Suzanne Débarbat

• Paris Observatory

Résumé L'importante révision du Système international d'unités (SI), qui est intervenue lors de la 26e Conférence générale des poids et mesures (CGPM), en novembre 2018, constitue l'aboutissement de près de 250 années de développement des idées quant à la meilleure façon de définir un système d'unités de mesures qui soit le plus étroitement lié à l...

Les circulations humaines façonnent le paysage montagnard, traçant les routes qui permettent de franchir les obstacles, de créer un lien avec la plaine, de développer les activités économiques. Portant sur une diversité de territoires, cet ouvrage nous invite à mieux comprendre comment l’homme a ouvert des passages pour dépasser les frontières natu...

The research about women in astronomy began in 1988 following a request received from Wilfried Schröder, now deceased but, at that time, in charge of the Interdivision Commisssion on History , which was included in the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) attached to the IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ....

On 18 February 1679 Paris Observatory astronomer Jean Dominique Cassini presented a new map of the Moon to the Academy of Sciences in Paris, and this then became the standard reference work for French astronomers who carried out selenographical observations. Among these was a contingent of Jesuit missionary-astronomers who sailed from Brest on 3 Ma...

On 18 February 1679 Paris Observatory astronomer Jean Dominique Cassini presented a new map of the Moon to the Academy of Sciences in Paris, and this then became the standard reference work for French astronomers who carried out selenographical observations. Among these was a contingent of Jesuit missionary-astronomers who sailed from Brest on 3 Ma...

Capabilities of the Danjon astrolabe and its transformations (with full pupil, photoelectric device, for Sun) are examined regarding both fields of instrumental modifications and improvement of the reduction techniques. For bright objects (stars and radiostars, planets, galilean satellites, Sun) these instruments will insure a valuable contribution...

Les données utilisées dans ce travail sont les observations de latitude couvrant une durée de vingt années (1956 a 1976). Le programme d'observation est resté inchangé et les réductions ont toutes été effectuées dans le Système du FK4 et des Constantes adoptée par l'UAI en 1968.

The Belle Epoque considered at the Paris Observatory lies from about two decades before 1900 up to the beginning of World War I. Four directors were at its head during those years: Admiral Ernest Barthélémy Mouchez (1821-1892) from 1878 up to 1892, François-Félix Tisserand (1845-1896) during only four years between 1892 and 1896, Maurice Loewy (183...

After the creation by King Louis XIV (the ‘Sun King’) of the Royal Academy of Sciences (1666) and of the Paris Observatory (1667), astronomers had quadrants equipped with micrometers which they could use to obtain positions and diameters of celestial objects. They also could observe the physical aspects of these objects with long-focus refractors....

Transits of Venus have played an important role during more than two centuries in determining the Earth-Sun distance. In 2012, three centuries after Cassini's death, the issue has been finally settled by the latest Resolution formulated by the International Astronomical Union.

In the triennium 2006-2009, the WG Archives promoted an action of recognition of the archival documents concerning the foundation of IAU. The pretext was given by the fact that the year 2009 was the 90th anniversary of the establishment of IAU and the WG considered worth to start checking the conditions of preservation and conservation of such docu...

In order to talk about the relation between Schiaparelli and the French astronomers, those who, as members of the Académie des sciences, have sustained his name for some Prix de l'Académie des Sciences and for his acceptance at the Académie have been chosen. All of them were astronomers of the Paris Observatory or related to it. The chronological o...

During the Rio General Assembly we held the following meetings of the Working Group: a Business Meeting, a Science Meeting on ``The Development of Aperture Synthesis Imaging in Radio Astronomy'', and a Science Meeting on ``Recent Research''.

The Working Group was formed at the IAU XXV General Assembly in Sydney, 2003, as a joint initiative of Commissions 40 Radio Astronomy and Commission 41 History of Astronomy, in order to assemble a master list of surviving historically-significant radio telescopes and associated instrumentation found worldwide, and document the technical specificati...

The Working Group Archives deals with all aspects of the identification and preservation of astronomical archives. In 2009 the IAU will celebrate its 90th anniversary, and on this occasion the WG is taking action toward preserving the archival materials related with the history of IAU. An institution must keep memory of its own past and, as the cen...

With contributions by Frank Pieter Hesse, Michael Petzet, Anna Sidorenko-Dulom, Rajesh Kochhar, Viktor K. Abalakin, Suzanne Débarbat, Pedro Chalbaud, Peter Müller, Pedro Raposo, Christophe Benoist, Gaye Danisan, Füsun Limboz, Marcus Granato, James Caplan, Anneliese Schnell, Lajos G. Balázs, Magda Vargha, Endre Zsoldos, Magda Stavinschi, Catalin Mos...

When Notara came to the western part of Europe, he was not a young student being born, as assumed, around 1650, but he spent some time in Padova before coming to Paris. The Observatoire Royal of the Sun King was achieved completely for more than a dozen of years and two astronomers had already developed two main fields of research at the Observator...

Jean-Paul Grandjean, to become Fouchy in 1743 after being asked to be « secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des sciences » was among the students of Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, before the last one left France to go to Russia. Fouchy installed an observatory in his house equipped with instruments from the instrument maker Claude Langlois to perform obser...

Soon after the discovery of radio waves by Hertz in 1888 the idea that the Sun must emit this radiation was suggested. A number of scientists from different nations then attempted to detect this emission, and one of these was the French astronomer, Charles Nordmann. This paper provides biographical information on Nordmann before discussing his atte...