Tabbi Wilberforce Awotwe

• BSc. MSc. Ph.D SFHEA CEngMIMechE, MIET MEI
• Lecturer(Assistant Professor) at King's College London

The adoption of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) is of great significance in diverse industries, as they provide high efficiency and environmental advantages, enabling the transition to sustainable and clean energy solutions. This study aims to enhance the output power of PEM-FCs by employing the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System...

A proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is fed with water and powered by electric power to electrochemically produce hydrogen at low operating temperatures and emits oxygen as a by-product. Due to the complex nature of the performance of PEM electrolyzers, the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of predicting its dyna...

The parameter identification of a PEMFC is the process of using optimization algorithms to determine the ideal unknown variables suitable for the development of an accurate fuel-cell-performance prediction model. These parameters are not always available from the manufacturer’s datasheet, so they need to be determined to accurately model and predic...

The main target is the maximization of the output power of PEM “proton exchange membrane” fuel cell via fuzzy modelling and optimization. In the beginning, using the experimental data, a robust fuzzy model is designed for simulating the PEM fuel cell using the relative humidity (%) and stoichiometric ratio at the anode and cathode. Then, the artifi...

Although there is growth in electrochemical system applications such as batteries and fuel cells to power land and air transportation and the current push for hydrogen technology, modeling and control design of thermal and power aspects of such systems is not commonly taught. To incorporate such content, an educational learning hardware system with...

Fuel cell electric vehicles have the advantages of simple assembly, higher efficiency, and quiet operation compared to any other propulsion method. While there is a clear road map on the future of fuel cell electric vehicles, there is still a need for a paradigm shift to relent on using fossil fuels as soon as possible. The majority of the reviewed...

For many electrical systems, such as renewable energy sources, their internal parameters are exposed to degradation due to the operating conditions. Since the model’s accuracy is required for establishing proper control and management plans, identifying their parameters is a critical and prominent task. Various techniques have been developed to ide...

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is used for converting temperature difference and into DC directly to electric energy based on the Seebeck effect. This new technology has attracted researchers of sustainable energy. The energy obtained from the TEG depends on the temperature difference between the two sides of the TEG. A reliable MPP “maximum powe...

The increased interest in renewable-based microgrids imposes several challenges, such as source integration, power quality, and operating cost. Dealing with these problems requires solving nonlinear optimization problems that include multiple linear or nonlinear constraints and continuous variables or discrete ones that require large dimensionality...

This investigation delves into the production of green hydrogen with the aid of a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer with its source of energy harnessed from wind using a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The integrated numerical approach was adopted in the simulation environment of MATLAB, Simulink, and Simscape™ to develop the comprehensi...

Micromobility is dominant in urban areas, enhancing the transportation sustainability and assisting in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This work provides an overall assessment of micromobility: its role under SDGs, policy options, micromobility regulations, emerging technologies, utilisation determinants, energy...

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is fueled with liquid methanol coupled with air to produce power at reasonably lower operational conditions while resulting in by-products of carbon dioxide and water, which is more environmentally friendly. Due to the complexity associated with the performance of direct methanol fuel cell, the application of artifi...

The recovery of waste heat from Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cell is sin qua non to the development of organic Rankin cycle units. Despite the appreciable increase in the sale of PEM fuel cell units in 2021, the waste heat from some of these fuel cell units is typified by large fluctuations in mass flow rate as well as temperature which is m...

In this paper, a modified bald eagle search optimization algorithm was applied for the first time to determine the parameters of the triple diode model (TDM) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two experimental datasets are considered; the first is measured I–V points for a PSC at standard conditions. The second consists of the measured I–V points fo...

Fossil fuels are no longer accepted as the sole energy source with their environmental impacts and fluctuating price. Green hydrogen is considered a potential candidate for fossil fuel soon—however, hydrogen is facing the challenges of storage and transportation. Green ammonia, with its ease of transport and storage, is another promising alternativ...

Nowadays, the cooling of electronic components that are widely spread globally is considered a critical issue. Designers and engineers alike confront major obstacles in electronic devices, the main one being how to find a reliable method to overcome the issues of dissipating high heat flux and ensuring the acceptable limit of operating temperature....

The Conceive Design Implement Operate (CDIO) initiative is an innovative engineering education framework aiming to produce industry-ready graduates. Over the past two decades, the approach has been increasingly popular, particularly in the mechanical engineering field, thanks to its practical approach and outcome-based assessments. However, the CDI...

The sudden increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to the high dependency on fossil products has created the need for an urgent solution to mitigate this challenge. Global warming, which is a direct result of excessive CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, is one major issue that the world is trying to curb, especia...

The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related...

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have gained popularity in the last few decades due to their numerous advantages when deployed in urban areas. Despite this, Vertical axis wind turbines have complex aerodynamics, dynamic stall, hence lower performance. Low/zero starting torque, noise, visual impact, as well as blade safeness are further hurdles w...

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) uses hydrogen as fuel to generate electricity and by-product water at relatively low operating temperatures, which is environmentally friendly. Since PEMFC performance characteristics are inherently nonlinear and related, predicting the best performance for the different operating conditions is essenti...

The search for sustainable but environmentally friendly medium of harnessing energy for the automotive industry has led to the evolution of various energy generating and converting devices. One of such energy converting device is fuel cells. Despite the merits associated to the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, issues relati...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute considerably towards increasing greenhouse effect. Carbon capture and storage can reduce CO2 emissions to a great extent but lacks economic feasibility. The economic feasibility of CO2 capture could be boosted by utilizing the captured gas to produce valuable end products. CO2 is a highly stable molecule; t...

Voltage, as well as current from proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), is reliant on various working and structural parameters, such as operating pressure, temperature, humidity, and membrane thickness. Optimizing such operating and structural parameters will significantly improve the cell's power output. Therefore, the primary goal of the...

This work discusses the novel application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in the transport sector as well as portable applications. This kind of fuel cell produces a considerable quantity of heat while in operation. This quantity of heat is about 45–60% of entire energy composition of the hydrogen that is introduced into the cell. A...

Internal combustion engines is gradually decreased with the recent evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) in the automotive industry. Electric motors are replacing the energy systems mainly to improve the powertrain's efficiency and ensure they are environmentally friendly. These novel powertrains are designed to operate solely on batteries or superc...

One of the primary issues in the modelling of fuel cell is the determination of specific boundary conditions often deduced from the manufacturer of the fuel cell. Realistically, not all data is available from the manufacturers data sheet hence to improve the accuracy as well as predict the performance of the cell, all these information need to be d...

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a more environmentally friendly alternative to deliver electric power in various applications, including in the transportation industry. As PEMFC performance characteristics are inherently nonlinear and involved, the prediction of the performance in a given application for different operating conditio...

Nowadays heat pipes are considered to be popular passive heat transfer technologies due to their high thermal performance. The heat pipe is a superior heat transfer apparatus in which latent heat of vaporization is employed to transfer heat for an extended distance under a limited operating temperature difference. Numerical simulation of heat trans...

Fuel cells (FCs) have received huge attention for development from lab and pilot scales to full commercial scale. This is mainly due to their inherent advantage of direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy as a high-quality energy supply and, hence, higher conversion efficiency. Additionally, FCs have been produced at a wide range o...

Carbon capture (CC), along with the efforts to reduce carbon emissions at the source, is a major action toward the mitigation of climate change and global warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Carbon emissions amount to 36.3 Gt-CO2 in 2021 from 31.5 Gt-CO2 in 2022, with a drop of about 1.5 Gt-CO2 in 2020 relative to 2019 due to the C...

The optimum output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is dependent on operational conditions such as fuel pressure, oxidant pressure, fuel flow rate, and oxidant flow rate. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to enhance performance of PEMFC by identifying optimal operating parameters of PEMFC. The proposed strategy includes bot...

The continuous rapid growth of the world population over the coming decade remains a crucial issue that requires ambitious innovations such as electric vehicles (EVs) to decarbonize the transportation sector. Temperature sensitivity is a critical issue in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for EVs. The control of the working temperature lithium-ion batte...

Sustainable energy storage medium has increased significantly in recent times. Air contamination, which is widely considered to be harmful to an ecological niche, has fuelled the growth of sustainable energy sources. On the other hand, adopting sustainable energy technology can create significant issues for keeping the grid stable. With variations...

The requirement for passive cooling strategies in buildings has great attention in almost all countries, where hot temperatures are predominant throughout the year. The ventilation process is a crucial necessity for a healthy lifestyle and its significance is additionally highlighted through the contemporary universal outbreak of Covid-19. One of t...

Solar thermal power technologies are promising renewable energy sources that could replace the conventional fossil fuel power plants. Parabolic trough collector (PTC), linear Fresnel reflector (LFR), solar power tower (SPT), and Solar power dish (SPD) are the commercial concentrated solar thermal power technologies. Technical, economical, and envir...

Commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells can only materials provided its performance is closely related to existing technologies useful in commercial application. Other critical parameters like the utilization of cheaper materials should be taken into account during the manufacturing of the cell. A key component in the cell that has...

The COVID‐19 pandemic has hit the globe severely over 2020‐2021, and continues in 2022. The pandemic has affected all aspects of modern life and different sectors, leading to a change in health care, lifestyle, and economic performance. This investigation explores the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the renewable energy (RE) sector, among the se...

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device that can directly convert heat into electricity without any intermediate energy forms such as work in the conventional power generation cycles. Waste heat recovery (WHR) is looking to recover such energy and utilize it for useful applications. The heat transfer efficiency from a waste heat (WH) stream to...

Background Biogas is one of the promising renewable energy sources that successfully implemented at domestic and industrial scales. This work presents a preliminary evaluation of the role and contribution of biogas as a sustainable energy source towards achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Methods This work summarizes the common fee...

The energy transition is a pathway toward transformation of the global energy sector from fossil-based to zero-carbon by the second half of this century. At its heart is the need to reduce energy-related CO2 emissions to limit climate change. Decarbonization of the energy sector requires urgent action on a global scale, and while a global energy tr...

Latent heat based thermal energy storage technology is quite promising due to its reasonable cost and high energy storage capacity. This technology is partially developed. The accelerated transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources have attracted researchers to shift their focus towards demonstrating thermal energy storage utilizing l...

Metal–air batteries are a promising technology that could be used in several applications, from portable devices to large-scale energy storage applications. This work is a comprehensive review of the recent progress made in metal-air batteries MABs. It covers the theoretical considerations and mechanisms of MABs, electrochemical performance, and th...

This study analyses the impact of particle polydispersity using the Eulerian-Eulerian (EE) and Lagrangian-Eulerian (LE) modelling approaches in the context of wellbore cleaning operations in the drilling industry. Spherical particles of sizes 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm and 1 mm are considered, whereas a Power Law rheological model is used for the fluid phase...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are energy conversion devices that simultaneously produce electricity while degrading the wastewater's organic materials. Despite the high potential of the MFCs for wastewater treatment, the relatively low power output and the cost of commercially available electrode materials impact their commercialization negatively. C...

The rapid progress in the global population and technical advances have resulted in exponential growth in the use of fossil fuels. These are not only limited in resources but also have a severe environmental impact. The accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), more specifically carbon emissions, in the environment has resulted in severe health issu...

Significant research efforts are directed towards finding new ways to reduce the cost, increase efficiency, and decrease the environmental impact of power-generation systems. The poly-generation concept is a promising strategy that enables the development of a sustainable power system. Over the past few years, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell...

Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance...

To meet the increasing energy demand, renewable energy is considered the best option. Its patronage is being encouraged by both the research and industrial community. The main driving force for most renewable systems is solar energy. It is abundant and pollutant free compared to fossil products. Wind energy is also considered an abundant medium of...

This work presents a mathematical modelling of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system integrated with a resistive variable load. The model was implemented using MATLAB Simulink software, and it was used to calculate the fuel cell electric current and voltage at various steady-state conditions. The electric current was determined by the...

Fuel cells (FCs) have gained increasing attention over the past few years as sustainable energy conversion devices. This is mainly due to their high efficiency due to the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy (the most desirable energy form). Despite the high-energy conversion efficiency of FC, still substantial part of the pr...

Enhancing the energy efficiency of structures has been a staple of energy policies. The key goal is to slash electricity usage in order to minimize the footprint of houses. This goal is sought by putting restrictions on the design specifications with respect to the properties of the raw materials and components as well as the exploitation of sustai...

The building block of all economies across the world is subject to the medium in which energy is harnessed. Renewable energy is currently one of the recommended substitutes for fossil fuels due to its environmentally friendly nature. Wind energy, which is considered as one of the promising renewable energy forms, has gained lots of attention in the...

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world hardly as of the beginning of 2020 and quickly spread worldwide from its first-reported point in early Dec. 2019. By mid-March 2021, the COVID-19 almost hit all countries worldwide, with about 122 and 2.7 million confirmed cases and deaths, respectively. As a strong measure to stop the infection spread and de...

Living organisms' energy conversion is considered as an essential and sustainable green energy source and future bio-hybrid technologies. Recently, plants were used after harvesting as biomass in bio-fermentation as an energy source. In bio-electrochemical systems, microorganisms work with plants to generate electricity, hydrogen, or methane. This...

This review presents a detailed summary of the latest technologies used in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS). This paper covers the types of technologies and systems employed within FESS, the range of materials used in the production of FESS, and the reasons for the use of these materials. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the ty...

A key medium for energy generation globally is the solar energy. The present work evaluates the challenges of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPVT) required for various applications from techno-economic and environmental points of view. Many challenges are found for applying solar photovoltaics (PVs) modules combined with building systems: suppl...

This investigation conducted a thorough review of the application of nanomaterial to improve the performance of phase change material (PCM) for energy storage application. It was deduced that issues pertaining to thermal conductivity coupled with a leakage are key factors restricting the wider application of PCM. In this regard, the application of...

A low cost bipolar plate materials with a high fuel cell performance is important for the establishment of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM ) fuel cells into the competitive world market. In this research, the effect of different bipolar plates material such as Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Stainless Steel (SS) of a single stack of proton exchange m...

Heat exchangers are widely utilized in different thermal systems for diverse industrial aspects. The selection of HEx depends on the thermal efficiency, operating load, size, flexibility in operation, compatibility with working fluids, better temperature and flow controls, and comparatively low capital and maintenance costs. Heat transfer intensifi...

This investigation summarised the application of nanofluids in heat exchangers (HExs). The quest for heat devices with quick response for the industrial sector is still a major challenge that has been an active research direction over the years. Addressing this issue is likely to increase the capacity of several industries. There is a direct relati...

Heat is the most common form of energy either in final or intermediate forms, with the latter enabling energy conversion to other useful forms. Heat is primarily sourced from fossil fuels representing about 80% of the global primary energy supply. However, heat is usually associated with high energy losses as waste heat. Energy conversion losses am...

The aim of this research is to develop research methodology and provide insight into the viability of using Open Pore Cellular Foam (OPCF) material in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolysers. Analysis have therefore been carried out on three different types of electrolyser geometries. A PEM electrolyser is considered with serpentine, mesh...

Ground heat exchangers are surrounded by grout material, making it one of the most important components in geothermal energy applications since it significantly affects the system's thermal performance. The current study reviews the different types of grout materials and compares their thermophysical properties. The most critical parameter is the g...

Heat transfer operations are very common in the process industry to transfer a huge amount of thermal energy, i.e., heat, from one fluid for different purposes. Many fluids are used as heat transfer fluid (HTF), in which water is the most common HTF due to its high specific heat, availability, and affordability. However, conventional HTFs, includin...

A biocompatible graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared on the surface of carbon brush fiber (CB) via a facile one-step preparation method. The prepared g-C3N4 formed a composite with the carbon brush’s fibers (g-C3N4@CB), as shown from the XRD analysis. The g-C3N4@CB was used as an anode in a yeast-based microbial fuel cell (MFC), and demon...

Renewable energy technologies have the potential to replace fossil fuels as the main energy source in the world, but this will need to be hand in hand with compatible and practical energy storage solutions. This manuscript aims to provide the state of the art of graphene-based materials, their synthesis and applications, and how can they used to im...

This article presents a review of the applications incorporating waste heat recovery (WHR) and phase change materials (PCM). PCM can provide stability to WHR systems by smoothing the output power and contributing to peak shavings. The current study also compares the utilization of PCM and sensible storage in which the former can increase the heat s...

Water desalination has become a reliable tool to meet the increasing water demand in areas with a shortage of freshwater resources. Thermal and membrane desalination processes have been dominating desalination for decades, however, it has the demerits of extensive energy demand and harsh environmental impact. Accordingly, the search for more energy...

This investigation explores recent advancements in piezoelectric sensors and materials. The article starts by explaining the bases leading to piezo and ferroelectric activity coupled with a discussion on lead zirconate titanate. In spite of the progress made in piezoelectric sensors, the development of lead-free piezoelectric materials is the futur...