using a Thermo Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC+ operated in the positive ion mode), matching the signal of meprednisone, the 11-oxo version of methylprednisolone, along with its parent signal; possi...

BACKGROUND Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that many manufacturers began adding tetramisole or its individual isomers to cocaine as an adulterant, and believed that tetramisole may augment cocaine’s effects. In recent times there is an increased trend in the usage of tetramisole and its individual enantiomer in race sports especially in h...

Chiral considerations are found to be very much relevant in various aspects of forensic toxicology and pharmacology. In forensics, it has become increasingly important to identify the chirality of doping agents to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical findings. The scope of this study was to develop an liquid chromatography–mass sp...

In this paper, reported a simple, relatively fast and very sensitive method for the enantiomeric separation of racemorphan (i.e. dextrorphan and levorphanol) by using normal phase chiral liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The resolution (R = 1.54) of dextrorphan and levorphanol was achieved using the Lux i-amylose-1 column (5 μm, 150 x 4.6 mm...

An efficient method for the separation and identification of 14 enantiomeric drugs of interest has been developed. Enantiomeric separation with good resolution and repeatability was achieved by using Phenomenex Lux amylose chiral columns. Both the amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) and the amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) stati...

Chirality is one of the most important considerations when controlling doping. The epimeric corticosteroids dexamethasone and betamethasone are significantly potent and long-acting, and they are highly abused in equestrian sports. The scope of this study was to develop a simple and reliable analytical method for simultaneously identifying and separ...

The major challenge in identifying dexamethasone, betamethasone, and paramethasone from a mixture of these corticosteroids is difficulty in achieving an efficient separation. In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient technique to identify these co‐eluting isomers based on the mass spectral patterns of them and their corresponding phase II met...