Suzanne Hodgkinson

Massey University · Riddet Institute

The recommended amino acid requirements of the infant are based on the amino acid composition of mature human breast milk. The amino acid composition of breast milk is usually determined following either acid or alkaline (for tryptophan) hydrolysis. For accuracy, however, the known effect of hydrolysis time on amino acid composition should be accou...

This study evaluated the importance of correcting for amino acids (AAs) released into the hindgut on a measure of AA absorption kinetics and tested whether AA absorption kinetics are related to the extent of AA absorption using the growing pig as a model for humans. Thirty-six nine-week-old pigs (22.3 kg) received a diet containing whey protein as...

Background: Organic acid synthesis by the hindgut microbiota is commonly believed to be mainly of fermentable material of dietary origin. Objective: The study aimed to determine the hindgut organic acid synthesis from fermentable material of dietary (mainly fiber) or non-dietary origin, for different types and amounts of dietary fiber in growing...

Background: The fermentation of undigested material in the ileum is quantitatively important. However, the respective contributions of the microbial composition and the substrate to ileal fermentation are unclear. Objective: This aim was to investigate the contribution of microbial composition and fiber source to in vitro ileal fermentation outc...

Background: How starch-based food structure can impact the rate and extent of digestion in the small intestine and resulting glycemic response is not properly understood. One possible explanation is that food structure influences gastric digestion, which subsequently determines digestion kinetics in the small intestine and glucose absorption. Howe...

During gastric digestion, bovine milk forms a curd, which consists largely of proteins and lipids. However, it is unknown how processing-induced changes to curd structure affects the gastric emptying of milk proteins and lipids. This study aimed to determine the impact of heat treatment and homogenization on gastric curd formation, and gastric empt...

Background: When foods are subjected to heat and pressure, a proportion of lysine is structurally altered and some will revert to lysine because of acid hydrolysis during amino acid analysis. Altered lysine molecules may be partly absorbed but are not utilized post-absorption. Objectives: A guanidination-based bioassay has been developed to dete...

The FAO recommends the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) to determine protein quality in foods, preferably tested in vivo. Here, the INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol was applied and supplemented with an analytical workflow allowing the assessment of protein digestibility and DIAAS calculation. The protocol was applied to selecte...

How the stomach can serve as a biochemical environment for starch digestion and the implications on starch emptying are not well-understood. Biochemical changes during gastric digestion of cooked wheat- and rice-based diets of varying particle size and microstructure were investigated using a growing pig model. In larger-particle size diets (rice g...

Background It is not feasible to determine the true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of protein sources in humans on a routine basis and the growing pig has been recommended as an animal model for this purpose but requires further validation. Objectives To determine and compare true ileal AA digestibility between adult human ileostomates and gr...

This study investigated the structural and physicochemical changes that occur in milk, a naturally designed complex structured emulsion, during gastric digestion using the bottle-fed piglet as an animal model. The gastric digestions of cow, goat, and sheep milk were compared in male piglets euthanized at different postfeeding times to collect the s...

Advancing sustainable diets for nutrition security and sustainable development necessitates clear nutrition metrics for measuring nutritional quality of diets. Food composition, nutrient requirements, and dietary intake are among the most common nutrition metrics used in the current assessment of sustainable diets. Broadly, most studies in the area...

Correction for ‘Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model’ by Joanna Nadia et al. , Food Funct. , 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0FO02917C.

There is currently a limited understanding of the effect of food structure on physical breakdown and gastric emptying of solid starch-based foods during gastric digestion. Moisture uptake, pH, particle size, rheological, and textural properties of six solid starch-based diets from different sources (Durum wheat and high amylose white rice) and of d...

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) in conjunction with sous vide (SV) cooking has been explored for meat tenderisation. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of PEF–SV treatment on the muscle structure and in vitro protein digestibility of beef brisket. Pulsed electric field treatment (specific energy of 99 ± 5 kJ/kg) was applied to bovine D...

We studied the effect of shockwave processing and subsequent sous vide cooking on meat proteins (molecular size and thermal stability) and muscle structures (molecular, micro-and ultrastructure). Beef briskets were subjected to shockwave (11 kJ/pulse) and were sous vide-cooked at 60 • C for 12 h. Shockwave processing alone decreased the enthalpy an...

Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) has been recommended by the FAO for the evaluation of protein quality in human foods, but the application of DIAAS is currently limited because of a lack of published data on the true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of AAs in foods. The importance of DIAAS is highlighted. To calculate DIAAS, it...

The FAO of the UN convened an Expert Working Group meeting to provide recommendations related to protein quality evaluation of Follow-up Formula for Young Children (FUF-YC) and Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs). The protein and amino acid (AA) scoring patterns for the target age groups were defined and recommendations provided on the use of cu...

Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) has recently been extended to designing appetising and wholesome food products, such as tenderised meat. This process induces structural changes in foods that could affect their digestive properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of PEF on the ultrastructure and in vitro protein digestibil...

Many in vivo, in vitro and combined in vivo–in vitro methodologies have been developed to study the mechanisms involved and sites of nutrient digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, different approaches within each of these methodologies have also been developed. Some of the methodologies/approaches can be applied to multi...

Background: Cooking processes affect the physical, chemical, and structural properties of meat proteins. Cooking may also affect the protein quality of meat, as indicated by the true ileal digestibility of individual amino acids, the content of each truly digestible amino acid, and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). Objective:...

The objective of the present study was to determine the pasture intake of European wild boar and domestic pigs throughout their growth period (from 60 to 207 days of age). The proportion of time that each animal type spent grazing was also determined. Twelve 60-day-old pure-bred European wild boar (six castrated males and six females, average live-...

Morbid obesity is a worldwide health concern that compromises life quality and health status of obese human subjects. Bariatric surgery for treating morbid obesity remains as one of the best alternatives to promote excess weight loss and to reduce co-morbidities. We have not found studies reporting nutrients and energy balance considering digestibi...

The objective of this study was to develop the breeding goal for European wild boar under semi-extensive production conditions. The effect of altering production circumstances on economic values was also evaluated. The breeding goal was to improve the production efficiency of the European wild boar in the semi-extensive production system. The trait...

The majority of the European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) that are farmed for their meat are produced using semi-extensive systems with access to pasture for grazing. Given that the pasture is an economic resource compared with supplemental diets, there is interest in determining strategies to increase pasture consumption. The objectives of this study...

S.M. Hodgkinson, F. Matus, and I.F. Lopez. 2013. Behavior of grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a semi-extensive production system. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):193-199. In the semi-extensive farming systems that are used to raise European wild boar in countries such as Chile, the behavior of the animals in paddocks has not been studied and is imp...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance on pasture DM consumption by growing European wild boar. An additional objective was to evaluate the influence of pasture consumption on supplemental diet intake and BW gain. A previously sown grass-clover pasture was managed by cutting to obtain an herbage mass equivalent...

S.M. Hodgkinson, F. Matus, and I.F. Lopez. 2013. Behavior of grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a semi-extensive production system. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):193-199. In the semi-extensive farming systems that are used to raise European wild boar in countries such as Chile, the behavior of the animals in paddocks has not been studied and is imp...

The growth rate of farmed European wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) is perceived to be very slow. However, there is no available information on the genetic potential of these animals in terms of potential lean tissue growth.The aim of the study was to determine the maximum capacity for protein deposition (operational PDmax) in wild boars under controlled...

In Chile, European wild boar are most commonly produced in a semi-extensive system with access to pastures for grazing. These pastures normally have a very heterogeneous botanical composition. The objective of the study was to determine whether grazing European wild boar select between the grass species L. perenne and the broadleaf species P. lance...

The objectives were to determine the apparent energy digestibility of six pasture species frequently grazed by European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and to estimate the digestible energy (DE) consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar. Seven diets were prepared; a base diet (BD) which did not contain any pasture species, diets D1 to D5 which includ...

Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) combines a restrictive and malabsortive component of the digestive system. Metabolic outcomes of increasing the latter, is a matter of research interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional consequences of RYGBP with different alimentary limb lengths using a pig model. Twenty-six pigs were randomly...

M. Gandarillas, C. Boza, S.M. Hodgkinson, L. Barrales, and F. Bas. 2011. Nutrient absorption, feed intake and liveweight change as a consequence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with increasing alimentary limb lengths in the pig model. Cien. Inv. Agr. 38(1): 31-39. Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) combines a restrictive and malabsortive component of the...

The aim of the study was to determine the apparent consumption of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) from pasture by European wild boar in a pastoral system. Two pasture-types were used, one consisting predominantly of Lolium perenne L. and the other predominantly of Plantago lanceolata L. The study was cond...

The objective of the current study was to compare the digestible energy (DE) contents of maize, oats and alfalfa meal between European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and the domestic pig (S. scrofa domesticus, Landrace × Large White). Six pure wild boar (S. scrofa L.) and six domestic pigs (Landrace × Large White) with liveweights (mean ± S.E.M.) of 26...

The nutritional quality of dry dogfood commercialized in Chile for growing dogs was studied. Samples from at least three different batches of 26 dogfood brands were mixed. The resultant samples (n=26) were chemically analyzed to determine their concentrations of dry matter (DM), gross energy, fiber, ash, crude protein, essential amino acids, total...

The objective of the study was to determine the quantity of metabolizable energy (ME) in the dogfood amounts recommended by the manufacturers for commercial dry dogfoods formulated for adult dogs at maintenance and growing dogs, and compare these with the dogs' calculated ME requirement. Commercial dry dogfood formulations for adult dogs at mainten...

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el aporte de energía metabolizable (ME) de las dietas al ser suministradas en las cantidades recomendadas por los fabricantes de alimentos comerciales a perros adultos en mantención y en crecimiento y compararlas con los requerimientos energéticos del perro. Se evaluaron marcas comerciales de alimentos secos f...

The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary protein content influences endogenous ileal lysine flow in the growing rats. Male rats (n = 72; mean body weight 170 g) were given free access to experimental diets for 10 min each hour for 8 h each day. The rats received diets containing 50, 100, 150 or 200 g kg−1 zein for 8 days. Zein is virt...

Para una adecuada formulación del componente proteico (aminoácidico) en dietas destinadas a animales monogástricos, como cerdos y aves, es necesario conocer la calidad nutricional de las fuentes de proteína. Con este propósito, es necesario estimar la disponibilidad de los aminoácidos de dichas fuentes de proteína. Esto se debe hacer utilizando la...

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the nutritional value of dog foods sold in Chile. Fifty-nine dry foods for adult and growing dogs were collected, ground and scanned across the visible/NIR range and subsequently analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), total fat, linoleic acid, gross energ...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar, a través de análisis químico, la calidad nutricional de alimentos secos disponibles comercialmente para perros adultos en etapa de mantención. Para cada una de 33 marcas de alimentos se mezclaron muestras de tres lotes distintos, y se analizaron: materia seca (MS), energía bruta, fibra cruda, cenizas totales, pr...

The aim of the study was to evaluate, via chemical analysis, the nutritional quality of dry dogfoods commercially available in Chile for dogs in the stage of maintenance. For each of 33 brands of dogfood, samples were combined from three different batches and analyzed for dry matter (DM), gross energy, crude fiber, total ash, crude protein, essenti...

The objectives of the two studies were to determine whether the guanidination and isotope dilution methods applied both by labeling the animal (15N-infusion method) and by diet (15N-dilution method) give similar estimates of ileal endogenous lysine (EL) and endogenous nitrogen (EN) flows, respectively, to that of the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein (EHC)...

The aim of the work was to examine the effect of using an ultrafiltration device with a molecular weight (MW) cut-off of 3000Da on endogenous ileal amino acid flows determined using the enzyme hydrolysed protein method, as compared with those determined using a MW cut-off of 10,000Da. Endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid flows determined using...

The aim was to examine the diurnal pattern of endogenous nitrogen flow at the terminal ileum of the pig. Seven entire male pigs with a mean body weight of 58 kg had post‐valve T‐caecum (PVTC) cannulae surgically implanted for the collection of ileal digesta. The pigs were fed equal‐sized meals (10% of metabolic body weight, W 0.75 , per day) twice...

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the endogenous ileal excretions of nitrogen and amino acids under protein-free and peptide alimentation by the dog and rat. Two diets were prepared, one that was devoid of protein and the other containing 23% enzyme hydrolysed casein. Chromic oxide was included in the diets as an indigestible marker...

The aim of the work was to perform an in vitro study to determine the effectiveness of Centriprep‐10 concentrator devices for use with the enzyme‐hydrolysed protein method for the determination of endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid flows. Different amounts of enzyme‐hydrolysed casein (EHC) were added to tubes containing digesta collected from...

The current recommendation, when calculating a protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score, is to determine the digestibility of a dietary protein across the entire digestive tract, using the rat as a model animal for humans. This fecal digestibility value is subsequently corrected for endogenous contributions of protein using a metabolic nitr...

The aim of the study was to determine whether endogenous nitrogen and amino acid excretions at the terminal ileum change over time in the growing pig fed a protein-free diet for 8 days. Seven entire male pigs with an overall mean live weight of 81.6 kg (SEM 3.3 kg) and surgically implanted post-valve T caecum cannulas were fed a semi-synthetic case...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary peptide concentration had an effect on endogenous ileal amino acid flow in the growing pig. Eight 33 kg live weight entire male pigs had post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulas surgically implanted for the collection of ileal digesta. The pigs were fed twice daily at 100 g/kg metabolic body...

The study aimed to determine ileal amino acid and total tract energy digestibility coefficients for a range of barleys. The laboratory rat served as a model nonruminant animal and digesta samples were obtained using the slaughter method with chromic oxide being used as a dietary marker. In a preliminary study the effect of time interval after the f...

Gastric endocrine cell populations and serum and tissue gastrin have been examined in sheep which were infected either intraruminally by tube with 150,000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae followed by a trickle infection of 10,000 larvae thrice weekly for 8 weeks or by the transfer of 15,000 adult worms directly into the abomasum and killed 8 days lat...

The infection of parasite-naive sheep with approximately 15,000 adult Ostertagia circumcincta via abomasal cannulae resulted in marked changes in the structure and function of the abomasum. The functional changes, which have been characterised previously, included elevated abomasal pH and increased serum concentrations of pepsinogen and gastrin. Ei...

Endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses are associated with the digestion process. Different methods can be used to distinguish between gut endogenous and exogenous amino acid flows. These methods include feeding N-free diets, the regression approach, the use of enzyme hydrolysed proteins coupled with ultrafiltration and the use of markers (e.g.,...

Infection of sheep with adult or larval O. circumcincta increased serum pepsinogen and gastrin and abomasal pH. The upper limits of the normal range, calculated from over 1000 samples collected from parasite-naive sheep, were set at 2 standard deviations above the mean; these were for serum pepsinogen, 454 mU tyrosine l-1; serum gastrin, 64 pM and...

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Massey University, 1994. Includes bibliographical references.