T. Szentimrey

• Hungarian Meteorological Service

In this work, we present results of the development of an observation‐based gridded climate dataset (ClimUAd), which covers the territory of Ukraine for the period of 1946–2020. The spatial resolution of the developed data is 0.1° × 0.1° (approximately 10 km in both longitude and latitude directions), with a 1‐day time step. Four essential climate...

Our method MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data Basis; Szentimrey and Bihari) was developed for spatial interpolation of meteorological elements. According to mathematical theorems, the optimal interpolation parameters are known functions of certain climate statistical parameters, which fact means we could interpolat...

The earlier versions of our method MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization; Szentimrey) were developed for homogenization of the daily and monthly data series in the mean, i.e., the first order moment. The software MASH was developed as an interactive automatic, artificial intelligence (AI) system that simulates the human intelligence...

There are several methods and software for the homogenization of climate data series but there is not any exact mathematical theory of homogenization. As we see, the basic problem of homogenization is the unreasonable dominance of the practical procedures over the theory. Therefore we try to formulate some questions of homogenization in accordance...

In addition to the one-dimensional mathematical statistical methods used to study the climate and its possible variations, the study of several elements together is also worthwhile. Here, a combined analysis of precipitation and temperature time series was performed using the norm method based on the probability distribution of the elements. This m...

Climate studies, particularly those that are related to climate change, require long, high-quality controlled data sets, which are representative both spatially and temporally. Changing the conditions of measurements, for example relocating the station, or changing the frequency and timing of measurements, or changing the instruments used can cause...

The joint examination of the climate time series may be efficient methodology for the characterization of extreme weather and climate events. In general, the main difficulties are connected with the different probability distribution of the variables and the handling of the stochastic connection between them. The first problem can be solved by the...

The trend analysis of meteorological time series has gained prominence in recent decades, the most common method being the so-called ‘linear analytical trend analysis’. Until the mid-1990s, trend analysis was commonly performed on non-homogenized data sets, which frequently led to erroneous conclusions. Nowadays, only homogenized data sets are exam...

Authors would like to change the first name and surname of the authors from Izsák Beatrix and Szentimrey Tamás to Beatrix IZSÁK and Tamás SZENTIMREY.

The paper presents the results of geospatial interpolation of climatological data (monthly averages of daily minimum, Tn, maximum, Tx and mean, Tm, air temperature in Ukraine) into a regular grid with the spatial resolution of 0.1º. The interpolation has been conducted by means of the meteorological software MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based...

Draft guidance on the homogenisation of climate station data of the World Meteorological Organisation.

As part of the COST Action HOME a dataset has been generated that will serve as a benchmark for homogenisation algorithms. Members of the Action and third parties have been invited and are still welcome to homogenise this dataset. The results of this exercise was analysed to obtain recommendations for a standard homogenisation procedure and are des...

Climate atlases provide an excellent overview of a region's climate in the form of maps and disclose information about climate change. They constitute a valuable tool for easy access and management of climate information for a wide range of users including scientists, policymakers, resource managers and urban planners. The main aim of this work was...

The harmonized data derived in CARPATCLIM project has enabled the presentation of the most comprehensive picture of trends of extreme temperatures in the Carpathian Region. A set of climate change indicators derived from daily temperature data, focusing on extreme events, was computed and analyzed in this study. Annual extreme indices for the perio...

The Bayes estimation theory is the mathematical background of the data assimilation methods in meteorology. According to the Bayes theorem, the conditional density function of atmospheric state, given observations and background, can be expressed by the conditional density function of atmospheric state, given background, and the conditional density...

The past two decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century have been characterized by global temperature rise and increased frequency of weather-induced extreme events such as floods, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heat waves. We investigated the heat and the cold waves in the Carpathian Region, an area whose rich biosphere is endang...

The Carpathians are the longest mountain range in Europe and a geographic barrier between Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans. To investigate the climate of the area, the CARPATCLIM project members collected, quality-checked, homogenized, harmonized, and interpolated daily data for 16 meteorological variables and many derived indicators...

Monthly grids of the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (Sc-PDSI) have been calculated for the period 1961-2010 for the Carpathian Region (17˚-27˚E, 44˚-50˚N) with a spatial resolution of 0.1˚x 0.1˚. Using the Sc-PDSI and the assumptions of the Palmer Drought Model (PDM), the approximated precipitation required for drought termination (...

Climate change challenges natural ecosystems and also human activity, and is expected to result in significant changes in temperature and precipitation in Hungary. The exact knowledge of the observed tendencies are crucial for responsible awareness. Climate indices are used in several projects on climate change as prevailing indicators of changes i...

The Carpathians and their rich biosphere are considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change. Drought is one of the major climate-related damaging natural phenomena and in Europe it has been occurring with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration in the last decades. Due to climate change, land cover changes, and intensive land use, the C...

Homogenization of the long term observation series is essential in climate change studies. The most important achievements of the COST Action ES0601 (HOME) are survey and the comparison of the available homogenization methods. A benchmark test was performed in the Action to choose the best recent methods. The MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series for H...

The so-called variable correction methods form a special type of methods developed for daily data homogenization. Their common assumption is that in case of daily data series, the corrections for inhomogeneity have to vary according to the meteorological situation of each day in order to represent the extremes. In this paper we express our objectio...

Risk identification, analysis and risk management measures are major components of the disaster prevention. Extreme climate events such as storms and heavy rain and hail are increasing weather phenomena in Hungary in the last decades. The set out of the especially hazardous settlements is introduced in this paper. The examinations were performed ar...

The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance...

The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: Advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance...

The calculation of extreme climate indices defined by several international projects requires homogeneous time series. To this effect, long term daily extreme temperatures and daily precipitation sums were homogenized, quality controlled, and further processed by the method MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization). After homogenization...

The paper focuses on the basic mathematical and theoretical questions of spatial interpolation of meteorological elements. Nowadays, in meteorology the most often applied procedures for spatial interpolation are the geostatistical interpolation methods built also in GIS software. The mathematical basis of these methods is the geostatistics that is...

The precipitation has large temporal and spatial variability in Hungary. Monthly precipitation sum could be zero in any month in a year and at any place of the country, but it can be near or even above 200 mm as well. The year-to-year variability of the annual precipitation amount is high, so it has large influence on the agriculture and economy. T...

The automatic quality control (QC) procedures in order to indicate or filter out the wrong data are indispensable in the databases. However the development of such software systems is impossible without adequate and advanced mathematical fundament. During the last years we developed some software systems that are MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series f...

In recent decades drought has a major impact on the economy in South-Eastern Europe (SEE). The annual precipitation has decreased from the beginning of 20th century. Additional problem is that the intensity of precipitation increases in average. The part of runoff became larger, and greater part of the precipitation runs to the rivers, streamlets,...

The COST Action ES0601: Advances in homogenisation methods of climate series: an integrated approach is nearing the end of its second year of life. The action is intended to provide the best possible tools for the homogenization of time series to the climate research community. The involved scientists have done remarkable progress since COST Action...

This paper describes the HISTALP database, consisting of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the ‘Greater Alpine Region’ (GAR, 4–19°E, 43–49°N, 0–3500m asl). The longest temperature and air pressure series extend back to 1760, precipitation to 1800, cloudiness to the 1840s and sunshine to...

The paper describes the development of a dataset of 192 monthly precipitation series covering the greater alpine region (GAR, 4–18°E by 43–49°N). A few of the time series extend back to 1800. A description is provided of the sometimes laborious processes that were involved in this work: from locating the original sources of the data to homogenizing...

Zusammenfassung Das Klimaelement Niederschlag zeigt auf allen der raum-zeitlichen Skalen starke Variabilität, auch im langfristigen Trendverhalten. Ein neuer, räumlich dichter Datensatz von 192 homogenisierten instrumentellen Reihen in monatlicher Auflösung im Großraum Alpen wird hier vorgestellt , der bis zum Jahr 1800 zurückreicht. Erste Analysen...

The aim of the study is to present actual daily and climatically representative monthly maps of the surface radiation balance components derived from METEOSAT data. The encrypted digital images are now available in every three hours in Hungary. Hence, the first problem to solve is the estimation of diurnal mean radiation components from the archive...

Drought is a major climatic hazard, which is expressed as relative to a long term average. Drought is a recurrent feature in Hungary's climate and it can cause significant damage to the country's agriculture. Its importance is emphasized by recurrent drought events in the 1980s and 1990s. In this study, we examine long time series of the Palmer Dro...

Long-term in situ observations are widely used in a variety of climate analyses. Unfortunately, most decade- to century-scale time series of atmospheric data have been adversely impacted by inhomogeneities caused by, for example, changes in instrumentation, station moves, changes in the local environment such as urbanization, or the introduction of...

A set of methods to estimate the surface radiation balance has been developed by using METEOSAT digital image data and a radiative transfer model. Cloud characteristics are determined from a recent method based on brightness temperature and its variance, whereas other necessary parameters are derived from the radiosonde network or its simulation (n...

Conditional probability of icing in correlation with local weather elements, as well as with different macrocirculation types are investigated on the basis of 23 years of daily observations for two stations situated in the Pannonian Plain (Debrecen) and in mountainous region (Kékestetö, 1000 m above sea-level). Empirical histograms are calculated a...

Climatic representativity presumes at least a few decades of observation and data processing under constant conditions, which is generally not the case in satellite remote sensing. A method based on local macrosynoptic typization is therefore introduced for any short sample, in which the actual frequency distribution of the macrotypes might be quit...

Climatic characteristics are affected by various systematic and occasional impacts: besides the changes in the observing system (locations of the stations of the meteorological network, instruments, observing procedures), the possible local-scale and global natural and antropogenic impacts on climatic conditions should be taken into account. Apart...

A new probability distribution, which has some of the advantages of the normal distribution but avoids the constraint of symmetry undesired in many applications, is presented. The distribution, called binormal, has three parameters, as the standard deviations on the two sides of the most probable value are different, but it also includes the Gaussi...

The air pollution level in January 1985 is discussed on the basis of the concentrations of NO2 and SO2 measured at three regional background stations in Hungary. For one background air pollution station some aerosol components (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+) are also included in the study. The data obtained are compared to average values for January. This comp...

The MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data Basis; Szentimrey, Bihari) spatial interpolation method was developed at the Hungarian Meteorological Service. The main difference between MISH and the geostatistical interpolation methods built in GIS can be found in the amount of information used for modelling the necessary...

The ECA indices and some other special own developed precipitation indices are realized at the Hungarian Meteorological Service. Long time daily precipitation sums series were homogenized and the climate indices series based on daily data has been analyzed for the period 1901-2008. Several extreme dry indices (maximum number of consecutive dry days...