Sushma Belurkar

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Department of Pathology ,Kasturba Medical College

As per world health organization, Anemia is a most prevalent blood disorder all over the world. Reduced number of Red Blood Cells or decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells is considered as Anemia. This condition also leads to the decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. The main goal of this research is to develop a dependa...

Anaemia is a disorder marked by low blood levels of haemoglobin (HGB), affecting people of all ages and ethnicities and is a major global public health concern. Anaemia must be diagnosed as soon as possible to enable prompt treatment and intervention, which can reduce complications and enhance patient outcomes. With the ability to improve diagnosti...

BACKGROUND Immune assays, like QuantiFeron-TB Gold (QFT), are available for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Intracellular cytokine flow cytometry (ICCFC) can be used to assess T-cell immune responses specific to tuberculosis (TB). We studied the role of ICCFC in differentiating active pulmonary TB ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

A digital microscope plays a crucial role in the better and faster diagnosis of an abnormality using various techniques. There has been significant development in this domain of digital pathology. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. The traditional method for diagnosing sickle cell disease inv...

Diagnosing a disease requires observing the affected tissues and drawing conclusions based on specific known features. Conventionally, a pathologist would diagnose the sample manually by placing it on a glass slide and viewing it under the microscope. These microscopes existed 400 years ago, but over the years, there have been modifications aimed a...

Sickle cell disease (SCD), a blood disorder that transforms the shape of red blood cells into a distinctive sickle form, is a major concern as it not only compromises the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity but also poses significant health risks, ranging from weakness to paralysis and, in severe cases, even fatality. This condition not only underscor...

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a commonly known blood illness worldwide. Red blood cell (RBC) count or oxygen carrying capability being insufficient are two ways to describe anaemia. This disorder has an impact on the quality of life. If anaemia is detected in the initial stage, appropriate care can be taken to prevent further harm. OBJECTIVE: This study p...

Dengue fever infection is a global health concern. Early disease detection is crucial for averting complications and fatality. Characteristic morphological changes in lymphocytes can be observed on a peripheral blood smear (PBS) in cases of dengue infection. In this research, we have developed automated computer vision models for dengue detection o...

Dengue fever is a rapidly increasing mosquito-borne ailment spread by the virus DENV in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. It is a significant public health problem and accounts for many deaths globally. Implementing more effective methods that can more accurately detect dengue cases is challenging. The theme of this digital pathology-associated...

Presents corrections to the paper, An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Integrated System for Automatic Detection of Dengue From Images of Blood Smears Using Transfer Learning.

Dengue virus (DENV), known to cause dengue fever is a global public health concern. A safe and effective anti-viral drug or vaccine that can protect humans from dengue fever currently does not exist. Today, severe dengue has become a leading cause of serious illness in most Asian and Latin American countries. This digital pathology-related research...

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by abnormal megakaryoblasts expressing platelet-specific surface antigens. 4%-16% of childhood AMLs are AMKL. Childhood AMKL is usually associated with Down syndrome (DS). It is 500 times more common in patients with DS when compared to the genera...

Dengue fever, also known as break-bone fever, can be life-threatening. Caused by DENV, an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, dengue is currently a globally important public health problem. The clinical methods available for dengue diagnosis require skilled supervision. They are manual, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and not affordable to com...

Human parvovirus B19 is a known etiological agent for aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolysis and immunodeficiencies. The aplastic state caused in healthy children and adults is usually transient as compared to the more severe form seen in at risk population. Here we present a case of adult immuno- competent male with megaloblastic anemi...

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is highly endemic in countries located in tropical regions. It can cause severe complications and can even lead to death in the case of delayed diagnosis. Detection of dengue is done by manually examining the platelets and lymphocytes in Leishman's stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) images. PBS examination is...

Introduction Renal infiltration by leukemia causing massive bilateral nephromegaly is an extremely rare presentation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL). Case report 18-month-old female toddler presented with fever and progressive abdominal distension of 4-6 weeks duration. Imaging revealed bilateral massively enlarged kidneys with norma...

Detection and reporting of crystals in urine is an integral part of a clinical laboratory. Presence of crystals is not always pathological and affected by a variety of pre analytical factors. Pathologically significant crystals are rare and seen in acidic urine. Here we report three such cases where urine crystals posed a reporting dilemma. Case 1...

Introduction: Quality in laboratory medicine have a significant role in ensuring the adequate and complete total testing process. Clinical laboratory and testing process is an integral part of modern medicine as it has a direct effect on the patient. As per the requirement of certification or accreditation bodies, different laboratories use differe...

Background: Even though anemia and iron deficiency can increase the morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), an iron overload can be dangerous as well. Aim: Identify the number of CKD patients with iron deficiency, iron overload, acute phase reaction and anemia of chronic disease in a tertiary care hospital. Material a...

Delta-beta Thalassemia is a rare variant of thalassemia with elevated Hb F. Heterozygous and homozygous state of delta-beta thalassemia present with features similar to Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Haemoglobin (HPFH) and beta thalassemia intermedia. Here, we describe a case of 8-month-old female child with anaemia and splenomegaly. Haemoglobin e...

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia constitutes around 3-5% of all childhood malignancies. It is characterized by t(9;22) with BCR-ABL1 fusion and p210 transcript. A 9-year-old male child presented with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, marked leucocytosis, basophilia, myelocyte metamyelocyte peak,and 4% blasts in the differential count. Leukocyte alkalin...

In this era of targeted therapy, traditional reporting of acute leukemia by morphology using French-American-British (FAB) system of classification has limited uses due to lack of standardization and use in risk stratification. Flow cytometry (FCM), cytogenetics, and molecular testing drive the therapeutic decision. However, the lack of high-end te...

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by its unique morphology. Modern-day diagnostic methods like flow cytometry have limitations in accurate diagnosis of the disease making morphology the mainstay for its diagnosis and adequate management. Here, we present a case of IVLBCL w...

The diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV) requires the integration of clinical and laboratory findings, bone marrow morphologic features, and JAK2 analysis. JAK2V617F (exon 14) mutation is found in 95% of PV cases. In PV, addition of characteristic bone marrow morphology as one of three major diagnostic criteria allowed reduced hemoglobin/hematocrit...

AIMS: To analyze various changes in the red blood cell (RBC) parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to correlate it with the stage of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following parameters were analyzed in 300 diagnosed cases of CKD: RBC count; hemoglobin (Hb); hematocrit; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular...

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumour in children. Bone marrow examination is a part of diagnosis and staging workup of neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy forms mainstay of treatment and post-chemotherapy histological changes are an important indicator of prognosis. A 4-year-old male child came with complaints of fever and hepatomega...

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive neoplasm with a high rate of fatality. PEL cells are known to have morphological diversities, which range from immunoblastic or plasmablastic to anaplastic. Most of these cases are described in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent patients. Plasmablastic lymphoma remains a diagnostic challeng...

Serous atrophy of bone marrow also known as gelatinous transformation or serous fat atrophy is a rare finding. It is characterised by focal loss of hematopoietic elements, fat cell atrophy, and extracellular deposition of gelatinous substance with adjacent marrow hypoplasia. Pathogenesis of such atrophy is poorly understood and is considered to be...

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a type of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and has a wide spectrum of histopathological subtypes of which the blastoid or the blastic variant constitutes 10-15% of all cases. It is difficult to diagnose blastoid variant of MCL on the basis of morphology alone as it mimics lymphoblastic lymphoma and centroblastic large cell lymph...

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an auto-immune condition that results in isolated thrombocytopenia associated with possibly lethal haemorrhage. In its secondary form, ITP can be triggered by many infectious and non-infectious conditions. Secondary ITP associated with tuberculosis (TB) has rarely been described in the literature. We report on a 22-...

Association of immune thrombocytpenic purpura with solid malignancy as paraneoplastic manifestation has been reported earlier mainly with lymphoma and breast cancer. We report the case of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx presenting with idiopathic thombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A 67-year-old lady presented with multiple ecchymot...

Diagnosis of malaria has always been a diagnostic challenge in endemic areas. For many centuries microscopy based diagnosis has been a standard method for routine diagnosis of malaria. And still this is a routine diagnostic method used in low endemic areas which allows species identification. In endemic countries like India microscopy based diagnos...

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare clonal disorder of mast cells that can range from chronic smouldering type to aggressive mast cell leukaemia. It presents with non–specific symptoms like urticaria pigmentosa, unexplained flushing, hypotension and abdominal cramps, which may lead to a misdiagnosis, if there is no high index of clinical suspicion...

Introduction: Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) is a rare panniculitis which may occur alone or as a part of systemic manifestation of Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). It is described as a chronic histiocytic disorder of the subcutaneous adipose tissue with lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration showing hemophagocytosis. It may also be note...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common marrow stem cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in more than 90% of patients. Studies have shown that CML can be associated with various other cytogenetic abnormalities. 5-10% of these cases can show complex translocations involving other chromosomes in addition...

Introduction: The classification of acute leukemias has revolutionized over the years. Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia has gained popularity because of its influence on treatment and prognosis of the disease. The various antigens expressed by the leukemic cells can be assessed by flowcytometry (FCA) and can be used in rendering specific treatm...

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare form of systemic vasculitis affecting themedium to small sized vessels. The diagnosis of this disease is based mainly on clinical grounds; comprising of asthma, peripheral blood and tissue eosinophilia, rhinosinusitis and signs of vasculitis in major organs. A 48 year old female patient on treatment for bronch...

VesMATIC cube80™ is a newly developed automated met hod for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). AIMS: The aim of our study was to compare the ESR values by VesMATIC cube80™ against the modified Wes tergren method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at clinic al laboratory in Kasturba Hospital, Manipal o...

Type 2B Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a rare type of vWD accounting for less than 20 % of the cases of vWD. The characteristic f eature of this condition is increased affinity of vWF for the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex on platel ets resulting in clearing of the high molecular weight vWF multimers and platelets from th e circulation. So the patie...

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a unique di sorder of newborns associated intimately with Down’s syndrome, present ing with clinical and morphological features indistinguishable from acute myeloid leuka emia (AML). We report a case in a neonate, presenting with severe perinatal asphyxia and cyanosis ; complicated by metabolic acidosis. The...

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by weakness and inflammation of skeletal muscle, are often associated with malignancies. This association has been infrequently reported in Asian countries. We report a case of an Indian patient who presented with polymyositis in conjunction with non-secretory myel...

Pure erythroleukemia is a rare hematopoietic neoplasm, seldom reported in literature. Varied reports suggest a prevalence of 3-5% of all AML. We report one such case, presenting with non classical symptoms in a 65 year old lady. Peripheral smear examination and complete hemogram revealed a pancytopenic profile with circulating basophilic erythrobla...