Svetlana Dambinova

• DSc, PhD
• Decatur Hospital Emory Healthcare

Introduction. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) contribute to the development of cerebral hypoperfusion and neurotoxicity, leading to recurrent transient ischemic attacks and cerebral infarctions. These processes are accompanied by the release of the NR2 peptide into the bloods...

Objective This prospective controlled observational cohort pilot study investigated a potential blood-based biomarker [α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)] and relationship to neurocognitive testing in collegiate athletes. Methods A multisport sample of 60 collegiate athletes (53% female; 44 contact, 16 non-contac...

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) silently affects a large part of the population, increasing its prevalence with age and with the presence of vascular risk factors. Its deleterious effects on brain parenchyma increase the risk of stroke, cognitive decline and dementia, and it is responsible for a spectrum of symptoms that are much less obvious,...

Considering the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in the general and especially elderly population, and its impact on the risk of stroke, cognitive decline and dementia, its adequate management is of paramount importance. Recent progress in CSVD research has contributed to advances in diagnoses, prevention and treatment optimization. T...

Neurotoxicity biomarker concept implying NR2 peptide and antibodies is presented in experimental models of transient cerebral ischemia and intracerebral hematoma. Various platforms of NR2 peptide and antibodies assays are developed to improve diagnostic certainty of cerebral ischemia. The assay bench testing results and methods are described. There...

The present chapter provides a minireview of potential markers for assessment of cerebral and spinal cord infarctions. It has been suggested that cerebral and spinal cord infarction might be assessed using antibodies to immune active fragments of glutamate receptor biomarkers according to gradual presentation of symptoms and structural alterations...

In this chapter different scenarios of biomarkers evaluating ischemic stroke caused by small vessel occlusions and leading to cerebral infarction are considered. Results of assays detecting glutamate receptor (GluR) peptides alone or combined into biomarkers panel to assess microvessel and small vessel strokes are explored in case report studies. A...

Recent progress in biomarker research, neuromethods development, and clinical practice has contributed to advances in stroke diagnoses and treatment optimization. At present, no “perfect” biomarker(s) exists for stroke. A “perfect” biomarker could assist in risk assessment, predict and distinguish the stroke from mimicking conditions, and measure d...

This chapter focuses on the main classes of plasticity biomarkers consisting various neurovascular specific regulators, glial/neuronal proteins, and peptide growth factor profiles related to selective types of experimental stroke recovery. Radiological methods supporting the progress of spontaneous, therapy-induced restoration, and cell-induced rep...

Stroke assessment is critical, complex, and should include integrative techniques combining clinical/functional, neurostructural, and biochemical markers. Accurate assessment of stroke and its appropriate timely management are essential to ensure a favorable outcome avoiding the risk of recurrent events. There is still an unmet medical need in sear...

Objectives. To study the concentration of antibodies to glutamate receptors in the serum and CSF of patients with vascular myelopathy in parallel with conventional diagnostic approaches. Materials and methods. The study group included 40 patients with vascular myelopathy: 10 patients with spinal stroke and 30 with subacute and chronic myelopathy. A...

Objectives. To assess the diagnostic value of NR2 peptide as a biomarker for cerebral ischemia by studying its plasma concentration in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and to determine changes in levels due to treatment with the low molecular weight neuroprotector Cortexin. Materials and Methods. A total of 120 patients aged 18–70 years were stud...

This chapter presents data supporting the hypothesis that glutamate neuroreceptor peptides are specific biomarkers of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and compromised cerebral blood flow following neurotrauma. Specifically, the authors propose that three key brain biomarkers might be utilized to improve diagnostic certainty of the consequences of acute...

Vascular myelopathy is a rare severe disease caused by a broad spectrum of causes, among which pathology of the aorta and its branches, aortic surgery, spinal diseases, and spinal trauma occupy the main place. The processes of neuroinflammation and glutamate neurotoxicity play a leading role in the pathogenesis of myeloischemia. The clinical pictur...

Background and Objectives: Time delay is a challenge in using biomarkers in guiding acute ischemic stroke (IS) therapy. Therapeutic decisions must be made quickly and standard blood draws with transport to a laboratory results in delay of results and possible degradation of biomarkers. We report the initial experience with rapid nanoparticle latera...

A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the...

A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the...

A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the...

A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the...

A rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the...

Material and methods: Forty patients with spinal cord ischemia (10 with spinal stroke and 30 with subacute and chronic course of the disease) were enrolled. After exclusion of some participants, 27 patients continued the study. Comparison groups included 30 patients with ischemic stroke and 30 patients with radiculopathy. The control group consist...

Aim: To study blood plasma concentrations of NR2-peptide in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) to assess its diagnostic value as a biomarker of cerebral ischemia and determine the dynamics of the biomarker during treatment with cortexin. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty patients, aged from 18 to 70 years, including 36 with transient...

Concussion is a complex, heterogeneous process affecting the brain. Accurate assessment and diagnosis and appropriate management of concussion are essential to ensure that athletes do not prematurely return to play or others to work or active military duty, risking re-injury. To date, clinical diagnosis relies primarily on evaluating subjects for f...

The H-1 NMR spectra of 1-vinylpyrazole and its 4-bromosubstituted derivative have been studied. The suppression of spin-spin coupling is rationalized by alteration of relaxation time of nuclei (interacting according to spin-spin mechanism) in samples containing paramagnetic ions. The analysis of long-range spin-spin coupling allows deducing the inf...

Provided are methods for detecting various subunits and isoforms of NMDA receptors to help diagnose and differentiate (1) the anatomical location of NMDA receptor over-expression. (2) ischemic conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and (3) the type and cause of chronic pain.

The peculiarities of molecular structure of 1-vinylimidazoles were studied using 1Н and 13С NMR spectra of its complexes. Mechanisms of delocalization of unpaired electron spin density in the complex CoCl2ṡ4(1-vinylimidazole) were revealed. Characteristic features of 1-vinylimidazole coordination with (C2H5)3SnCl were established. Unlike paramagnet...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042362.].

Objectives: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) peptide, a product of the proteolytic degradation of AMPA receptors in healthy nonathletes and athletes with concussions, is assessed. The detection of AMPAR peptide in conjunction with neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging is undertaken. Subjects: Persons (n...

Introduction: Feasibility studies of NR2 peptide, a cleavage product of NMDA neuroreceptors that released into the bloodstream due to cerebral ischemia were conducted at 8 clinical sites. The following indications were probed: acute IS vs non-stroke, IS vs hemorrhage, risk of TIA/stroke and secondary ischemic events. The diagnostic potential of NR2...

This mini-review analyzes advantages and limitations of current methods of assessment of cerebral concussions considering functional, structural and metabolic factors in decision making for return to play. Novel neurotoxicity biomarkers, AMPA and NMDA receptor peptide/antibodies are proposed for evaluation of subtle brain injury following concussio...

Chlorine atoms of polyvinylchloride were replaced by sulfo and benzimidazolyl groups by nucleophilic substitution. It was shown that the reaction of the polymer with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole sodium salt and sulfuric or chlorosulfonic acid proceeds via dehydrochlorination. The synthesized materials were used for preparing proton-conducting membranes...

The acute assessment of patients with suspected ischemic stroke remains challenging. The use of brain biomarker assays may improve the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The main goal of the study was to evaluate whether the NR2 peptide, a product of the proteolytic degradation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, can differentiate acute isch...

Case report study paper by Weissman JD, Khunteev GA, Dambinova SA (2012) Biomarkers in acute stroke. MAG J 3: 20–22. (PDF)

Due to injuries sustained in sports and in combat, interest in TBI has never been greater. Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury will fulfil a gap in our understanding of what is occurring in the brain following injury that can subsequently be detected in biological fluids and imaging. This knowledge will be useful for all researchers and clinician...

Due to injuries sustained in sports and in combat, interest in TBI has never been greater. Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury will fulfil a gap in our understanding of what is occurring in the brain following injury that can subsequently be detected in biological fluids and imaging. This knowledge will be useful for all researchers and clinician...

Due to injuries sustained in sports and in combat, interest in TBI has never been greater. Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury will fulfil a gap in our understanding of what is occurring in the brain following injury that can subsequently be detected in biological fluids and imaging. This knowledge will be useful for all researchers and clinician...

In this chapter, results of the search for biomarkers of neurotoxicity to assess brain injury using molecular biological, biochemical, and immunochemical methods are described. How, when, and which specific glutamate receptor biomarker is released from the CNS into peripheral fluids in response to mild injury is explained using a neurodegradomics a...

The reaction of elemental sulfur with poly(vinyl chloride) is studied in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and without any solvent under various conditions. Black polymers containing 3.77–57.64% chemically bonded sulfur and, according to IR spectroscopy, including >C=CC=S groups in macromolecules are obtained. It is shown that the diffraction curves of poly(v...

In vivo mitochondria oxidize several metabolites simultaneously. Therefore, changes in metabolic condition associated with age (menopause in women) or disease (diabetes) may have distinct effect on mitochondria from different organs. We tested this hypothesis by analysis of heart (HM), brain (BM) and spinal cord (SCM) mitochondria isolated from you...

Predicting stroke using biomarkers would enable clinicians to help prevent stroke or mitigate damage. Several stroke biomarkers have been investigated but none has shown near term predictive value. We studied patients presenting with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) to determine whether serum levels of autoantibodies to the NM...

In recent years neurologists pay special attention to biochemical markers of instrumental diagnosis of brain ischemia in its acute phase. Determination of specific biomarkers in the blood of patients at early stages of cerebral blood circulation disorders may be helpful in screening patients at high risk of stroke in the short-term period. We prese...

Possible interactions between nervous and immune systems during opioid addiction remain elusive. Recombinant mu-delta opioid receptors (MDOR) and the glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) subunit of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid glutamate receptors are involved in acute and chronic effects of morphine. Elevated levels of autoantibodies...

Several groups of brain receptors are involved in the mechanisms underlying the development of opiate addiction, but the interactions occurring between these neuroreceptors and the immune system, including potential autoimmune responses, remain poorly understood. We studied in rats the effects of repeated administration of different psychotropic dr...

The goal of this study was to compare the predictive ability of S100B, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies (NR2Ab) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for neurological deficits after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We investigated 557 high-risk adult patients who underwent coronary artery or valve replacement surgery using C...

We studied adsorption capacity of 5 latexes to synthetic peptide fragments of μ- and δ-opioid receptors and to GluR1 and NR2A subunits of glutamate receptor. Levels of autoantibodies to opioid receptors in the latex agglutination test and enzyme immunoassay were in good correlation. The level of autoantibodies to opioid receptors measured by these...

In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of substance P on dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid levels in the nucleus accumbens in rats. Each animal received sequential injections of physiological saline, 0.1 microg of substance P, and 1 microg of substance P into the lateral ventricle over three days. Dialysates s...

People are very likely to start psychoactive drug use during adolescence, an earlier onset being associated with a higher risk of developing addiction later in life. In experiment I, Pre- (postnatal day (pnd) 23-35), Mid- (pnd 36-48), or Post- (pnd 49-61) adolescent mice underwent a restricted-drinking period (2 h/day for 12 days), one bottle conta...

The effects of central administration of substance P (SP) on alcohol consumption and dopamine metabolism in the projections of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems of the brain were studied in chronically alcoholic rats. Rats received 15% ethanol solution for 6 months without choice. Intraventricular administration of SP (1 microg/rat) d...

Background: Stroke is a multisystemic disorder that includes mechanisms of thrombosis and neurotoxic coupling. Key metabolites of the molecular cascade following biochemical events appear simultaneously in brain tissue, the blood–brain barrier, and brain vessels, activating the immune system and generating autoantibodies (aAbs) to brain-specific an...

Stroke is a multisystemic disorder that includes mechanisms of thrombosis and neurotoxic coupling. Key metabolites of the molecular cascade following biochemical events appear simultaneously in brain tissue, the blood-brain barrier, and brain vessels, activating the immune system and generating autoantibodies (aAbs) to brain-specific antigens. We d...

Background: In our previous research we showed that brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), independently associated with cerebral ischemia and their autoantibodies may serve as a stroke marker.1 In the present investigation, we developed rapid blood assay-detecting NR2 peptide the fragment of NMDAR and used it to differentiate ischemic strok...

The role of NMDA receptors in molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity was investigated using rat models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. Expression of NR2A and NR2B receptor mRNAs up-regulated in cortex after 3 h of reperfusion following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). This effect was accompanied by an increase in NR2A and NR2B immunor...

Action of substance P on the contents of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the nucleus accumbens of rats was investigated with microdialysis procedure. During 3 days, each animal daily received i.v. the saline (the 1st day), 0.1 mcg of substance P (the 2nd day), 1 mcg of substance P (the 3rd day). Elevation of accumbal d...

Adsorption ability of few kinds of latex covered by synthetic peptide fragments of mu- and delta-opiate receptors (OR) is investigated. The levels of autoantibodies to opiate receptors fragments in the blood serum of patients with drug abuse are detected by latex agglutination and ELISA. The patients with drug abuse demonstrated positive latex aggl...

The influence of central substance P (SP) administration on alcohol intake and brain dopamine metabolism within mesocortico-limbic and nigrostiatal systems of rats exposed to ethanol, was studied. During 6 months, the rats consumed 15% ethanol solution instead of water. Central administration of SP (3 mcg/kg) decreased alcohol consumption by 41% in...

The role of glutamate receptors in the brain spiking activity was evaluated. The electroencephalographic (EEG) spiking activity was monitored and autoreactive antibodies (aAbs) to subunits of glutamate receptors were assessed in the blood serum of epileptic and ischemic stroke patients. We showed that the level of GluR autoantibodies in blood serum...

The brain is particularly vulnerable to drugs of abuse changing the neuroreceptor functions. Opiates interact and overstimulate heterogeneous opioid receptors leading to their desensitization, internalization, and activation of recombinant opioid receptor. The molecular properties of rat and human brain recombinant mu-delta receptor were compared w...

The role of glutamate receptors in the brain spiking activity was evaluated The electroencephalographic (EEG) spiking activity was monitored and autoreactive antibodies (aAbs) to subunits of glutamate receptors were assessed in the blood serum of epileptic and ischemic stroke patients We showed that the level of GluR autoantibodies in blood serum o...

To the Editor: Brey et al1 reported what is to their knowledge the first study to demonstrate a prospective association between sera cofactor-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies and stroke independent of other risk factors as well as myocardial infarction (MI). In addition to lending support to basic research that has shown the pathogenicity of a...

The brain is particularly vulnerable to drugs of abuse changing the neuroreceptor functions. Opiates interact and overstimulate heterogeneous opioid receptors leading to their desensitization, internalization, and activation of recombinant opioid receptor. The molecular properties of rat and human brain recombinant mu-delta receptor were compared w...

The level of autoantibodies to opiate receptors was measured in serum of heroin addicts in withdrawal and in the period of long-term abstinence and in healthy volunteers as well. The level of autoantibodies was assessed with ELISA with synthetic peptide specific for subregions of mu and delta opiate receptors. The scores of the level of autoantibod...

The level of autoantibodies to opiate receptors was measured in serum of heroin addicts in withdrawal and in the period of long-term abstinence and in healthy volunteers as well. The level of autoantibodies was assessed with ELISA with synthetic peptide specific for subregions of mu and delta opiate receptors. The scores of the level of autoantibod...

For studying diagnostic possibilities of a new laboratory test for cerebral ischemia (CIS-test), thirty patients have been examined. The level of autoantibodies to NMDA type glutamate receptors is shown to increase significantly (3-5 times) in patients with stage 2 dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Parallel measurements of free glutamate and homocyste...

The effect of substance P on alcohol intake was studied in rats using a limited scheduled access paradigm. Ascending doses of substance P (100 and 200 micrograms/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to rats approximately 30 minute prior to their 1-hour-per-day access to alcohol. Each dose was administered for 3 successive days, and the effect of...

The effect of substance P on alcohol intake was studied in rats using a limited scheduled access paradigm. Ascending doses of substance P (100 and 200 μg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to rats approximately 30 minute prior to their 1-hour-per-day access to alcohol. Each dose was administered for 3 successive days, and the effect of substan...

The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to assess the safety and the efficacy of the pharmaceutic drug glycine in 200 patients with acute (<6 h) ischaemic stroke in the carotid artery territory. Fifty patients received placebo, 49 glycine 0.5 g/day, 51 glycine 1.0 g/day and 50 glycine 2.0 g/day for 5 days in each grou...

The interactions existing between substance P- and dopamine-positive neurons, notably in the basal ganglia, suggest that substance P may have therapeutic use in treatment of Parkinson's disease characterized by impaired dopaminergic transmission. The effects of intracerebroventricularly administered substance P were tested on the levels of dopamine...

57 children aged 3-15 years were examined: children with epilepsy (n = 26), children with epileptic syndrome (n = 16) and children with other neurologic pathology (n = 15). Control group included 25 healthy children. Diagnostic efficiency of the epileptic test was investigated on the basis of the detection of autoantibodies (aAb) to glutamate recep...

Both the efficiency of glycine in the acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke and mechanisms of its action were studied in a double blind placebo-controlled trial including 200 patients. Orgogozo's and Scandinavian scales for objective assessment of the condition severity and of a degree of neurologic deficiency, and Bartel's scale--for evaluat...

57 children aged 3-15 years were examined: children with epilepsy (n=26), children with epileptic syndrome (n=16) and children with of her neurologic pathology (n=15). Control group included 25 healthy children. Diagnostic efficiency of the epileptic test was investigated on the basis of the detection of autoantibodies (aAb) to glutamate receptor o...

We have monitored EEG spontaneous spiking activity and analyzed serum from rats with cobalt-induced epilepsy for the presence of autoreactive antibodies to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) glutamate receptor subunits. The presence and the level of autoantibodies were assessed using immunoblot and ELISA with synthetic pept...

Concentration of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor in blood serum of patients with acute brain ischemic stroke was significantly higher than in healthy persons and patients with other neurological diseases. Average content of cholesterol, lipid peroxides and glutamate in the serum were close in all patient groups investigated. It was sugg...

Concentration of autoantibodies to human brain NMDA-receptor in blood serum of patients with acute brain ischemic stroke was significantly higher than in healthy persons and patients with other neurological diseases. Average content of cholesterol, lipid peroxides and glutamate in the serum were close in all patient groups investigated. It was sugg...