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118
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Introduction
I am a population geneticist studying the contribution of genetic adaptation to the response of forest tree and migratory fish populations to environmental variations over a small number of generations. My work mainly focusses on (1) the “real time" estimation of the eco-evolutionary processes contributing to adaptation (selection, gene flow, genetic drift), and (2) the process-based modeling of ecological and adaptive dynamics at a local scale.
Additional affiliations
June 2004 - December 2015
January 1998 - June 2004
Education
September 1997 - July 1998
September 1995 - September 1998
Publications
Publications (118)
In managed populations—whether for production or conservation—management practices can interfere with natural eco‐evolutionary processes, providing opportunities to mitigate immediate impacts of disturbances or enhance selection on tolerance traits. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the interplay and feedback loops among drought regimes...
Forest tree populations harbour high genetic diversity thanks to large effective population sizes and strong gene flow, allowing them to diversify through adaptation to local environmental pressures within dispersal distance. Many tree populations also experienced historical demographic fluctuations, including spatial population contraction or expa...
The management of intraspecific diversity in many species is usually disconnected from eco‐evolutionary processes happening in natura . A classic example is embodied in the problem of introgression in hybridized fish populations, wherein management practices are generally unaware of any selective process at work, and therefore generally rely on num...
Understanding how spatial patterns of mating and gene flow respond to habitat loss and geographical isolation is a crucial aspect of forest fragmentation genetics. Naturally fragmented riparian tree populations exhibit unique characteristics that significantly influence these patterns. In this study, we investigate mating patterns, pollen‐mediated...
Local survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) under field conditions. A total of 1087 adult trees, seeds, 1‐year‐old seedlings and established multiyear saplings were genot...
Biological production systems and conservation programs benefit from and should care for evolutionary processes. Developing evolution‐oriented strategies requires knowledge of the evolutionary consequences of management across timescales. Here, we used an individual‐based demo‐genetic modelling approach to study the interactions and feedback betwee...
Key message
Phenology is of increasing interest to climate change science and adaptation ecology. Here, we provide bud development, leafing, and leaf senescence data, collected on 772 European beech and silver fir trees between 2006 and 2019 on Mont Ventoux, France. Dataset access is at https://doi.org/10.15454/TRFMZN . Associated metadata are avai...
Background: fecundity and viability selections on phenological traits are difficult to distinguish in plants, where vegetative and reproductive phenologies are closely synchronized. Moreover, interference with sexual selection may arise from assortative mating (the positive correlation between mates for flowering time). This study aims at disentang...
Within-population variation in individual tree growth and response to climate has an impact on forest dynamics, resilience and adaptation to environmental change.
Combining dendrochronological analyses with a process-based ecophysiological model simulating drought stress at the stand scale, we studied the phenotypic variation of two growth-related...
The study of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, that is of the intertwinning between ecological and evolutionary processes when they occur at comparable time scales, is of growing interest in the current context of global change. However, many eco‐evolutionary studies overlook the role of interindividual interactions, which are hard to predict and yet cent...
Microgeographic adaptation occurs when the effects of directional selection persist despite gene flow. Traits and genetic loci under selection can then show adaptive divergence, against the backdrop of little differentiation at other traits or loci. How common such events are and how strong selection is that underlies them, remain open questions. H...
When environmental conditions differ both within and among populations, multiscale adaptation results from processes at both scales and interference across scales. We hypothesize that within‐population environmental heterogeneity influences the chance of success of migration events, both within and among populations, and maintains within‐population...
Since several studies have been reporting an increase in the decline of forests, a major issue in ecology is to better understand and predict tree mortality. The interactions between the different factors and the physiological processes giving rise tree mortality, as well as the inter-individual variability in mortality risk, still need to be bette...
Key Message
We provide phenotypic and genotypic data for a progeny trial of 5813 European beech seedlings, originating from 60 open-pollinated families collected at three altitudes (1020 m; 1140 m, 1340 m) on Mont Ventoux (44° 11′ N; 17° 5′ E).
General Context: Climate change can positively or negatively affect abiotic and biotic drivers of tree mortality. Process-based models integrating these climatic effects are only seldom used at species distribution scale.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the multi-causal mortality risk of five major European forest tre...
High genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139...
High genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139...
Background and Aims
Abiotic and biotic stresses related to climate change have been associated with increased crown defoliation, decreased growth and a higher risk of mortality in many forest tree species, but the impact of stresses on tree reproduction and forest regeneration remains understudied. At dry warm margin of species distributions, flowe...
Sexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex-specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. We here investigated sex-specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious w...
A trade-off between growth and fecundity, reflecting the inability of simultaneously investing in both functions when resources are limited, is a fundamental feature of life history theory. This particular trade-off is the result of evolutionary and environmental constrains shaping reproductive and growth traits, but it remains difficult to pinpoin...
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes occurring during species range shifts is important in the current context of global change. Here, we investigate the interplay between recent expansion, gene flow and genetic drift, and their consequences for genetic diversity and structure at landscape and local scales in European beech (Fagu...
L’adaptation est un enjeu majeur de la gestion forestière dans le contexte du changement climatique La diversité génétique qui caractérise les arbres forestiers leur confère un potentiel adaptatif très important mais pas illimité Prendre en compte les mécanismes de l’évolution dans les pratiques de gestion forestière adaptative renforcera la capaci...
Three types of process-based models (PBMs) are traditionally used to predict the response of forest tree populations to global change (GC): (i) ecophysiological models, which simulate carbon and water fluxes in forest ecosystems by explicitly integrating the effects of climate and CO2; (ii) forest dynamics models which simulate forest successions b...
Key message
Few studies have linked the origin of dispersed tree seeds with their post-dispersal fate. We show that habitat-dependent mortality in a pedunculate oak (
Quercus robur
L.) seedling cohort reshapes the effective fecundity of individual mother trees but has little effect on the cohort’s genetic diversity.
ContextInitial tree recruitment...
In species with long‐distance dispersal capacities and inhabiting a large ecological niche, local selection and gene flow are expected to be major evolutionary forces affecting the genetic adaptation of natural populations. Yet, in species such as trees, evidence of microgeographic adaptation and the quantitative assessment of the impact of gene fl...
Forest fragmentation may affect mating and pollen dispersal patterns through conversion of continuous forests into small, spatially isolated remnant patches and individual trees in an anthropogenic landscape. We investigated reproductive investment and success, pollen dispersal, mating system, and genetic diversity and spatial structure of Qualea g...
Plant trait variability, emerging from eco-evolutionary dynamics that range from alleles to macroecological scales, is one of the most elusive, but possibly most consequential, aspects of biodiversity. Plasticity, epigenetics, and genetic diversity are major determinants of how plants will respond to climate change, yet these processes are rarely r...
Finding outlier loci underlying local adaptation is challenging and is best approached by suitable sampling design and rigorous method selection. In this study, we aimed to detect outlier loci (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) at the local scale by using Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), a drought resistant conifer that has colonized many habit...
Since several studies have been reporting an increase in the decline of forests, a major issue in ecology is to better understand and predict tree mortality. The interactions between the different factors and the physiological processes giving rise tree mortality, as well as the individual variability in mortality risk, still need to be better asse...
Many perennial species, such as trees, show large variations of fruit production between years (the so-called masting) which can have major consequences on forest dynamic and species interactions. Among other drivers of fruit production failure, years of reduced fruit production can be due to the increase of temperature and the resulting advance in...
La diversité des capacités d'adaptation est no seulement importante entre essences forestières mais aussi au sein de chaque espèce. La diversité génétique intra-spécifique observée à un instant donné est une "prise de vue" dans une évolution continue. Cette diversité est aussi le carburant nécessaire pour l'évolution des espèces. Pour mieux compren...
Abiotic and biotic stresses related to climate change have been associated to increased crown defoliation, decreased growth and a higher risk of mortality in many forest tree species, but the impact of stresses on tree reproduction and forest regeneration remains understudied. At dry, warm margin of species distributions, flowering, pollination and...
Inter-individual variation in fecundities has major consequences on population evolutionary potential, through genetic drift and selection. Using two spatially explicit mating models that analyze the genotypes of seeds and seedlings, we investigated the variation of male and female fecundities within and among three European beech (Fagus sylvatica)...
QST is a differentiation parameter based on the decomposition of the genetic variance of a trait. In the case of additive inheritance and absence of selection, it is analogous to the genic differentiation measured on individual loci, FST . Thus, QST - FST comparison is used to infer selection: selective divergence when QST > FST , or convergence wh...
A central issue in plant evolutionary ecology is to understand how several coordinated suites of traits (i.e. traits syndrome) may be jointly selected within a single species. This study aims to describe patterns of variation and co‐variation of functional traits in a water‐stressed tree population and test their relationships with performance trai...
Global change is generating widespread local‐scale expansions of tree populations. During demographic expansions, even small differences in individual reproductive success can generate large differences in the genetic composition of the resulting population. Colonizing tree populations almost invariably show highly skewed distributions of seed prod...
Understanding the determinants of phenotypic variation is critical to evaluate the ability of traits to evolve in a changing environment. In trees, the genetic component of the phenotypic variance is most often estimated based on maternal progeny tests. However, the lack of knowledge about the paternal relatedness hampers the accurate estimation of...
Accurate estimates of heritability (h(2) ) are necessary to assess adaptive responses of populations and evolution of fitness-related traits in changing environments. For plants, h(2) estimates generally rely on maternal progeny designs, assuming that offspring are either half-sibs or unrelated. However, plant mating systems often depart from half-...
The evolutionary potential of long‐lived species, such as forest trees, is fundamental for their local persistence under climate change ( CC ). Genome–environment association ( GEA ) analyses reveal if species in heterogeneous environments at the regional scale are under differential selection resulting in populations with potential preadaptation t...
Evolutionary processes are expected to be crucial for the adaptation of natural populations to environmental changes. In particular, the capacity of rear edge populations to evolve in response to the species limiting conditions remains a major issue that requires to address their evolutionary potential. In-situ quantitative genetic studies based on...
Understanding local adaptation in forest trees is currently a key research and societal priority. Geographically and ecologically marginal populations provide ideal case studies, because environmental stress along with reduced gene flow can facilitate the establishment of locally adapted populations. We sampled European silver fir (Abies alba Mill....
Local adaptation is generally considered at a large geographic scale, due to the common idea that high gene flow at microgeographic scale (i.e. within dispersal neighborhood) should prevent sub-populations to evolve traits conferring them a better fitness in their micro-habitat.
However, environmental heterogeneity within populations can be huge, a...
Among population trait diversity (Qst) and within-population genetic diversity (Hs) evolve under natural selection in an heterogeneous environment. Local adaptation occurs very quickly during the first few generations while genetic diversity decreases only slowly, buffered by sexual reproduction. Thus, selection does not directly result in the eros...
Key messageThis review highlights some of the discoveries and applications made possible by “omics” technologies over the last 10 years and provides perspectives for pioneering research to increase our understanding of tree biology.ContextA decade after the first forest tree genome sequence was released into the public domain, the rapidly evolving...
Le réchauffement climatique engendre un déplacement spatial des enveloppes bioclimatiques des différentes espèces d’arbres. Parce que la dispersion des graines et du pollen est le processus biologique qui permet aux plantes de se déplacer ou de déplacer leurs gènes dans l’espace, celui-ci sera impliqué dans la réponse des populations à ce changemen...
Ce numéro d’Innovations Agronomiques rassemble les présentations du colloque « Adaptation des forêts méditerranéennes aux changements climatiques » qui s'est tenu en Avignon le 20 novembre 2015.
Understanding how invasive species establish and spread is vital for developing effective management strategies for invaded areas and identifying new areas where the risk of invasion is highest. We investigated the explanatory power of dispersal histories reconstructed based on local-scale wind data and a regional-scale wind-dispersed particle traj...
Detecting signatures of selection in tree populations threatened by climate change is currently a major research priority. Here, we investigated the signature of local adaptation over a short spatial scale using 96 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) individuals originating from two pairs of populations on the northern and southern slopes of Mont V...
One challenge of evolutionary ecology is to predict the rate and mechanisms of population adaptation to environmental variations. The variations in most life history traits are shaped both by individual genotypic and by environmental variation. Forest trees exhibit high levels of genetic diversity, large population sizes, and gene flow, and they al...
Appendix S1. Supplement equations required for the individualbased version of CASTANEA model.
Appendix S2. Detailed equations for the number of seedlings from seed tree j dispersed on cell i (Nij).
Appendix S3. Genetic differentiation among subpopulations and genetic structure within subpopulation after pre-evolution.
Appendix S4. Statistical model...
Table S1. Parameters for allelic effects in the quantitative genetic module.
Table S2. Parameters related to the effects of elevation on the local climate.
Table S3. Demographic dynamics for populations Alt1 to Alt5 under the different scenarios.
Figure S1. Simulated minimal reserve levels at the end of the year (A) and maximum differences between...
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most economically and ecologically important deciduous trees in Europe, yet little is known about its genomic diversity and its adaptive potential. Here, we detail the discovery and analysis of 573 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 58 candidate gene fragments that are potentially involved...
Widespread ecosystem change has led to declines in species world-wide. The loss of pollinators in particular constitutes a problem for ecosystem function and crop production. Understanding how landscape change affects pollinator movement, effective pollen flow, and plant and pollinator survival is therefore a global priority. In this study we inves...
The seed dispersal kernel is a major determinant of spatial population dynamics and spatial distribution of genetic diversity. Among the main methods to estimate it, inverse modelling ( IM ) and gene shadow model ( GSM ) rely on seed counts in traps, whereas competing source model ( CSM ) and spatially explicit mating models ( SEMM s) rely on compo...
Context
Managing forests under climate change requires adaptation. The adaptive capacity of forest tree populations is huge but not limitless. Integrating evolutionary considerations into adaptive forestry practice will enhance the capacity of managed forests to respond to climate-driven changes.
Aims
Focusing on natural regeneration systems, we...
A major challenge in population ecology of long-lived plants is to disentangle the intricate effects of seed dispersal and seedlings mortality on spatial and genetic structure of recruited seedlings. A common way to address this issue is to compare dispersal patterns among seeds (i.e. basic dispersal) and established seedlings (i.e. effective dispe...
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Studies addressing the variation of mating system between plant populations rarely account for the variability of these parameters between individuals within populations, although this variability is often non-negligible. Here, we propose a new direct method based on paternity analyses (Mixed Effect Mating Model) to estimate individual migration (m...
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most economically and ecologically important deciduous trees in Europe, yet little is known about its genomic diversity and its adaptive potential. Here, we detail the discovery and analysis of 573 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 58 candidate gene fragments that are potentially involved...
The EC-supported Network of Excellence Evoltree (http://www.evoltree.eu) formed a group of scientists involved in and actively contributing to Jointly Executed Research Activities on community genetics in forest ecosystems. In addition to the main authors, the group includes S. Augu-stin, M. Brandle, C. Burban, J. Burczyk, S. Cavers, I. Chybicki, C...
Negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS) is supposed to be the main force controlling allele evolution at the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) in strictly outcrossing species. Genetic drift also influences S-allele evolution. In perennial sessile organisms, evolution of allelic frequencies over two generations is mainly shaped...