Suresh P Vyas

• Dr. Hari Singh Gour University

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article: Swati Gupta, Yashwant Pathak, Manish K. Gupta & Suresh P. Vyas (2019) Nanoscale drug delivery strategies for therapy of ovarian cancer: conventional vs targeted, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47:...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the lung targeting potential of surface engineered mesospheres loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Gelatin-based DOX encapsulated mesospheres were prepared using a steric stabilization process and surface modified with mannose, using the amino group present on the surface of the mesospheres. Gela...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammatory disease of joints. Methotrexate (MTX) is the choice of drug in the treatment of RA due to its prominent immunosuppressant effect and anti-inflammatory effect via an increase in cyclic adenosine monophospate (cAMP) and adenosine-based activity. Our study invest...

The worldwide misuse of antimicrobials and subsequent rise of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) opportunistic intracellular pathogens have led to a paradigm shift in the established perspective of antimicrobials and bacterial-human relations. Antibiotic resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis have threatened the progress in management and cont...

The development of robotics, prosthetics, and intelligent apparel requires high-performance actuating materials. Block copolymer could be organized into several ordered phases at nanoscopic dimensions. Several confining settings limit the potential morphologies that block copolymers can develop when they are positioned with rigid templates of vario...

The packaging of antimicrobials/chemotherapeutics into nanoliposomes can enhance their activity while minimizing toxicity. However, their use is still limited owing to inefficient/inadequate loading strategies. Several bioactive(s) which are non ionizable, and poorly aqueous soluble cannot be easily encapsulated into aqueous core of liposomes by us...

Cell annexation is an intrinsic cellular pathway by which cells interact with extracellular stimuli to draft and constrain the structure of their extracellular matrix to evolve, rebuild, and protect body tissues. In cancer, uncontrolled growth has been seen in such a manner that cancer cells tend to generate their microenvironment (low pH, hypoxic,...

TB is a severe infectious disease that is yet to be eradicated and controlled. The ongoing therapy of TB (DOTS strategy) is associated with certain limitations including a complicated therapeutic regimen, prolonged therapy with a multidrug combination, patient noncompliance, off-target distribution of the bioactive(s), subtherapeutic levels at the...

Objective: The present study aimed to develop and characterize Chitosan coated Alginate Nanocapsules loaded with M-Insulin Concanavalin A Complex for glucose-responsive delivery. Methods: Preformulation studies were performed on the Insulin human recombinant and the Nanocapsules were prepared by the ionic gelation method and coated with chitosan us...

Magnetically responsive materials have garnered considerable attention for designing drug-delivery systems, owing to their potential for breakthrough applications. The composites obtained by merging magnetic and polymeric materials are reported to display unique magnetically responsive behavior. They have the ability to realize rapid and programmab...

Bioinspired polymer membranes are artificial membranes designed to combine with biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, mimics, nucleic acids), which can not only improve the mechanical stability of the entire system but also provide an environment for maintaining the functions of biomolecules. The emergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology has promote...

Nanotechnology allows to develop new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In particular, formulations are developed specifically for the diagnosis purpose. This chapter reviews the development of polymeric theranostic formulations such as polymeric gold nanoparticles, polymeric superparamagnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots-loaded p...

Dendrimers are radially symmetric, hyperbranched, well-organized, monodispersed, homogenous organic moieties with a three-dimensional structure. They possess terminal functional groups on the surface that improve their functionality and make them a versatile and biocompatible drug delivery module. Due to relatively low bioavailability, poor cell me...

The emergence and frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the causative pathogen for the deadly infectious disease, i.e., tuberculosis) present a severe health threat to human beings. It raises the demand for short-term and less toxic drug regimens for improvement of the existing chemotherapies. It is diffi...

In the present scenario, in the development of the novel drug delivery system, the role of the natural polymer will be more preferential as compared to the other derivative. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of the natural polymer is the aim of current research. Along with that natural polymer can be worked as a site-directed ligand that c...

In the present scenario, the role of the peptide as a targeting moiety is enhanced in different types of cancer treatment which have biological actions based on their properties of penetration of the cell (cell-penetrating peptide), by conjugating the peptide with the drug studied (peptide–drug conjugates), or by using a target-specific peptide (ce...

In this review, we discuss recent developments in multicompartment systems commonly referred to as vesosomes, as well as their method of preparation, surface modifications, and clinical potential. Vesosomal systems are able to entrap more than one drug moiety and can be customized for site-specific delivery. We focus in particular on the possible r...

Nanotechnology has drawn the attention of many researchers for the delivery of therapeutics used in various medical applications. Liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles represent promising nanocarriers that efficiently encapsulate drugs, which prevents their degradation along with the control and sustained drug release. Despite the many advantages o...

Aim The present study was conducted to formulate and investigate liposomes for the dual drug delivery based on anti-tubercular drug(s) combination i.e. Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF). Materials and methods Mannosylated and non mannosylated liposomes were prepared by lipid thin film hydration method, using DSPC: Chol at a molar ratio 6:4 whil...

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02971-0

As per the World Health Organization report (2018), cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Approximately, the second highest mortality is caused due to cancer. The uncontrolled growth and metastasis of abnormal cells are known as cancer. Currently, for the interdict of the rapid production of cancer cells, surgery, chemo-, or radioth...

Colon cancer is highly prevalent globally. Even though there is significant progress in treatment, high morbidity and mortality still occur. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world and also the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy. The global incidence of colon cancer is predicted to rise by 60% to more than 2.2 mil...

Oral drug delivery (ODD) is considered as one of the most convenient and optimal routes of drug delivery administration for achieving therapeutic benefits. This preference stems from several factors including patient compliance, noninvasiveness, ease-of-use, and reliability of oral dosage forms. Despite significant advancement in other administrati...

Lipid drug conjugates (LDCs) which may also be addressed as lipoidal prodrug, are drug molecules that have been covalently linked with lipids like fatty acids, glycerides or phospholipids. Lipid drug conjugates are fabricated with the aim of increasing drug payload and thus prevent leakage of a highly polar drug from a lipophilic matrix. Conjugatin...

s Animal models for tuberculosis research provide valuable and specific information about the nature of the disease (pathology and the immune response). Refinement of animal models may pave the way to new information of great importance. The choice of model is mainly dependent on cost, availability, space, as well as biosafety requirements. There a...

It is well known that cancer cells are heterogeneous in nature and very distinct from their normal counterparts. Commonly these cancer cells possess different and complementary metabolic profile, microenvironment and adopting behaviors to generate more ATPs to fulfill the requirement of high energy that is further utilized in the production of prot...

The goal of present study to assess the antigen specific immunopotentiation effect of mannose functionalized endosomolytic and conventional nanocomposite(s) based combination approach using C57BL/6 mice melanoma model. Endosomolytic and conventional nanocomposite(s) were prepared by double emulsification method. The optimized formulation was extens...

The object of present study was to design, develop and characterize mannose functionalized lipid-polymer based nanocomposite(s) for the site-specific delivery of immunogenic molecules. The DSPE-PEG 2000 -mannose was synthesized by the method reported elsewhere in the literature and then characterized by using FTIR and ¹ NMR spectral analysis. The f...

The effectiveness of any drug is dependent on to various factors like drug solubility, bioavailability, selection of appropriate delivery system, and proper route of administration. The oral route for the delivery of drugs is undoubtedly the most convenient, safest and has been widely used from past few decades for the effective delivery of drugs....

Methotrexate (formerly amethopterin) is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases including breast cancer. Nevertheless, rapid metabolism and shorter half-life of methotrexate (Mtx) need higher and repeated dosing schedule, resulting consequently in higher toxicity. Hence, there is dire need to design a novel carrier sy...

A folic acid-conjugated paclitaxel (PTX)-doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier(s) (FA-PTX-DOX NLCs) were prepared by using emulsion-evaporation method and extensively characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency which were found to be 196 ± 2.5 nm, 0.214 ± 0.04, +23.4 ± 0.3 mV an...

Hydrogels are promising and innovative drug delivery system that plays a vital role by addressing the problems associated with old and modern therapeutics such as nonspecific effects and poor stability. Hydrogels are extensively being explored as drug delivery systems due to ease of their modifications and ability to efficiently encapsulate therape...

The aim of present approach was to design and develop mannose functionalized reverse polymeric nanocomposite(s) system based on release promoter (MRPRPNs). Thus, the composition of the present formulation was optimized by employing the systematic design of experiments (DoE) for screening and optimization using L8-Array Taguchi and 3-level-3-factor...

Most of the live vaccines in the market are based on live attenuated viruses which possess the risk of acquiring pathogenicity. Although challenging, it becomes essential to search for a better non-viral vector for inducing potent immune responses. A number of nanoparticulate carriers are well established for conventional drug delivery, but they st...

Nanotechnology has drawn the attention of many researchers for the delivery of therapeutics used in various medical applications. Liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles represent promising nanocarriers that efficiently encapsulate drugs, which prevents their degradation along with the control and sustained drug release. Despite the many advantages o...

Psoriasis, one of the dreadful skin autoimmune disorder is characterized with relapsing episodes of inflammation and hyperkeratosis. Presently, various treatment approaches with different antipsoriatic drugs having different modes of action and routes of administration, are established. Among the currently available treatments including topical the...

Vaccination has been accomplished as one of the most effective method of regulating microbial infections. Progress in nano-biotechnology has created opportunities for the development of a nanocarrier-based new generation of vaccines against various diseases such as cancer, malaria, hepatitis B, anthrax, AIDS, etc. Nanoparticulate-carrier-based vacc...

Aim: The purpose of present approach is to target C-Type lectin (CTL) receptors for preferential uptake by the macrophages/dendritic cells and improving the cross-presentation of ovalbumin. Materials & methods: Conventional and engineered nanoliposomes (MPNLs) were fabricated and extensively characterized. The nanoliposome(s) was spherical in sh...

Size-dependent immunity prompted interest in development of not only nanosized-based but also microparticle (MP)-based vaccine delivery systems. By using micrometric-sized substances such as virus-like proteins, liposomes, and MPs, a number of antigens and adjuvants can be simultaneously administered, which enhances the activation of the immune sys...

Progress in biotechnology has created many opportunities for the development of protein- and peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases which are exclusively administered by the parenteral route. The limitations of current drug-delivery systems include suboptimal bioavailability, limited effective targeting, and p...

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles have gained much attention in recent decades in the field of drug delivery, particularly in the development of new-generation cancer therapies. Nanoparticle-based cancer therapies are a promising strategy owing to their nanosize, surface-modifiable properties, and ability to overcome the biome...

The oral deliverance of therapeutics established the route of drug administration and is extensively explored in this chapter. Unfortunately, it is weighed down with a few key problems including devastation of therapeutics in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and low absorption of macromolecules. A number of approaches have b...

Recent years have witnessed a shift in paradigm in regard to the use of nanobiomaterials over conventional systems. Noteworthy advances have been made in the development of nanomaterials of precise geometry and physicochemical and surface properties. Formulations with biodegradable polymers and their subsequent surface tailoring further resulted in...

In the recent years, theranostic nanomedicine based strategies have gained much attention in the field of oncology particularly, in the development of new generation cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Today, various approaches have been developed for bioactive(s) targeting to predefined pathological sites, as well as for quantification of phy...

Context: Surface-modified pH-sensitive liposomal system may be useful for intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutics. Objective: Achieving site-specific targeting with over-expressed hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors along with using pH sensitive liposome carrier for intracellular drug delivery was the aim of this study. Materials and methods: S...

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a novel strategy of vaccine delivery that utilizes a topical application of an adjuvant and vaccine antigen to intact skin to induce an immune response. It has received wide interest due to its easy-to-use, needle-free, and noninvasive delivery. To overcome the limitations involved with vaccine delivery, novel d...

CD13 receptors are abundantly overexpressed in tumor cells as well as in neovasculature. The polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as the nanomodules for anticancer drug carriers are well known. Nowadays, targeted delivery options are becoming a fascinating approach, so CD13 receptors was selected as a targeted site and NPs as a delivery system. By combini...

To enhance the therapeutic benefit and to minimize associated toxicity, there is a continuous need for smart and innovative materials that can transport and release the drug near the vicinity of the diseased tissue.

In recent years, polymers have gained much attention in the pharmaceutical field. The need for biocompatible and biodegradable materials with desired properties has resulted in the development of biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers degrade within the body following natural biological processes, therefore the need for removal of drug carr...

Infectious agents generally use mucosal surfaces as entry port to the body thereby necessitating the need of development of mucosal vaccine as vaccination is important for disease avoidance and suppression. Vaccination through mucosal route is a promising strategy to elicit efficient immune response as parentally administered vaccines induce poor m...

Mitochondria are of an increasing interest in pharmaceutical and medical research since it has emerged as an intriguing target for treatment of many diseases with a great diversity of clinical appearance. The efficiency of drug action relies largely on how well it is able to reach its target or even its target inside the cell such as mitochondria....

Animal models for tuberculosis research provide valuable and specific information about the nature of the disease (pathology and immune response). Refinement of animal models may pave the way to new information of great importance. The choice of model is mainly dependent on cost, availability, and space, as well as biosafety requirements.

Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously exploring the vaccination strategies to engender protective mucosal immune responses. Unearthing of mucosal adjuvants, that are safe and effective, is enhancing the magnitude a...

The oral delivery of therapeutics is of paramount importance to medical application and advancement. There has been remarkable advancement in the field of polymeric formulations for oral delivery of therapeutics. Novel polymeric formulation like polymeric nanoparticles, micelles and dendrimers are exploited and researched to further improve the bio...

Therapeutic vaccines that treat cancers with the help of the patient's own immune system signify a feasible option for active immunotherapy against the disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in modulating the immune response and thus can be wisely utilized as an immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer regimens. Advances in the knowledge o...

The aim of the current investigation is to evaluate the potential of capsaicin (CAP)-containing liposomes, niosomes and emulsomes in providing localized and controlled delivery, to improve the topical delivery of drug. CAP-bearing systems were prepared by the film hydration method and compared through various in vitro and in vivo parameters. The TE...

The therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) is primarily dependent upon its safe and efficient delivery to specific cells overcoming degradation and maximizing cellular uptake in vivo. The present study focuses on designing mannosylated low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan nanoconstructs for safe ODNs delivery by macrophage targe...

Abstract Streptokinase is one of the most commonly used thrombolytic agents for the treatment of thromboembolism. Short half-life of the streptokinase requires administration of higher dose which results in various side effects including systemic haemorrhage due to activation of systemic plasmin. To increase the selectivity of the streptokinase and...

The oral route for drug delivery is regarded as the optimal route for achieving therapeutic benefits owing to increased patient compliance. Despite phenomenal advances in injectable, transdermal, nasal and other routes of administration, the reality is that oral drug delivery remains well ahead of the pack as the preferred delivery route. Nanocarri...

Abstract The pH-sensitive liposomes have been extensively used as an alternative to conventional liposomes in effective intracellular delivery of therapeutics/antigen/DNA/diagnostics to various compartments of the target cell. Such liposomes are destabilized under acidic conditions of the endocytotic pathway as they usually contain pH-sensitive lip...

Some specific types of tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells represented CD13 proteins and act as receptors for Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motifs containing peptide. These CD13 receptors can be specifically recognized and bind through the specific sequence of cyclic NGR (cNGR) peptide and presented more affinity and specificity toward them. The cNGR pepti...

The study aims to explore the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in improving the topical delivery of capsaicin (CAP) by in vitro and in vivo studies. The lipidic nanoparticles were prepared by solvent diffusion method and were characterized for average particle size, zeta potential and entrapment...

The present study was aimed at exploring the targeting potential of LTA-anchored chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NP) specifically to M cell following oral immunization. The lectinized CH-NP exhibited 7-29% coupling capacity depending upon the amount of glutaraldehyde added. Induction of the mucosal immunity was assessed by estimating secretory IgA level...

Smart materials, which can change properties when an external stimulus is applied, can be used for the targeted drug delivery of an active molecule to a specific site in the correct dosage. Different materials such as liposomes, polymeric systems, nanomaterials and hydrogels can respond to different stimuli such as pH, temperature and light and the...

Psoriasis is a complex, multifactorial disease that appears to be influenced by immune-mediated components. For many years the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been discordant; the clinical picture suggested that the psoriasis was secondary to abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, but later the role of the T cell was revealed. A var...

The aim of present study was to evaluate the potential of mucoadhesive alginate-coated chitosan microparticles (A-CHMp) for oral vaccine against anthrax. The zeta potential of A-CHMp was - 29.7 mV, and alginate coating could prevent the burst release of antigen in simulated gastric fluid. The results indicated that A-CHMp was mucoadhesive in nature...

Abstract Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely used as potential therapeutic for treatment of various genetic disorders. However, rapid degradation, poor cellular uptake and limited stability in blood limit the effectiveness of the systemic delivery of siRNA. Therefore, an efficient delivery system is required to enhance its transfection an...

In the present work amphotericin B (AmB) was formulated in tristearin-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) stabilized by soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), for macrophage targeting against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). SLNs were modified by coating them with macrophage-specific ligand, O-palmitoyl mannan (OPM). The surface modified and unmodified SLNs...

Gene therapy offers greater opportunities for treating numerous incurable diseases from genetic disorders, infections, and cancer. However, development of appropriate delivery systems could be one of the most important factors to overcome numerous biological barriers for delivery of various therapeutic molecules. A number of nonviral polymer-mediat...

Strong systemic and long lasting immune response becomes prerequisite when vaccination against hepatitis B is desired. Currently used vaccine for hepatitis B contains one of the viral envelope proteins hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). This strongly evokes humoral immune response and hence protects against the infection. However, cellular immun...

Nanotechnology is considered to be significant innovative revolution that have found wide spectrum of applications in the fields ranging from medicine, diagnostics, electronics, and communications. Currently used pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as dendrimers, micelles, nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, and many of the nanocarr...

Recent researches have focused on the development of a number of macromolecular drugs such as DNA, protein and drugs that are intended to exert their action in cytosol or other intracellular organelle. The major hurdle encountered in their in vivo utilization is endosomal escape of drugs. The advent in research on nanotechnology has offered a numbe...

Heterogeneous functions of macrophages in human immune systems have renewed the interests in targeting of drugs to these cells. Macrophages play a central role in inflammation and they act as reservoirs for microorganisms that are involved with deadly infectious diseases. The natural ability of macrophages to take up cell surface ligands is promisi...

Breast cancer is a multifarious and heterogeneous disease. Identification of molecular alterations of surface/intracellular proteins particularly involved in proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells provides opportunities for the development of new targets for therapy. Several ligands that are routinely employed in targeted delivery to breas...

Despite extremely demanding research has been undertaken for cancer treatment but presently it also remains a major cause of mortality. The various conventional options for the treatment of solid tumor are associated with numerous hurdles and serious side effects. Hence, nanomedicines mediated fascinating approach may be effectively utilized for ef...

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease, caused mainly by M. tuberculosis in humans, usually affecting the lungs; it also attacks other parts of the body. The design of novel antibiotics attempts to overcome drug resistance, to shorten the treatment course, and to reduce drug interactions with antiretroviral therapies. Overco...