Sven Mutke

• PhD
• Spanish National Research Council

Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) is an emblematic tree species within the Mediterranean basin, with high ecological and economic relevance due to the production of edible nuts. Breeding programmes to improve pine nut production started decades ago in Southern Europe but have been hindered by the near absence of polymorphisms in the species genome and th...

Pinus is the largest genus of conifers with more than 120 species. Some of the most extended and relevant forest trees in the northern hemisphere are pines. About 30 pine species bear seeds large enough to be collected for human consumption. Those seed kernels, also known as pine nuts, are one of the first known foods of forest-dwelling humans in E...

This poster present preliminary results of the relationship between tree height growth and mortality in Pinus pinea. Further studies should be carried, specially at the top thermicity edge of the species distribution.

Purpose of Review In this review, we synthesise current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention of laying the groundwork for a rapid advance in tree breeding for multiple objectives as a key contribution to the sustainability of planted forests in the future. Recent Finding...

Aim of study: We aimed at identifying differences in the response to water shortage between Eucalyptus globulus clones. Area of study: The greenhouse experiment was performed in SW Spain. Material and methods: Potted plants from six clones were grown in a greenhouse for 53 days under two watering regimes. Two clones were F0 genotypes and the other...

Purpose of Review. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention of laying the groundwork for a rapid advance in tree breeding for multiple objectives as a key contribution to the sustainability of planted forests in the future. Recent Finding...

This is a brief overwiev about the Pinus pinea Spanish breeding program for nut production presented at the PineaSpot Congress held in Linsbon between the 21th and the 23th of November 2023.

Las plantaciones de clones de Pinus pinea grandes productores de piña suponen un adelanto de las primeras cosechas y un aumento en la producción, así como mayor facilidad de recolección. Desde que se registraron los primeros clones élite en 2015, el Vivero Forestal de la Junta de Castilla y León ha trabajado en su propagación vegetativa mediante in...

As climate change intensifies, the fate of many of the world’s forests is becoming a major concern. Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) member states have committed to the goal of becoming the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, which will involve the planting of 3 billion additional trees by 2030. This challenge can only be met by robust and e...

Assimilating non-timber forest products (NTFPs) into forest management is needed for efficient forest-based bioeconomies. In transitioning from classical linear economic and industrial models to a progressive bioeconomy, forest resources will be central in providing a range of products. More than ever, attention is focused on increasing and improvi...

In Europe, Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are important for forest recreation, rural income, cultural heritage, and as industrial commodities. Although widely collected and consumed across the continent, national statistical and scientific data are limited. Combined with short and underexplored value-chains, the cross-sectoral nature of the leg...

Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental...

La creación de la red de parcelas de experimentación resinera ResiNet es la propuesta estratégica del proyecto SustForest-Plus para impulsar y consolidar a largo plazo la investigación en el sector resinero en el sudoeste europeo como recurso clave para la creación de empleo y el aprovechamiento sostenible de nuestros montes. Se ha constituido como...

Non-wood forest products (NWFP) are essential to the health and livelihoods of billions of people and are increasingly preferred by consumers worldwide. The plants, fungi, lichens, and animals that provide these products are essential for global biological diversity and are the raw materials for multi-billion-dollar global industries. While overexp...

Bajo el nombre de piñón o pine nut kernel se comercializan en Europa, aparte del piñón mediterráneo de Pinus pinea, también semillas de menor valor comercial, de varias especies asiáticas como Pinus koraiensis, gerardiana o sibirica. Su etiquetado no siempre permite distinguirlas, para aprovechar la alta estima del piñón genuino y sus connotaciones...

[ DOWNLOAD OPEN ACCESS at https://doi.org/10.36333/k2a05 ] Non-wood forest products (NWFP) are a multifaceted part of Europe’s cultural legacy. From cork to natural resins, from mushrooms to medicinal plants, and the many varieties of nuts and berries, NWFP are an intrinsic part of daily living. They contribute to human health and well-being and...

As part of the INCREdible project we worked on a white paper on NWFP addressed to the European Commission, national and regional authorities, companies and organizations aiming to highlight urgent needs for policy action and implementation to: (i) ensure the preservation and sustainability of NWFP, (ii) create competitive, fair and sustainable valu...

Traducción al castellano de la publicación FAO/EFI realizada en el marco del proyecto europeo INCREdible, en acceso abierto en https://doi.org/10.36333/k2a05

Bioeconomies emphasize the use of renewable natural resources to sustainably provide products. A bioeconomy can reduce the environmental impact of economic growth. Science-based management promotes sustainable harvests and production. Nontimber forest products (NTFP) are goods used for a variety of purposes. NTFP provide items such as food, medicin...

Trade-offs between life-history traits are common in plants, and those involving growth and reproduction may be evident during mast years. The nutlike seeds of the stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stand out among the most appreciated Mediterranean forest products, but its lengthy reproductive cycle (3 year seed development) makes the identification of m...

Article in the Spanish foresters journal FORESTA about the observed kernel yield loss in Mediterranean stone pine cones since 2012, putatively caused by Leptoglossus occidentalis feeding.

Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are the two main processes underlying trait variability. Under rapid environmental change, phenotypic plasticity, if adaptive, could increase the odds for organisms to persist. However, little is known on how environmental variation has shaped plasticity across species ranges over time. Here, we assess whe...

The recent international policy developments fostering a European bio-economy is gradually increasing the forest owners awareness of the potential of non-wood goods. This potential is related to the multiplicity of resources available and a huge portfolio of potential industrial products that can be derived out of them .In addressing these question...

OPEN ACCESS at http://www.sisef.it/iforest/abstract/?id=ifor3180-013 - Cones of the Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) constitute one of the most relevant non-wood forest products collected in the Mediterranean forests , providing high value edible kernels. In the last years a severe decline has been observed in the kernel-per-cone yield (...

¿Qué sabemos del pino piñonero como cultivo frutícola en el mundo? Hasta la década de 1980 la especie no alcanzaba las 50 mil ha de superficie forestal ni en el Alentejo portugués ni en la zona egea de Turquía. Desde entonces casi se ha cuadruplicado su presencia en ambos países, sobre todo desde principios del siglo XXI, gracias al aumento de las...

This review provides perspectives and insights of forest researchers from four continents representing a range of geo-regions, with examples from diverse and dynamic use of forest products that are undervalued and often misrepresented. A comprehensive discussion of the subject provides special attention to property, tenancy, public goods and access...

This work was funded by the European Union as part of the Project “The Amur Coalition for Participatory Governance”. Contract No 2015/370-518, aimed at enabling participatory forest governance and civil society development in the Russian Far East. The Project was delivered by the Amur Branch WWF (Russia) and the Forest Sciences and Technology Centr...

European forests provide 25% of the resources for the EU bioeconomy, playing an important role in Europe's transition to an innovative bio-based economy. Contributions of the forestry sector are not only wood products and bioenergy, but also NWFP. Often considered only secondary and opportunistic prodcuts, many NWFP are relevant as food, packaging,...

The Mediterranean stone pine is currently on its way to domestication. Its genuine Mediterranean pine nuts are among the most expensive nuts in the world because they are mainly wild-collected from pine forests and woodlands. Despite the wide current distribution of stone pine over the whole Mediterranean biome, old-growth forests are scarce, often...

The Mediterranean stone pine is currently on its way to domestication. Its genuine Mediterranean pine nuts are among the most expensive nuts in the world because they are mainly wild-collected from pine forests and woodlands. Despite the wide current distribution of stone pine over the whole Mediterranean biome, old-growth forests are scarce, often...

Key message This datapaper collects individual georeferenced tree height data from Pinus nigra Arn., P. pinaster Aiton, and P. pinea L. planted in common gardens in France, Germany, Morocco, and Spain. The data can be used to assess genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity with further applications in biogeography and forest management. The thre...

Aim Under rapid environmental change, phenotypic plasticity, if adaptive, could increase the odds for organisms to persist. Environmental variation over time is an important source of phenotypic plasticity. Likewise, phenotypic plasticity can vary with age in many organisms. However, little is known on phenotypic plasticity variation across species...

Non Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) are important resources for rural economies. Highly regarded food products are collected from Mediterranean forests, such as nuts, berries, mushrooms and truffles, as well as aromatic and medicinal plants. Other NWFPs, such as resin or cork, can play a role in the circular bio-economy, providing sustainable alternat...

Leptoglossus occidentalis, the Western [American] Conifer Seed Bug, is an exotic pest whose seed predation has broken down in the last ten years Mediterranean pine nut production in all producing countries where it has arrived. This bug is considered one of the two greatest threats for the pine cone processing industries that produce edible pine nu...

Les jardins communs forestiers doivent être suivis, conservés, maintenus, voire étendus avec de nouvelles essences et doivent être bien renseignés et répertoriés dans les plans d’aménagements.Les résultats qui en sont issus doivent être diffusés et portés à la connaissance de tous, comme se proposent de le faire les projets en cours soutenus par le...

NWFPs are relevant resources for rural economies. Highly esteemed food products are collected from Mediterranean forests, such as nuts, berries, mushrooms, truffles, or aromatics. Other NWFPs can play a role in circular bioeconomy, as sustainable alternatives to fossil raw materials, e.g. resin or cork. Fair profitability for all actors along the v...

Since ancient times, Mediterranean pine forests have been habitat for human activity, providing a wide range of goods such as timber, seeds, resin and derived products. Among them, tar and resin have played an historical role on the interaction between human activity and forests. In Spain, the resin played an important role in the economic and soci...

El cambio de paradigma de la economía europea hacia una bioeconomía basada en el conocimiento requiere repensar los procesos productivos y los patrones de consumo preponderantes. En este contexto está ganando relevancia el aprovechamiento de los productos forestales, al ofrecer una fuente sostenible de recursos alternativos a las materias primas fó...

Climate-growth relationships in forest trees are increasingly the focus of research aimed at understanding and assessing responses to climate change. Many studies have been confined to annual radial growth at breast height as an easy-to-measure dendrological standard variable, although its validity as a proxy for overall annual growth patterns in t...

Grafted Pinus pinea plantations for early and abundant cone production are a good chance to restore and promote rural Mediterranean areas generating both economical (pine nut production) and ecological (soil protection) benefits. Grafting P. pinea on P. halepensis rootstocks can result in even more interesting outcomes because they can be used in d...

A critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean stone pine forests, focusing on the stakeholders and end-users criticisms and points of views: an exhaustive review and analysis of the currently available literature on the topic, and an analysis whether the stakeholders involved in stone pine managements make use of t...

Specific Leaf Area (Specific Needle Area, SNA in “needle shape” leaves) is a measure of leaf thickness. It is used for scaling physiological processes measured at the leaf and shoot scale to the whole-tree foliage, being closely related with species strategy to acquire and use resources. The main objective of this study was to gather a database of...

The economic relevance of Mediterranean stone pine is based on the harvest of its cones for extracting the edible Mediterranean pine nuts kernels. Recently, a severe loss of kernel-per-cone yield has been reported from cone processing industries: up to half of the extracted seeds are empty or contain only withered remains of the kernel. Additionall...

Since 19th century, Mediterranean stone pine area has been expanding to nearly one million hectares. Half of this increase has been on private lands in the last decades, especially in Portugal and western Turkey, where its current extension is 176,000 and 195,000 ha, respectively fourfold the original areas. For establishing profitable stone pine...

The keynote speech reflects our research on edible seed kernels of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L. Mediterranean pine nuts are among the most expensive nuts in the world, because they are mainly wild-collected from pine forests and woodlands, similarly to edible seeds from other Eurasiatic or American pines. Despite the wide distribution o...

Los productos forestales no madereros (PFNM) incluyen todos aquellos productos de origen biológico, distintos de la madera, obtenidos en los bosques, tierras forestales y árboles ubicados fuera de los bosques. A nivel europeo el aprovechamiento de los PFNM genera ingresos anuales superiores a 3000 millones de €, siendo importantes generadores de ac...

Early and heavy thinnings are crucial for a stable and vigorous pole stage in Mediterranean stone pine, a light-demanding species for drought-prone environments. Recommendations tend towards 600 tree per hectare at 5-10 years (mean height about 1 m) and 200 tree per hectare at 15-25 years (about 5 m height), depending on site quality. Figura 1. Loc...

The positive effect of low pruning on cone induction in stone pine, Pinus pinea, is still under discussion. This poster present preliminary results of a pruning trial in a grafted orchard plantation.

These guidelines have been developed as collaboration of international experts from Spain with FAO, MoA and national experts. They are based on widely accepted principles for sustainable forest management and include measures and recommendations to enhance resilience of the Pinus pinea forest ecosystems in Lebanon towards climatic stress and pests....

Aim of the study: To present a new spatiotemporal model for Pinus pinea L. annual cone production with validity for Spanish Northen Plateau and Central Range regions. The new model aims to deal with detected deficiencies in previous models: temporal shortage, overestimation of cone production on recent years, incompatibility with data from National...

A decrease in pine nut yield and cone production from Pinus pinea has been observed during the last years throughout the Mediterranean basin. Damages reported are massive abortion of unripened conelets and a high percentage of empty seeds in ripened cones, which has been called Dry Cone Syndrome. Analyzing cone samples exposed or protected by mash...

The production of non-wood forest products (NWFP) can be positively affected by silvicultural practice; a revision of current silvicultural practice can influence increased yields of both direct and indirect NWFP. This document aims to provide an overview of selected management systems employed for the production of NWFP in Europe.

Background. Given the global increase in plantations of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., for producing Mediterranean pine nuts, the production of grafted treelets is of major interest for allowing massive propagation of genetic improved material. Since early 20th century, stone pine area has expanded threefold from 0.3 to 0.9 million hecta...

Establishment of clonal Pinus pinea orchards as Mediterranean pine nut crop [IN SPANISH] The production of grafted treelets that propagate genetic improved material of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., is of general interest, given the global increase in plantations for obtaining Mediterranean pine nuts as gourmet nut. The register of Spani...

The deliverable identify the improvements developed or needed to be developped in order to overcome the possible weaknesses of different MPT and NWFP models. The main body of the deliverable is structured in two chapters. The first part (chapter 2) is focused on those existing models that already present a high degree of development and that were a...

El piñón de Pinus pinea constituye uno de los principales productos forestales de la cuenca mediterránea. Recientemente se ha identificado por parte del sector una disminución en los rendimientos en piñón de la piñas en distintas regiones de la cuenca Mediterránea, asociadas al denominado síndrome de la piña seca. Entre los posibles agentes causant...

La piña del pino piñonero, Pinus pinea L., y su piñón son uno de los principales productos forestales del Mediterráneo. Pero en los últimos cuatro años, las fábricas procesadoras han informado de una severa pérdida de rendimientos en la transformación de piña. Donde antes eran habituales rendimientos de 4% de piñón blanco sobre peso verde de piña,...

The presentation gives a short overview of published data for Mediterranean pine nut production from Pinus pinea and introduces the current problem of the Dry Cone Syndrome, a massive conelet abortion and high percentages of empty or damaged pine nuts within those cones that finish ripening. The invasive cone pest Leptoglossus occidentalis is signe...

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras ejecutar resalveos de conversion de diferente peso en un tallar envejecido de encina (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) situado en Guadalajara. El dispositivo experimental se instaló e inventarió en 1994. En 1995 se aplicaron resalveos de pesos variables entre 0 % (control) y 100 % de area basim...

The main marketed product of Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forests or plantations are the pine cones and their seeds, the edible Mediterranean pine nuts. In the last decades, planted area of stone pine has widely increased throughout the Mediterranean, as well as a starting cultivation in Chile, Argentina, Australia or New Zealand, owin...

Predictions of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems and species depend on 1.- General responses on changes in mean climate variables: Composition, Structure, Growth and Biogeography [niche models, etc.] 2. -Species-specific impacts of singular extreme weather events: Episodic tree crown-diebacks and mortality due to increasing frequenc...

http://star-tree.eu/images/deliverables/WP2/Deliverable2_1.pdf

Forest ecosystems and other wooded lands are an important component of landscapes in the Mediterranean region, contributing significantly to rural development, poverty alleviation and food security. They are sources of wood, cork, energy, food and incomes, and they provide important ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, soil and wat...

The project SUST-FOREST (Multifunctionality, conservation and rural employment in the territory of southern Europe through resin tapping) was funded by the Territorial Cooperation Program for the European Southeast Space 2007- 2013 SUDOE Interreg IV B of the European Union (project SOE2/P2/E261) and marked as targets to support and recover the extr...

Mediterranean Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) is a native species of the Mediterranean region, widely used for reforestation. It is characterised by a low genetic variation both at phenotypic traits and molecular markers. In the early nineties, experimental plots were established in several countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea for studying the dis...

Mediterranean pine nuts from Pinus pinea are among the world’s most expensive nut species, considered gourmet and health food, due to their rich flavour and excellent dietetic values (35% proteins, 50% fat, mostly omega-6 and -9). But pine nuts industry is very small and locally concentrated, which implies economies of scale rather than economy of...

We introduce a four years project (2008-2012), supported by the Program of Scientific Cooperation and Interuniversity Research (PCI), funded by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), and implemented in Tunisia and Spain. The objective of the project was to establish a systematic methodology for producing grafted plant...

The pine nut, the edible kernel of the Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea, is one of the world's most expensive nuts. Although well known and planted since antiquity, pine nuts are still collected mainly from natural forests in the Mediterranean countries, and only recently has the crop taken the first steps to domestication as an attractive alt...

The seeds of Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea, have been consumed by humans since the Paleolithic era. Similarly to edible seeds from other Eurasiatic or American pines, Mediterranean pine nuts and cones assumed early cultural, symbolic, and spiritual attributes by local cultures. They were represented in Neolithic rock paintings and sacred in...

Se analiza el comportamiento de 6 procedencias europeas de pino piñonero (Lombardía, Toscana, Eslovenia, Meseta Castellana, Andalucía Occidental y Sierra Morena) en un sector de la zona central de Chile, y se relaciona su desarrollo con clases de sitio españolas. También se analiza el impacto de factores climáticos y de diferentes prácticas de mane...

Six European Stone Pine provenances from Spain, Italy and Slovenia planted in a common garden trial in central Chile are compared regarding juvenile growth in height. Results show that Spanish origins presented a better adjustment to the semiarid climate conditions at the test site, but overall the species presents a great potential in the studied...

Se presenta una revisión de los resultados obtenidos en el seguimiento de distintos dispositivos orientados al estudio de la producción de piña y piñón de Pinus pinea L. en la Meseta Norte. Se detecta un marcado patrón de variabilidad espacio temporal en la producción, identificando tanto las variables ecológicas (edáficas principalmente), de rodal...