Syed Ghulam Musharraf

• Professor at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences

Aim: The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), impacting histone acetylation and methylation, which contribute to drug resistance. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), de-stabilizes HIF-1α, while PX-12, a thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1)...

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Riboflavin (RF) sensitized photooxidation of pyridoxine HCl (PD) in the pH range of 2.0–12.0 has been carried out under UV and visible irradiation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PD follows first-order kinetics in the absence and presence of RF for its photodegradation. The first-order rate constants (kobs) for the photodegradation of PD in th...

Plant triterpenoids represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites and are thought to be valuable for therapeutic applications. For drug development, lead optimization, better knowledge of biological pathways, and high-throughput detection of secondary metabolites in plant extracts are crucial. This paper describes a qualitative method for the...

Diagnosing and classifying central nervous system tumors such as gliomas or glioblastomas pose a significant challenge due to their aggressive and infiltrative nature. However, recent advancements in metabolomics and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offer promising avenues for differentiating tumor grades both in vivo and ex vivo. This study a...

Arsenic, a toxic element has been infiltrating the food chain, raising the food safety and security issues. Due to phytotoxicity, mobility and availability of specific transporters for arsenic translocation, it is considered as serious agronomic threat to rice crop. To limit the detrimental effect of this arsenic stress, soil amendment with benefic...

Objectives: Bacterial infections are a noteworthy global health concern that necessitates the development of new strategies to enhance the potency and efficacy of antibiotics. Rifaximin (RFX), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, exhibits promising antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains. However, its insolubility and impermeability impede...

Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was studied for its photodegradation in aqueous (pH 2.0–12.0) and organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol). TA follows first-order kinetics for its photodegradation, and the apparent first-order rate constants (kobs) are in the range of 0.65 (pH 12....

Commercial cultivation of Spirulina relies on expensive chemicals. This study aimed to optimize low-cost cultivation media for upscaling of the Spirulina cultivation for food applications. Here, low-cost nitrogen source resulted in 3 gL − 1 of biomass while outdoor pilot-scale cultivation produced 6.5-9.6 g m − 2 day − 1 of biomass. The growth medi...

Polyphenolic compounds are vital components of plants. However, their analysis is particularly difficult and challenging due to their similar chemical and structural properties. In this study, we developed a simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD protocol for determining nineteen pharmacologically important polyphenols in plant-based food samples, includ...

The underlying pathophysiology of nonhealing chronic wounds is poorly understood due to the changes occurring at the gene level and the complexity arising in their proteomic profile. Here, we elucidated the temporal and differential profile of the normal and diabetic wound-healing mediators along with their interactions and associated pathways. Ski...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern in infectious disease management, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates, and having a greater impact in low- and middle-income countries. In vitro, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential in identifying effective treatment for individual patients and predicting...

In this study, a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme was extracted from the selected agricultural food products, i.e., Mangifera indica (L.), Solanum tuberosum (L.), and Luffa cylindrica (L.), which has efficiently degraded the azo dyes (Methylene blue, Reactive Black-5, and Toluidine Blue-O) into less toxic compounds. After preparing...

In this study, a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme was extracted from the selected agricultural food products, i.e., Mangifera indica (L.), Solanum tuberosum (L.), and Luffa cylindrica (L.), which has efficiently degraded the azo dyes (Methylene blue, Reactive Black-5, and Toluidine Blue-O) into less toxic compounds. After preparing...

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms with extraordinary potential to be utilized for various biotechnological applications toward establishing a green and sustainable future. Despite enormous research efforts, the commercial-scale production of cyanobacteria and the economic sustainability of the upstream process are still under question. Dev...

This study reports synthesizing and characterizing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) using substituted benzoates as anions. Thermal stability of ILs described using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). One inherent property of ILs is aggregates or cluster formation due to supramolecular interactions. The supramolecular interaction in synthesized I...

Fluorescent metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising sensing materials with tunable and robust structural properties and remarkable luminescent capabilities. In this study, a novel dual-emission fluorescent metal−organic framework (EY@MOF-5) composite is synthesized by a one-pot bottle-around-ship approach. Eosin Y (EY) is encapsulated in MOF-...

The genus Nepeta L. is a member of the family Lamiaceae, commonly known as catmints or catnips. Nepeta L. has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Additionally, it is sometimes used in herbal tea for its calming effects. Chemical fingerprinting of Nepeta species can help in determining the specific chemical constituents...

Acute leukemia (AL) is a critical neoplasm of white blood cells with two main subtypes: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study is focused on understanding the association of the preleukemic disease aplastic anemia (APA) with ALL and AML at metallomic level, using healthy subjects as a control. In this study,...

The present review focuses on the widely used graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-tungsten oxide (WO3) nanocomposite in photocatalytic applications. These catalysts are widely employed due to their easy preparation, high physicochemical stability, nontoxicity, electron-rich properties, electronic band structure, chemical stability, low cost, earth-ab...

Removing contaminants from water is crucial to safeguard the global water supply chain. Water purification using membrane technology is an effective and energy-efficient solution. Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising candidate for developing advanced membranes with tunable permeation parameters. In this study, porous CeO2/GO structures are hierarchic...

Removing contaminants from water is crucial to safeguard the global water supply chain. Water purification using membrane technology is an effective and energy-efficient solution. Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising candidate for developing advanced membranes with tunable permeation parameters. In this study, porous CeO2/GO structures are hierarchic...

Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics with multifunctional features are highly desired in domestic and outdoor applications. However, the short coating longevity and hazardous reagents significantly reduce their commercial-scale applications. Herein, we introduce CeO2 nanoparticles and stearic acid (SA) to develop a fluorine-free, durable superhydrophobi...

Globally, obesity is a severe health issue. A more precise and practical approach is required to enhance clinical care and drug development. The FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene variant rs1421085 is strongly associated with an increased susceptibility to obesity in numerous populations; however, the precise mechanism behind this associati...

Veterinary drug residues present in foods can pose severe health threats to the population. The present study aims to develop a high-resolution mass spectral library of 158 veterinary drugs of 16 different classes for their rapid identification in food samples through liquid chromatography-high-resolution electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectro...

Pharmacological induction of fetal hemoglobin has proven to be a promising therapeutic intervention in β-hemoglobinopathies by reducing the globin chain imbalance and inhibiting sickle cell polymerization. Fagonia indica has shown therapeutic relevance to β-thalassemia. Therefore, we study the ethnopharmacological potential of Fagonia indica and it...

Honey intake is advantageous to human health due to its antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, all of which are attributed to the rich bioactive compound contents. Moreover, hepatoprotective, wound healing, and gastrointestinal protective properties have been documented. Honey’s nutritional value is significantly a...

From the n-butanol soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of the medicinal plant Olax subscorpioidea, a previously unreported rotameric biflavonoid glycoside constituted of 4 0-O-methylgallocatechin-(4α ! 8)-4 0-O-methylgallocatechin as aglycone named olasubscorpioside C (1) along with the known 4 0-O-methylgallocatechin (2) were isolated. Their s...

Background: Tolfenamic acid (TA) belongs to the fenamates class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Insufficient information is available regarding the availability of a reliable and validated stability-indicating method for the assay of TA. Objective: A relatively simple, rapid, accurate, precise, economical, robust, and stability-indicat...

Carminic Acid (CA), an insect-derived red color, is widely used as a colorant and additive in food and non-food items. The detection of CA is of great concern since it is unacceptable for vegetarians and vegans consumers. Therefore, it is important for food authorities to have a rapid detection method for CA. We describe here a simple and rapid met...

Metabolomics has been used as a powerful tool for the analysis, and drug-lead identification in medicinal plants and herbal medicines. For the coverage of a broader range of plant-based metabolites using LC-MS, one of the important parameters is the selection of analysis mode and data processing for identification. This paper describes the utility...

Textiles are a basic need of people in all cast and sectors. Over the years, development in this field has become obligatory. Functional textiles have been a research hot spot with the rapid rise of nanotechnology in the last two decades. This review emphasizes the historical perspective and needs for the development and evolution of textiles, the...

Hypoxia and acidosis are ubiquitous hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and in most solid cancers they have been linked to rewired cancer cell metabolism. These TME stresses are linked to changes in histone post‐translational modifications (PTMs) like methylation and acetylation, which lead to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Hypoxia a...

Purpose: Antibiotic resistance development in pathogenic bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae seriously threatens humankind. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction of bacteria with antibiotic agents and how it acquires resistance at the molecular level. The current study describes metabolomics analysis of K. pneumoniae sensitive s...

Xanthones are widely distributed polyphenols, present commonly in higher plants; Garcinia, Calophyllum, Hypericum, Platonia, Mangifera, Gentiana and Swertia. Xanthone tricyclic scaffold is able to interact with different biological targets, showing antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, as well as potent effects against osteoarthritis, malaria, and c...

Arctium lappa L. is a medicinal edible homologous plant, commonly known as burdock or bardana, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is widely distributed throughout Northern Asia, Europe, and North America and has been utilized for hundreds of years. The roots, fruits, seeds, and leaves of A. lappa have been extensively used in traditional Ch...

Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which causes therapeutic resistance. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) is a key regulator of hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) and a promising therapeutic target against solid tumors. Among other HIF‐1α inhibitors, vorinostat (suberoyl...

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Metalloproteins have been linked to human health and diseases. The molecular functions of metalloproteins in IHD is not well understood and require further exploration. The objective of this study was to find out the role of metalloproteins in the pericardial fluid of IHD pat...

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) belongs to the Zingiberaceae plant family. It is cultivated in subtropical and tropical countries and has been used commonly as a spice and home remedy for many centuries. Ginger constituents, especially essential oils (GEO), have recently gained popularity due to their antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and...

Sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SGCN) is prepared by thermal polymerization and utilized for industrial acid orange-7 (AO-7) degradation. Under visible light radiation, the degradation pathway is investigated using liquid chromatography-mass...

β-thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders and a life-threatening health issue in children. A cost-effective and safe therapeutic approach to treat this disease is to reactivate the γ-globin gene for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production that has been silenced during infancy. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA approved HbF inducer. Howev...

The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SA) ranks fifth in Asia in terms of area. It features broad biodiversity, including interesting flora, and was the historical origin of Islam. It is endowed with a large variety of plants, including many herbs, shrubs, and trees. Many of these plants have a long history of use in traditional medicine. The aim of this re...

This study employed the cyanobacterium Pseudoscillatoria coralii BERC01 for the biological retrieval of the nutrients from sullage wastewater for the resource recovery and recycling of water. The strain was cultured in the synthetic wastewater (mBG11) containing varying concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and carbon. Interestingly, rea...

Herein, we report a new, simple, one pot and chemoselective method for N‐methylation and N,N‐dimethylation of aliphatic and aromatic amines under ambient conditions using NHC‐borane i.e 1,3‐dimethylimidazole‐2‐ylidene borane (diMe‐Imd‐BH3), as reducing agent. The present strategy has significant advantages like mild reaction conditions, quick and e...

The continuous development of resistance to antibiotic drugs by microorganisms causes high mortality and morbidity. Pathogens with distinct features and biochemical abilities make them destructive to human health. Therefore, early identification of the pathogen is of substantial importance for quick ailments and healthcare outcomes. Several phenoty...

The most significant pollinators of crops globally are thought to be honey bees. Unfortunately, bee loss is an issue brought on by a variety of circumstances, such as pesticide use, poor nutrition, parasitic mites, and climate change. The spore-forming unicellular fungi Nosema apis and N. ceranae cause nosemosis, a serious microsporidian disease of...

Durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic cotton fabric is highly desired in the modern textile market. However, bottlenecks are the difficult functionalization of desired molecules on hydrophilic cotton fabric and achieving sustainable multifunctional characteristics. Herein, a facile two-step method is proposed to prepare multifunctional super...

This paper describes eight new triterpenoid saponins, including afzeliioside A (1), four acetylated afzeliiosides as pairs of inseparable regioisomers, called afzeliiosides B/C (2/3) and D/E (4/5), afzeliiosides F-H (6−8), and a known impatiprin C (9), which were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the liana of Microglossa afzelii. Their structure...

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against...

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) based strategies have been explored in recent years for improving quantitative analysis of metabolites. However, the data analysis is challenging for DIA methods as the resulting spectra are highly multiplexed. Thus, the DIA mode requires advanced software analysis to facilitate the data deconvolution process. We...

Metabolomics offers a promising approach to studying metabolites in the biological system. It offers new opportunities to assess the disease progression and biomarker selection and also provides a pathophysiological understanding of the disease. Autoimmune liver disease is a major public health concern worldwide. Three main categories of this disea...

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia are public health issues that affect people all over the world. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction is a molecular intervention, including hydroxyurea, which has made an effort to improve current treatment. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is formerly reported with improving levels of hemoglobin, mean cor...

The present research aims to propose a simple and accurate technique for the analysis of Rifaximin in the presence of its stress degradation products and analysis of degradation products by LC-MS/MS analysis. Rifaximin was submitted to forced degradation under acid hydrolysis condition as prescribed by the ICH.The active Rifaximin was complementary...

Red Blood Cell’s membrane loses its integrity during hemoglobinopathies like β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Various mutations have been associated with β-thalassemia, the most prevalent of which is the IVS-1-5 (G>C) mutation. It is associated with poor prognosis of the disease with the dependency on transfusion. Here, we have investigated t...

Honeybees are the most prevalent insect pollinator species; they pollinate a wide rangeof crops. Colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is caused by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors,incurs high economic/ecological loss. Despite extensive research to identify and study the variousecological stressors such as microbial infections, exposure to p...

Drinking water is the main source of fluoride intake for the human body and its regulated consumption helps in decreasing dental caries. However, excessive fluoride consumption over a prolonged time period causes fluorosis disease which adversely affects many tissues and organs of the body. This paper describes the evaluation of chronic intoxicatio...

Drinking water is the main source of fluoride intake for the human body and its regulated consumption helps in decreasing dental caries. However, excessive fluoride consumption over a prolonged time period causes fluorosis disease which adversely affects many tissues and organs of the body. This paper describes the evaluation of chronic intoxicatio...

In this study, we have investigated the fragmentation of the widely used steroidal pharmaceutical drugs (n=14), complexed by a singly charged proton or alkali metal ion (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) using Ion trap and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Spectra were collected by LC-MS/MS analysis using system automated collision energy i.e., of 25-60 eV...

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a potent genetic modifier, and the γ-globin gene induction has proven to be a sustainable therapeutic approach for the management of β-thalassemia. In this study, we have evaluated the HbF induction ability of A. vasica in vitro and in vivo, and the identification of potential therapeutic compounds through a bioassay-guide...

An enrichment method was developed for the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg) in artificial saliva extracts (ASE) of frequently consuming chewing tobacco products (CTP). The artificial saliva extracts of the mainpuri and gutkha chewing tobacco were subjected to dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLµE) based on the ultrasound based bac...

RBCs membrane loses its integrity during hemoglobinopathies such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. The severity of β-thalassemia has been historically linked to the presence of XMN polymorphism which is believed to ameliorate the severity. Here, we investigate the effect of XMN polymorphism on RBC membrane lipidome isolated from patients, u...

Fungal transformation of a norethisterone (17α-ethynylestra-4-en-17β-ol-3-one) (1) by using Macrophomina phaseolina and Paecilomyces variotii was studied. A new metabolite, 17α-hydroxymethyl-androst-4-en-11β-ol-3-one-17β-acetate (2) with novel changes and a known metabolite, 17α-ethynylestradiol (3) were obtained from 1 by using M. phaseolina and P...

Natural product screening in plants has always been a difficult task due to the complex nature of the plant material and diverse structures of the compounds present in them. Among them, flavonoids are important and diverse class of plant secondary metabolites with numerous medicinal activities. The present study focuses on the development of a high...

Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) together are known as the iron triad exhibiting similar chemical and physical affinities in the periodic table. We have developed a green, efficient, highly selective, environmentally benign, water-IL biphasic solvent extraction system for the selective extraction of iron triad elements from their aqueous mixt...

Rationales: Pentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves, and stem bark. Due to their important biological activities, these compounds are widely screened using advance analytical techniques like electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Over the past few decades, the practice of electrospray...

Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria are suitable candidates to study the effect of alkaline wastewater cultivation on molecular metabolic responses. In the present study, the impact of wastewater, alkalinity, and alkaline wastewater cultivation was studied on the biomass production, biochemical composition, and the alkalinity responsive molecular mechanism...

High-throughput and efficient identification of drugs in a complex mixture is required in many pharmaceutical industries and drug testing laboratories. The present study aims to utilize an efficient pooling strategy for the preparation of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS) library of drugs with different therapeutic properties. Com...

Bee venom (BV) is a typical toxin secreted by stingers of honeybee workers. BV and BV therapy have long been attractive to different cultures, with extensive studies during recent decades. Nowadays, BV is applied to combat several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, alopecia, vitiligo, and psoriasis. BV is used extensively in t...

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body. Identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these medicinal plants against hypertension. A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a diode array detector...

The inaccessibility of clean water is one of the growing issues of this era. Indeed, cost-effective and sustainable methods for recycling wastewater are essential. Although membrane separation is an efficient technology for the recycling and purification of water, membrane fouling is still a major drawback of this technology. This work is aimed to...

Reversal of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) silencing is an attractive therapeutic intervention for β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. The current study proposes the therapeutic of repurposing of cilostazol, an FDA-approved antithrombotic agent, as a promising HbF inducer. Preliminary, we report that cilostazol induced erythroid differentiation and hemog...

Organic foods gaining popularity due its connection with the health, high nutritional value, and high quality. Therefore, it is of prime importance to develop the analytical methods to combat with food authentication and protect consumer from the food fraud. Conventional soy sauce (CS) and organic soy sauce (OS) were characterized and differentiate...

The phytochemical investigation on Indigofera heterantha root oil resulted in the identification of 121 phytochemicals using GC-MS analysis. These phytochemicals were docked against alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase enzymes. The docking results suggested that Hexacosyl acetate (121) possess alpha-amylase inhibitory potential with a docking score of...

For several decades, biotransformational studies on steroidal compounds have gained a lot of attention because it is an efficient approach for the structural modification of complicated natural or synthetic compounds with high regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity at environmentally friendly conditions. This review summarizes the use of different st...

The impact of wastewater cultivation was studied on pollutant removal, biomass production, and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites by newly isolated cyanobacteria namely Acaryochloris marina BERC03, Oscillatoria sp. BERC04, and Pleurocapsa sp. BERC06. During cultivation in urabn wastewater, its pH used to adjust from pH 8.0 to 11, offering conta...

Simple Summary: There is a rising demand for food security in the face of threats posed by a growing human population. Bees as an insect play a crucial role in crop pollination alongside other animal pollinators such as bats, birds, beetles, moths, hoverflies, wasps, thrips, and butterflies and other vectors such as wind and water. Bees contribute...

The discovery and identification of novel natural products of medicinal importance in the herbal medicine industry becomes a challenge. The complexity of this process can be reduced by dereplication strategies. The current study includes a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using the evaporative light scattering detector...

Lichens are a large group of valuable lower plants with unique features and diverse applications worldwide such as in medicine, cosmetics, food, and textile industries. They are also well known for their potential in observing climate and environmental monitoring. Their successful exploitations require reliable analytical methods to check and maint...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure in the body by converting angiotensin-I into angiotensin-II. It is the basic component of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), imbalance of RAAS may leads to many cardiovascular and renal diseases. There are many marketed available drugs for the inhibit...

Bee pollen is a combination of plant pollen and honeybee secretions and nectar. The Bible and ancient Egyptian texts are documented proof of its use in public health. It is considered a gold mine of nutrition due to its active components that have significant health and medicinal properties. Bee pollen contains bioactive compounds including protein...

Cyanobacteria have numerous biotechnological applications in the environment, industry, pharmaceutics, food, feed, and energy which is why future cascading biorefineries are believed to employ cyanobacteria as their feedstock. The present study evaluated the potential of a newly isolated cyanobacterium for its applications in the multiproduct biore...

The adulteration of plant raw materials used for the preparation of herbal drugs with foreign plant material is one of the important issues in the quality control of herbal products. Chemical fingerprinting is a well-known approach for the characterization of secondary metabolites associated with the plant species and can be used for quality contro...

Pharmacological reactivation of developmentally silenced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is an attractive approach to ameliorate the clinical manifestations of β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Hydroxyurea, the only HbF inducer, has obtained regulatory approval. However, hydroxyurea non-responders and associated myelosuppression making its widespread us...

Naturally occurring benzoic acid (BA) derived anions have been used to prepare halogen free hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs 1-4). The supramolecular polymeric aggregation behaviour of these ILs has been studied through high-resolution electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Furthermore, these ILs were applied as catalyst/phase trans...