Sven Gjedde Sommer

• Dr. Techs, PhD
• Aarhus University

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainable energy and resource management, this book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike. Written by leading experts in the field, it delves into the multifaceted realm of biomass, positioning it as the cornerstone of a non-fossil future. After navigating through the...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainable energy and resource management, this book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike. Written by leading experts in the field, it delves into the multifaceted realm of biomass, positioning it as the cornerstone of a non-fossil future. After navigating through the...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainable energy and resource management, this book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike. Written by leading experts in the field, it delves into the multifaceted realm of biomass, positioning it as the cornerstone of a non-fossil future. After navigating through the...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainable energy and resource management, this book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike. Written by leading experts in the field, it delves into the multifaceted realm of biomass, positioning it as the cornerstone of a non-fossil future. After navigating through the...

Ammonia volatilization from animal slurry applied to agricultural fields reduces nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture and pollutes the environment. This work presents new versions of a model and database focused on this route of N loss. The public ALFAM2 database (https://github.com/AU-BCE-EE/ALFAM2-data) was expanded with ammonia emission and an...

The fertosphere, as the interfaces between fertilizer granular and soil particles, represents a key hotspot for nitrogen transformation processes, particularly for ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Understanding the heterogeneity of the fertosphere, especially when incorporating organic amendments like biochars, is crucial for predic...

Dairy processing sludge is a phosphorus (P) rich waste with a high potential to replace mineral phosphorus fertiliser in crop production, with possible enhancement of greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a technology that transforms the sludge into a hydrochar. The objective of this study is examining P availab...

Ammonia volatilization from animal slurry applied to fields is a major source of emissions throughout the world. The ALFAM2 model (Hafner et al., 2019) was developed for estimating ammonia emission from this source, and is used for research (Pedersen et al., 2022) and inventories (Hafner et al., 2021). In this contribution we will present recent de...

Agricultural nitrogen (N) application to soils is the main source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3). Ammonia negatively impacts the environment on a large scale. However, emissions of NH3 are affected by spatiotemporal heterogeneities of soil parameters on a microscale. Some key parameters controlling processes of the N cycle are soil oxygen (O2) and pH...

Globally, to ensure food security bio-based fertilizers must replace a percentage of chemical fertilizers. Such replacement must be deemed sustainable from agronomic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission perspectives. For agronomic performance several controlled protocols are in place but not for testing GHG emissions. Herein, a pre-screening tool is p...

Agricultural nitrogen (N) application to soils is the main source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions. Ammonia negatively impacts the environment on a large scale. These emissions are affected by spatiotemporal heterogeneities of parameters within the soil on a microscale. Some key parameters controlling processes of the N cycle are soil oxygen...

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture have increased by 90% from 1970 to 2005, and agriculture is now the largest source of NH3 to the atmosphere. Calculated national NH3 emissions from agriculture using static emission factors do not reflect regional conditions. We propose, parameterize and test a simple model to calculate emission rates which...

Livestock manure is a major source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The emissions can be mitigated by production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure, mostly together with other biowastes, which can substitute fossil energy and thereby reduce CO2 emissions and postdigestion GHG emissions. This pa...

Ammonia volatilization following land application can account for up to 70% of the ammonium content in deep litter. Soil incorporation reduce this volatilization significantly. The reduction efficiency of incorporation of land applied dairy deep litter by plowing and harrowing was measured with the ZINST micrometeorological measuring method. From n...

Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union...

This document reviews the calculation of emission factors (EFs) for ammonia (NH 3 ) lost from field-applied liquid manure in Denmark and describes the development of new EFs. The original EFs were developed in 2008 (Hansen et al., 2008) using a combination of the ALFAM model presented in 2002 (Søgaard et al., 2002) and fixed emission reductions. Th...

National inventories of methane (CH4) emission from manure management are based on guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change using country‐specific emission factors. These calculations must be simple and, consequently, the effects of management practices and environmental conditions are only crudely represented in the calculatio...

Liquid manure (slurry) from livestock releases methane (CH4) that contributes significantly to global warming. Existing models for slurry CH4 production—used for mitigation and inventories—include effects of organic matter loading, temperature, and retention time but cannot predict important effects of management, or adequately capture essential te...

Reduction of nitrate (NO 3 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) emission to the environment has, since the 1980s, been targeted by Danish environmentally friendly regulations. Nitrate pollution of aquifers and surface waters caused by farming was observed at the start of the 1980s, and in the mid-1980s, NH 3 emission was known to contribute reactive nitrogen (N)...

This is a preprint. Please see final published version instead: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252881 or https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352311346_A_mechanistic_model_of_methane_emission_from_animal_slurry_with_a_focus_on_microbial_groups Abstract. Livestock slurry releases methane (CH4) that contribute...

Urea is the most used fertilizer nitrogen (N), and is often applied as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), which may be an ammonia (NH3) emission source after application. This study examined whether the addition of urease inhibitors reduced NH3 emission, and, in combination with nitrification inhibitors, enhanced fertilizer N crop uptake. In three experi...

Emission of ammonia from agriculture is a major concern. The analytical analysis of ammonia is known to have some challenges and might be causing systematic errors. The effect of absorbing acids on an ion selective electrode and the Berthelot colouring reaction, in terms of precision, was quantified. We show that commonly used acid absorbents do no...

The largest source of ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere is NH3 from agriculture, the majority of which arise from livestock manure. The NH3 emitted is a threat to human health through the formation of fine particles, causes eutrophication of natural ecosystems and is a loss of fertilizer nitrogen (N). The Convention on Long-Range Transbound...

A thermal balance modeling framework is developed, based on heat transfer-resistance networks. The heat transfer model accounts for effects of digester- design, location and operation, including effects of solar irradiance, external heating and ambient climate. We demonstrate extendibility of the framework by using the model in dynamic simulations...

Composting of solid waste can be associated with a loss of the agronomic value (nutrient loss), as well as a source of environmental impact through the emission of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) and volatilization of ammonia (NH3). Additives have been considered as a useful option to mitigate these environmental em...

This work describes a semi-empirical dynamic model for predicting ammonia volatilization from field-applied slurry. Total volatilization is the sum of first-order transfer from two pools: a "fast" pool representing slurry in direct contact with the atmosphere, and a "slow" one representing fractions less available for emission due to infiltration o...

Ammonia (NH3) emission from agriculture is an environmental threat and a loss of nitrogen for crop production. Mineral fertilizers and manure are significant sources of NH3; therefore, abatement technologies have been introduced to mitigate these emissions. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that low-cost measuring techniques are suitable to...

Ammonia emission reduces the reliability and nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency of animal manure and mineral fertilizers applied to fields. The loss of ammonia to the atmosphere is frequently compensated for by costly over-application of N fertilizers. New technologies to reduce ammonia emission are regularly developed, and their efficacy needs to...

In the ten years before the EMILI 2012 symposium, g aseous losses from animal farms became increasingly important in the m edia. The paradox of this tendency was the great number of publications, scientific or not, even though the emissions of most animal farms had never been measured. Therefor e, the development of reference tools to measure green...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Most studies investigating steroid allergy have been performed with tixocortol pivalate, hydrocortisone butyrate and budesonide. Betnovate and Dermovate are widely prescribed in the U.K. but little is known about the frequency of sensitization to them. To determine the optimum method to detect contact allergy to betamethasone valerate (BV) and clob...

Patients with dermatitis are known to have impaired quality of life. Whether this varies according to body site has not been evaluated. Patch tests have previously been shown to influence quality of life, although no previous studies have shown if this is dependent on the results of the patch tests. To evaluate the impact of patch testing on qualit...

The day after intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) into her thigh, a 27-year-old-woman with normal liver function developed a relapsing and remitting eczematous reaction localized to the injection site, and later a further eczematous reaction under an adhesive dressing (Duoderm). On patch testing, she was positive to vitamin K1 an...

Positive patch test reactions to natural rubber latex (NRL) have been interpreted as allergic or irritant by different groups. Additives to the NRL test solution have also caused positive reactions in previous studies. Five centres of the British Contact Dermatitis Group conducted a prospective study on the prevalence of type IV hypersensitivity to...

The classification of vascular abnormalities is difficult. We describe a child with a disorder that is best described as angiokeratoma of Mibelli. This unusual, severe, predominantly acral case has been improved by long-wave Nd:YAG laser treatment, but treatment is still ongoing.

Ocular adverse effects of interferon are described during the treatment of malignant diseases and chronic viral hepatitis with interferon alpha. At this time, there is no report of these effects during multiple sclerosis treatment with interferon beta-1b. The authors report a bilateral retinopathy during this treatment. The production of neutralizi...

Keywords:allergic contact dermatitis;nickel;headband;children

Background and Objective Treatment of hirsutism is often unsatisfactory with many of the currently used methods providing only temporary improvement. The use of lasers for hair removal has shown promising results and treatment by using the normal mode ruby laser has provided reduction in hair numbers sustained on follow‐up. We report a woman who de...

We report a case of Birdshot retinochoroidopathy associated with ocular toxicity due to tamoxifen. Adverse drug effects were suspected due to the presence of yellow-white dots in the paramacular region and the fovea and by modifications of the retinal epithelial pigments. Ocular toxicity should be suspected as it may be reversible if recognized and...

Little information is available on pulsed dye laser treatment of darker Fitzpatrick skin types. We retrospectively reviewed our clinical experience treating mainly facial (12/13) port-wine stains (PWSs) in 13 patients of skin type V, whose ages ranged from 3 to 65 years. The response was excellent in 2 patients, good or moderate in 4 each, slight i...

Sweet's syndrome was initially described as a reactive dermatosis characterized by sudden onset of fever, leucocytosis, and raised erythematous plaques infiltrated with neutrophils, and therefore called acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. However, later it became obvious that fever and neutrophilia are variable features, and a number of other ch...

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is usually seen in older adults and is often associated with systemic vascular disease, this is much less evident in young people. A case report of a 28-year-old woman presented a central retinal vein occlusion in her left eye. This young woman was treated with antiandrogenic drug. Investigations revealed an ab...

Fifty-one patients of skin type I to IV with facial hirsutism received treatment with the normal-mode ruby laser (950-micros pulse; 4-mm spot; mean fluence, 49 J/cm(2); maximum fluence, 66 J/cm(2)). For each patient, one site was treated once only, and a second site was treated 4 times at 4-week intervals. After 48 weeks, 46 patients were available...

Eosinophilic cellulitis is an inflammatory dermatosis of unknown aetiology. We describe a case following the lines of Blaschko, which may be the expression of cutaneous mosaicism, suggesting a possible underlying genetic predisposition for the development of Wells' syndrome.

We describe a healthy young woman with a localized deep dermal infection on the right side of the chest wall. It was caused by the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and resolved after two pulses of oral itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 week. As cultural and microscopic features did not enable a precise identification of the fungus, mol...

Pulsed dye laser treatment is well established for the treatment of port-wine stains and other vascular skin lesions. Although hyperpigmentation is quite common, other side effects such as hypopigmentation and atrophic scarring occur infrequently, and hypertrophic scarring is rare.

The SiH2D2 asymmetric top has nine vibrational modes, five of them forming a pentad strongly perturbed by Coriolis interactions. High-level ab initio calculations of SiH2D2 have been performed which yield numerous spectroscopic parameters related to the harmonic and anharmonic force fields. The bending pentad comprising nu4(A1), nu7(B1), nu5(A2), n...

The SiH2D2asymmetric top has nine vibrational modes, five of them forming a pentad strongly perturbed by Coriolis interactions. High-levelab initiocalculations of SiH2D2have been performed which yield numerous spectroscopic parameters related to the harmonic and anharmonic force fields. The bending pentad comprising ν4(A1), ν7(B1), ν5(A2), ν9(B2),...

Whipple's disease is a multisystem bacterial disease usually characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea and polyarthritis. Ocular manifestations include uveitis, vitreitis, retinis, myositis, papilledema and optic atrophy. We report a case of a chronic bilateral vitreitis in a 63 year-old man who had been treated for a Whipple's disease with gastroin...

Whipple's disease is a multisystem bacterial disease usually characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea and polyarthritis. Ocular manifestations include uveitis, vitreitis, retinis, myositis, papilledema and optic atrophy. We report a case of a chronic bilateral vitreitis in a 63 year-old man who had been treated for a Whipple's disease,with gastroin...

We report the results of a study of the ruby laser in normal mode for treatment of hirsutism in 43 patients with skin types I-IV. A pulse width of 950 microseconds, a 4 mm spot and a fluence sufficient to produce minimal whitening of the epidermis were used (mean 48 J/cm2). In each patient, one site was treated once only, and a second site received...

We report a case of a 31 year-old man who presented a bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy associated with headaches and severe systemic hypertension. This episode appeared after administration of ergotamine tartrate and macrolides. This medication probably led to a vasospasm which occurs in patients with hypertension. The cardiovascular and serum l...

Fourier transform infrared spectra of HCCNC and DCCNC have been recorded in the 350 to 5000 cm-1 and 350 to 3500 cm-1 ranges, respectively, with a typical resolution of 4 × 10-3 cm-1. The fundamentals nu1-nu5 as well as several combination bands and overtones have been observed. Ground state and excited state parameters have been determined from ro...

FTIR spectra of the linear, short-lived difluoroethyne molecule FCCF were recorded with a resolution ≦4 × 10-3 cm-1 in the 1350 and 2150 cm-1 regions. Bands due to ν3, accompanied by the hot bands (ν3 + ν4) - ν4 and (ν3 + ν5) - ν5, were detected and assigned in the former region, while in the latter region ν2 + ν3, the hot bands with ν4 and ν5 and...

Infrared spectra of the short‐lived difluoroethyne molecule have been recorded in neon and argon matrices between 200 and 5000 cm−1. Fourier transform infrared spectra with a resolution of 0.004 cm−1 have been measured in the gas phase around 1350 cm−1 (ν3, ν2+ν4+ν5, hot bands) and 2150 cm−1 (ν2+ν3, ν1−ν5, hot bands). The high resolution study yiel...

FTIR spectra of SiH2D2 have been recorded of the regions near 1600 cm−1 and ≦1050 cm−1 with an optical resolution of 0.0035 cm−1. Lines belonging to the perturbed fundamentals and ν3/ν9/ν7/ν4 were assigned and a total of 4910 IR ground state combination differences spanning J and K values ≦24 were formed. Combined with 24 previously reported, appro...

A high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrum, resolution (FWHM) 10.5×10−3 cm−1, of the (2000, A1/F2) stretching vibrational band system of 116SnH4 has been measured and analyzed in detail up to J=20. The rotational levels of the two vibrational states A1 and F2 are treated simultaneously by including vibration–rotation coupling terms in th...

The infrared spectrum of monoisotopic species of stannane, 116SnH4, has been measured with medium resolution in the region 1900-6000 cm-1. The bands observed include the infrared-active stretching fundamental band and the first and second stretching overtone bands. The vibrational term values of the observed bands are analyzed with a local mode mod...

The hybrid-type ν1 fundamental and 2ν2 overtone bands of HOF were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy with a resolution close to 0.008 cm−1. Improved ground state parameters of HOF were determined from a merge of more than 3000 ground state combination differences formed from ν1 and previously measured ν2 transitions with the reported pure rotational...

The IR spectrum of unstable H3SnBr has been studied in the nu2/nu5 region with a diode laser employing material highly enriched in 116Sn and 79Br. In 10 portions, typical width ~0.5 cm-1, of the spectrum in the range 681-723 cm-1 more than 350 lines belonging to nu2 and nu5 were measured and assigned. After merge with 250 low-weighted, previously m...