Szymon Bijak

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• dyplomowany nadszyszkownik w stanie odpoczynku
• In-Depth Investigator of Ancient Laws of the Nature at Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a non-native tree species widespread all over Europe that has already gained some commercial importance. This study assessed the ability of selected basid-iomycetous fungi (Coniophora puteana, Heterobasidion annosum, Trametes versicolor, Fomitiporia robusta) to decay black locust wood, based on the dry mass...

Forest areas have recently become increasingly popular for physical activity in society, especially among niche sports enthusiasts. We analysed the attitude of the specific social group of cross-country skiers in Poland to pay for recreation in forest areas using their Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) and Willingness-To-Accept (WTA) declarations, which was...

The study investigates selected parameters describing the fibers of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood with regard to tree age and size (diameter). The material was collected in stands aged 38, 60, and 71 years growing on the mesotrophic sites in southwestern Poland. In each stand, we sampled trees from three diameter classes (thin, medium...

Growing concerns about climate change, geopolitical uncertainty regarding the continuity of energy supplies, and the rising cost of fossil fuels have created the need to search for clean and renewable substitutes for conventional fuels. Biomass as a renewable energy source is of great interest due to it being an important option of the sustainable...

The aim of the study was to determine the willingness to pay for recreational ecosystem services in the ‘Janowskie Forests’ (‘Lasy Janowskie’) Promotional Forest Complex (LKP) in Poland according to different social characteristics. To this end, we conducted a survey from May to August 2023 among a group of 820 respondents visiting in the area. The...

Silver birch Betula pendula is a pioneer tree species that often naturally regenerates on post−agricultural land. The succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi depends on many factors including local environmental conditions and in particular soil conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the mycorrhizal fungal communities in four...

The non−native tree species have been present in Polish forests to the larger extent as long as last 200 years. Although they do not play very important role in timber production, the observed climate change may cause the increase of their presence. The aim of the study was to determine and analyse the price elasticity of demand for black locust, D...

Preliminary research conducted in Warsaw in the 1970s and 2000s showed that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) stayed in forest habitat and avoided anthropogenic areas. Activity and exploration patterns of animals are shaped by indices of anthropogenic disturbances, elevated in large cities. The aims of the study were (1) to compare the presence of roe...

Abandoned agricultural lands in Central and Northern Europe undergo a quite rapid secondary succession of woody species, especially silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) as a pioneer tree species. Such a process is desirable both from natural and economic point of views, as afforestation involves a change to the entire ecosystem and, in particular, t...

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a non-native tree species that occupies a remarkable area in the forests of western Poland. It is mainly cultivated for the bee-keeping purposes as well as for its high quality wood. We investigated the impact of tree age and diameter on the selected structural, physical and mechanical attributes of wood of...

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees an...

The most common alien tree species in forests of Poland include black locust (Robinia pseudoacaccia), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and northern red oak (Quercus robur). Despite rather small area and volume share of these species in total area and volume of Polish forests, their production potential (especially of Douglas fir), specific possi...

Bark constitutes one of the main residues and by-products of the timber harvest. Therefore, in order to conduct effective forest management, it is essential to estimate the possible amount of that product, which can be obtained during the harvest process. Our objective was to develop a model to estimate bark volume and bark volume fraction (i.e., i...

Human presence or activities are perceived by animals as those associated with predation risk so activity and exploration patterns of animals should be shaped by indices of anthropogenic disturbances. The high level of human disturbances is noticed in big cities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of roe deer in Warsaw...

The objective of the study was to determine the date of the construction elements from the Roman-Catholic (formerly the Ruthenian and Ukrainian Greek Catholic) church in Górzanka (SE Poland). Since 1975, the temple has had a status of the cultural monument. Based on written sources its construction is dated to either 1718 or 1838. We used 25 sample...

Since the 1990s, a decline of riparian black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) has been observed over Europe. The fungus-like eukaryotic pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni is thought to be a causal agent of this process; however, abiotic factors may also be involved. Previous studies suggest that climate conditions and, especially, depletion of g...

One of the main tasks for the forest managers is to form the highly productive stands, and it is mainly performed by applying intermediate cuttings during the stand development. As the impact of thinning on the premature Scots pine, commercially most important species in Lithuania, has not been sufficiently investigated yet, our objective was to ev...

Ring-width series are important for diverse fields of research such as the study of past climate, forest ecology, forest genetics, and the determination of origin (dendro-provenancing) or dating of archeological objects. Recent research suggests diverging climate-growth relationships in tree-rings due to the cardinal direction of extracting the tre...

The intermediate cuttings have an important impact on the stand structure and productivity. Choosing the right method of the treatment performance is the decision, which is fundamental in shaping tree stands stability. The radial increment, apart from the natural growth potential of particular species, is influenced by many abiotic, biotic and anth...

The objective of the study was to determine the quantitative and valuable potential of wood resources of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacid) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in individual regional directorates of the State Forests (RDSFs) in Poland. We used data from the State Forests Information System database (values for the end of 2014) t...

There is plenty of evidence for intensification of the global hydrological cycle. In Europe, the northern areas are predicted to receive more precipitation in the future and observational evidence suggests a parallel trend over the past decades. As a consequence, it would be essential to place the recent trend in precipitation in the context of pro...

This paper investigates the slenderness of black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia ) trees in relation to the biosocial status of the trees, stand age class, crown parameters and habitat type. The research material was collected on 35 research plots in the Sława Śląska, Sulechów and Głogów forest districts in western Poland and comprises 1058 trees. Fo...

The aim of the study was to apply the forest soil trophic index (ITGL) in the assessment of post-agricultural soil under naturally regenerated silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands. The study was conducted in Mazowieckie region (central Poland) in 10 locations (tab. 1). In each location we established 4 study plots with naturally regenerated s...

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of selected soil properties on site index of oak (Quercus sp.) stands in the Międzyrzec Forest District (eastern Poland). We utilised data from the soil−habitat survey, which provided information about physical and chemical properties of soils and stand descriptions for 21 oak stands (tab. 1)....

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of selected soil properties on site index of oak {Quercus sp.) stands in the Miȩdzyrzec Forest District (eastern Poland). We utilised data from the soil-habitat survey, which provided information about physical and chemical properties of soils and stand descriptions for 21 oak stands (tab. 1)....

The paper presents selected properties of the organic soils developed in boreal mire spruce forests (Sphagno girensohnii-Piceetum) in the Romincka Forest (NE Poland). Additionally, the relationship between soil fertility and forest stand productivity was investigated. Data from 12 soil profiles, differing in terms of peatland ecological type (raise...

The objective of the study was to analyse the site index (SI) of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands in relation to the forest habitat type, soil type and relief characteristics. We utilised infor− mation available in the Information System of the State Forests in Poland that included selected parameters describing habitat conditions and den...

Forest stand biomass or carbon storage in the biomass may be estimated by conversion of the trees volume since roughly 50% of tree biomass is carbon. There is a need to find biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) for young stands, because those established for older ones may not be relevant due to changes in biomass allocation patterns ov...

ukaszewicz J., Niemczyk M., Wrzesiński P. 2016. Kształtowanie się przyrostu grubości jodeł z Gór Świętokrzyskich. Sylwan 160 (11): 893−904. The paper presents the dendrochronological analysis of silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) growing in the canopy layer of the forest stands. We searched for the similarities in the rhythm of radial growth of studied...

Climatic variations and changes regulate arboreal growth. In Estonia, the tree-ring growth variability of coniferous and deciduous trees has been linked with various climatic variables in different parts of the country. However, the dendroclimatic signals of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) have not been explored across the region. Here we...

We determined empirical models for estimating total aboveground as well as stem, branches, and foliage dry biomass of young (age up to 16 years) silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) growing on the post-agricultural lands.Two sets of allometric models for trees with a height below or above 1.3 m (small and large trees respectively) were developed.Sim...

Optimal rotation length of even-aged spruce forests is under discussion in Estonia. Thus far no single criteria is accepted to determine the rotation length. Moreover, the rotation length is affected by a repertoire of stand-level variables. A previous estimate of optimal rotation length was assessed through simulation of stand development by stati...

Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in ord...

As tree height is one of the important variables measured in forestry, much effort is made to provide its fast, easy and accurate determination. We analysed precision of two widely available smartphone applications (Smart Measure and Measure Height) during the field measurements of tree height. The data was collected in three Scots pine stands in c...

Different growth patterns of Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianshanica (Rupr.) Bykov and Juglans regia L. coexisting under the same ecological conditions in the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve in Kyrgyzstan Abstract: The main aim of the study was to compare the radial growth of Persian walnut and Schrenk spruce trees growing under the same ecological cond...

Among the invasive tree species identified in Polish forests, black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) appears to pose the greatest threat. The objective of this study was i), to determine the abundance of this species in the forests managed by the State Forests National Forest Holding (PGLLP) and ii), to characterise the ecological conditions that it...

The paper analyses the production and allocation of biomass in young, spontaneous silver birch afforestation occurring on post-agricultural lands in the Mazowsze region (central Poland). We investigated 114 sample plots of age varying from 1 to 19 years. During the first 15 years after their establishment on abandoned farmland, the naturally regene...

Abstrakt. Celem pracy była identyfikacja powolnych ruchów masowych w ob-rębie krawędzi terasy zalewowej oraz ustalenie ich relacji ze stanem wody w ko-rycie. Badania przeprowadzono w półkilometrowym odcinku Ścinawki (SW Polska) poniżej posterunku wodowskazowego w Gorzuchowie (50° 29′ N, 16° 34′ E). By zidentyfikować epizody aktywności podłoża buduj...

Abstrakt. Celem prac było określenie czasu oraz przyczyn powstania obniżenia w terasie zalewowej Ścinawki w Sudetach Środkowych. Do analiz wybrano obniżenie usytuowane na prawym brzegu rzeki, powyżej posterunku wodowska-zowego w Gorzuchowie. Forma ta ma prawie 300 m długości i 50 m szerokości w najszerszym miejscu. Stanowisko to jest dość gęsto por...

Abstrakt. 21 lipca 2011 r. z południowych stoków Średniaka w masywie Śnież-nika (Sudety Wschodnie) zeszło osuwisko, które objęło blisko 7,5 tys. m 2 lasu. Celem pracy było zbadanie, czy drzewa rosnące na osuwisku i w jego bez-pośrednim sąsiedztwie nie odnotowały sygnałów, które mogłyby wskazywać na niestabilność stoku, co pozwoliłoby przewidzieć wy...

The paper presents the tables for indirect determination of the age of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees basing on easy to measure dendrometric parameters. We elaborated empirical formulae that enable deter− mination of tree age using total tree height, breast height diameter and stump diameter as the predictors. Data was collected in 40 pur...

The paper presents the tables for indirect determination of the age of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees basing on easy to measure dendrometric parameters. We elaborated empirical formulae that enable determination of tree age using total tree height, breast height diameter and stump diameter as the predictors. Data was collected in 40 pure...

Paper discusses the influence of site quality on self−thinning process in silver birch stands growing on abandoned farmlands in Mazowieckie region (central Poland). Number of trees in a stand decreases with increasing age. The better the site (the higher site index value), the higher number of trees can be observed. However at the age of 10 differe...

Paper discusses the influence of site quality on self-thinning process in silver birch stands growing on abandoned farmlands in Mlazowieckie region (central Poland). Number of trees in a stand decreases with increasing age. The better the site (the higher site index value), the higher number of trees can be observed. However at the age of 10 differ...

The paper presents the results of some pilot studies using dendrochronological methods to estimate both the influence of the river water level on the radial increment of trees growing on the floodplain and its relation to the slow channel-wards movements of the riverbanks building material. The investigations were performed on the Ścinawka river. T...

I present dendroclimatological analysis of coniferous tree species growing under the same environmental conditions in the WULS-SGGW Forest Experimental Station in Rogów (51°49' N, 19°53' E, ca. 190 m a.s.l). The study focuses on silver fir, European larch, Scots pine and Douglas fir. For each species, tree-ring width and annual sensitivity chronolo...

Paper analyses relationships between radial growth and seven crown−related parameters (crown length, relative length, width, slenderness, projection area and volume as well as single tree space) for ten alien and native tree species growing in 'common garden' conditions in the WULS−SGGW Forest Experimental Station in Rogów (central Poland). Signifi...

Study analyses coarse (d > 2 mm of diameter) roots biomass dynamics in young succession stands of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) growing on abandoned farmlands in central Poland. Research material based on 181 sample trees, which were gathered in 20 pure silver birch stands in 5 locations. The age of the trees varied from 1 to 16 years. Coarse...

Paper analyses relationships between radial growth and seven crown-related parameters (crown length, relative length, width, slenderness, projection area and volume as well as single tree space) for ten alien and native tree species growing in 'common garden' conditions in the WULS-SGGW Forest Experimental Station in Rogdw (central Poland). Signifi...

W obrêbie osadów póŸnovistuliañskiej terasy niskiej doliny Warty stwierdzono liczne karpy oraz pnie powalonych drzew, stanowi¹ce przynajmniej w czêoeci zachowane in situ relikty „kopalnego lasu”. Datowania 14C pni dowodz¹, ¿e odnalezione drzewa ros³y na tym terenie w przedziale 12760-11765 lat temu. W sezonach 2010 i 2011 w wykopie o wymiarach 6 x...

Paschalis-Jakubowicz P, Bijak Sz., Sterenczak K. 2012. Uwarunkowania tworzenia programow uniwer-syteckich studiow lesnych. Sylwan 156 (8): 572-580. Forestry education at university level has a long and rich tradition, dating back to the nineteenth century. Since then there have been many fundamental changes both in defining the objectives and metho...

The paper presents an analysis of height growth phases of silver fir from the Świȩtokrzyskie Mountains. Basing on bilateral relations between average and current height increments, age of their culmination and duration of main (juvenile and sprouting) phases was determined. Empirical data consisted of 61 sampletrees that were subjected to the stem...

The study investigates the influence of climate conditions on radial increment of oak, with special concern to the situations when analysed trees formed conspicuously wider or narrower tree-rings. The research material was collected in four locations in central Poland within natural range of pedunculate and sessile oaks. The elaborated residual chr...

The paper presents an analysis of height growth phases of silver fir from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Basing on bilateral relations between average and current height increments, age of their culmination and duration of main (juvenile and sprouting) phases was determined. Empirical data consisted of 61 sample trees that were subjected to the stem...

Abstrakt. Wyzwaniem uniwersyteckiej edukacji leśnej na progu XXI wieku jest znalezienie odpowiednich propozycji sposobu kształcenia, polegające-go na przejściu z "nauczania" do "uczenia się". Wymaga to odpowiednie-go dostosowania obecnie realizowanych programów lub stworzenia zupeł-nie nowych. Punktem wyjścia do rozwoju uniwersyteckiej dydaktyki le...

Abstrakt. Prowadzenie edukacji ustawicznej w warunkach dynamicznie zmieniającej się gospodarki leśnej wymaga stosowania atrakcyjnych i no-woczesnych narzędzi dydaktycznych. Realizację tego celu mogą zapewnić specjalne inicjatywy edukacyjne – IUFRO Learning Initiatives, przyjmują-ce formę szkół letnich, w których uczestniczyć mogą przedstawiciele ró...

Wojtan R., Tomusiak R., Zasada M., Dudek A., Michalak K., Wroblewski L., Bijak Sz., Bronisz K. 2011. Wspolczynniki przeliczeniowe suchej biomasy drzew i ich czesci dla sosny pospolitej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w zachodniej Polsce. Sylwan 155 (4): 236-243. Paper presents trees and their components biomass expansion factors for Scots pine growing in the...

Bronisz A., Bijak S., Bronisz K. 2010. Dendroklimatologiezna charakterystyka jodly pospolitej (Abies alba) Mill.) na terenie Gor Swietokrzyskich. Sylwan 154 (7): 463-470. The paper presents the analysis of relations between diameter increment and climatic factors in silver fir stands in the Zagnansk Forest District (central Poland). Despite growth...

The current paper presents investigation of the response of silver firs growing near Kartuzy in the Kaszubskie Lakeland (northern Poland) to climate conditions. Tree-ring width series covering the period of 1914-2006 were built and correlated with mean monthly temperature and precipitation. Dependence of the growth of analysed firs on winter, early...

The paper presents the analysis of relations between diameter increment and climatic factors in silver fir stands in the Zagnańsk Forest District (central Poland). Despite growth rate similar to the observed in other parts of Poland, firs form the Świętokrzyskie Mountains show different climatic driving forces of the increment process. Temperature...

The goal of presented study was to determine possible impact of the cutting age and thinning intensity on biomass and carbon sequestration. Analyses were based on the inventory data from the Gubin Forest District processed for a 10-year period using the Polish empirical stand growth models. The variants with less intensive thinning treatments and h...

The paper presents empirical equations elaborated to determine dry biomass of Scots pine trees and their parts. Basing on the relationships between dry biomass of different tree parts and tree characteristics, various forms of commonly used non−linear biomass equations were examined. To assure additive character of biomass equations, seemingly unr...

The paper presents empirical formulae for determination of dry and wet biomass of assimilation apparatus in Scots pine stands of western Poland. Analyzed equations were verified using relative percentage error. Influence of site conditions and different elements on accuracy of analyzed equations were also investigated.

Streszczenie Przyroda coraz częściej staje się głównym motywem uprawiania turystyki. Poznanie przyrod-niczych walorów i atrakcji turystycznych jest obowiązkowym elementem programów wycieczek zarówno zbiorowych, jak i indywidualnych. Odznaki turystyczno-krajoznawcze Polskiego Towa-rzystwa Turystyczno-Krajoznawczego (PTTK) mają stanowić próbę podpowi...

The paper discusses periodic climate changes in Europe determined on the basis of dendrochronological data dating back one thousand years. In tree-ring width sequences of trees growing in Poland there are approximately 8-, 11-, 100-and 180-year periods. The tree-ring widths of oaks growing in Poland for the last centuries are characterised, without...

The paper presents empirical equations elaborated to determine dry biomass of Scots pine trees and their parts. Basing on the relationships between dry biomass of different tree parts and tree characteristics, various forms of commonly used non-linear biomass equations were examined. To assure additive character of biomass equations, seemingly rela...

The paper presents empirical equations elaborated to determine dry biomass of Scots pine trees and their parts. Basing on the relationships between dry biomass of different tree parts and tree characteristics, various forms of commonly used non−linear biomass equations were examined. To assure additive character of biomass equations, seemingly unre...

Paper presents the results of assessment of root biomass in Scots pines from the Bory Lubuskie forests. For an absence of original formulae for that region, allometric equations and root to shoot ratios taken from literature were applied. Average belowground biomass in the analysed stands amounted between 30,062 and 39,819 t/ha depending on the app...

Measurements were carried out in mixed forest stands with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) being the dominant species. The forest stands were located in the Borecka Primeval Forest (Borki forest district, Diabla Góra forestry) in north-eastern Poland. Trees from three different habitat types characterized by different moisture content (fresh...