Sunil Sirohi

• Ph.D
• National Dairy Research Institute

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of crude seed powder (CSP) and gross saponins extract (GSE) of seeds of Albizia lebbeck on antimicrobial activity by taking two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) bacteria, and two fungi species (Aspergillus n...

Fiber degradation in the ruminant digestive process is a major activity accomplished by rumen microbes, a process in which the role of fungi is important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to establish the community structure of anaerobic rumen fungi in cattle fed on a high fiber diet using molecular approaches. Total community DNA was ext...

Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of synchronization of ruminal energy and nitrogen (N) supply on in vitro microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and rumen fermentation pattern. Commonly used tropical feeds and fodders (sorghum grain, maize grain, wheat bran, mustard cake, groundnut cake, maize fodder, oat fodder and wheat straw) were f...

The growing demand for sustainable animal production is compelling researchers to explore the potential approaches to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from livestock that are mainly produced by enteric fermentation. Some potential solutions, for instance, the use of chemical inhibitors to reduce methanogenesis, are not feasible in routine use d...

In present study, 12 anaerobic fungal strains were isolated from the rumen liquor and faecal samples of Murrah buffaloes and identified as species of Anaeromyces sp., Orpinomyces sp. and Neocallimastix sp. based on their morphological characteristics. Three types of fungal colonies were obtained on the agar surface after 72-96 h of incubation. The...

In the present study, the diversity of rumen methanogens in crossbred Karan Fries cattle was determined by constructing 16S rRNA and mcrA (methyl coenzyme-M reductase α subunit) gene libraries using specific primers. All thirteen OTUs or phylotypes from 16S rRNA library clustered with order Methanobacteriales, twelve of which aligned with Methanobr...

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bacterial culture supplementation on ruminal fibrolytic bacterial population as well as on survivability of inoculated bacterial strain in lactating Murrah buffaloes kept on high fibre diet. Materials and Methods: Fibrolytic bacterial strains were isolated from rumen liquor of fistulate...

Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of Myristica fragrans fruit active compounds addition on methane production in vitro. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans fruit powder was prepared and checked for its inhibitory action on methane production in diet containing roughage 50 percent and concentrate 50 p...

Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of Myristica fragrans fruit active compounds addition on methane production in vitro. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans fruit powder was prepared and checked for its inhibitory action on methane production in diet containing roughage 50 percent and concentrate 50 p...

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of increasing concentration of malic acid at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mM in wheat straw sorghum diets of different roughage (R) and concentrate (C) ratios i.e. high fiber (80R:20C), medium fiber (50R:50C) and low fiber (20R:80C) diets on different rumen fermentation, total gas and methane production...

A total of 20 fungal cultures were isolated from the rumen of cattle fed a high fibre-containing diet. All of the isolates showed polycentric growth patterns and were identified as different strains of Orpinomyces and Anaeromyces. Enzyme assays of most of the isolates showed the highest carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities after...

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of methanolic extracts of three plants, mehandi (Lawsonia inermis), jaiphal (Myristica fragrans) and green chili (Capsicum annuum) on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and fermentation kinetic parameters by in vitro gas production techniques. Single dose of each plant extract (1 ml / 30 ml b...

Rumen microbial community comprising of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa is characterized not only by the high population density but also by the remarkable diversity and the most complex microecological interactions existing in the biological world. This unprecedented biodiversity is quite far from full elucidation as only about 15-20 % of t...

Shatavari herbal feed supplement was supplemented peripartum (@100mg/kg BW prepartum till postpartum 90 days@200mg/kg BW) to observe the effect on mastitis incidence. Supplementation of shatavari peripartum reduced the milk somatic cell counts, prevalence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis. Supplementation of shatavari reduces the production los...

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of tartaric acid addition in diets on in vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation. Different levels of tartaric acid (5, 10, and 15 ppm) were tested for their effect on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and digestibility in three wheat straw containing diets i.e. Low fiber diet (LFD, 40R:6...

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of supplementation of fumaric acid at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM concentration in high-, medium-, and low-fiber wheat straw containing total mixed diets with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on rumen fermentation, methane production, and gas kinetics paramete...

The present experiment was carried out to estimate the total saponins and evaluate their effect on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation by in vitro gas production techniques. Three plant material, rough chaff tree seed (Achyranthus aspara, T1), gokhru seed (Tribulus terrestris, T2) and Siris seed (Albizia lebbeck, T3) were selected for present stu...

Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of Myristica fragrans fruit active compounds addition on methane production in vitro. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans fruit powder was prepared and checked for its inhibitory action on methane production in diet containing roughage 50 percent and concentrate 50 p...

The present study was undertaken to quantify major rumen microbes in Indian cattle and buffalo fed on standard wheat straw based diet by using real time PCR based approach. The results indicated wide differences in the population of some groups of microbes between cattle and buffalo, whereas the population of others found almost equal in copy numbe...

Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of salinomycin in vitro on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation. Materials and Methods: Different levels of (0,10, 15 and 20 ppm) salinomycin were checked for their effect on in vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation on three wheat straw based diets i.e. low fiber diet (LFD, 40R:60C...

The molecular diversity of rumen methanogens was investigated by 16S rDNA gene library prepared from the rumen contents obtained from Murrah buffaloes in India. Genomic DNA was isolated from adult male fistulated buffaloes and PCR conditions were set up using specific primers. Amplified product was cloned into a suitable vector, and the positive cl...

The effects of addition of monensin sodium and anthraquinone on rumen fermentation and methane production with 3 diets having different roughage concentrate ratio (60:40, 50:50, and 40:60), roughage wheat straw and normal farm concentrate (20% CP and 70% TDN) was studied along with four levels of monensin sodium i.e. 0, 10, 15 and 20 ppm and of 9,1...

The aim of the present study was to decipher the diversity of methanogens in rumen of Murrah buffaloes so that effective strategies can be made in order to mitigate methane emission from these methanogens. In the present study diversity of rumen methanogens in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from North India was evaluated by using mcr-A gene lib...

Methanogens, the members of domain Archaea are potent contributors in global warming. Being confined to the strict anaerobic environment, their direct cultivation as pure culture is quite difficult. Therefore, a range of culture-independent methods have been developed to investigate their numbers, substrate uptake patterns, and identification in co...

The F420-dependent NADP oxidoreductase enzyme from Methanobrevibacter smithii catalyzes the important electron transfer step during methanogenesis. Therefore, it may act as potential target for blocking the process of methane formation. Its protein sequence is available in GenBank (accession number: ABQ86254.1) however no report has been found abou...

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of roasting whole soybean in the local level on their chemical composition, nitrogen fractions, in situ degradability, and feeding performance in crossbred (Karan Swiss and Karan Fries) dairy cows. Twelve lactating crossbred cattle (369.08 ± 17.53 kg body weight) were randomly divided into two grou...

The in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate effect of different plant powder combinations on rumen fermentation parameters and methane production. Neem (Azadiracta indica); Mehndi (Lawsonia inermis) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) plant parts were used for the preparation of different combinations (1:1) i.e Mehndi + Neem (T1), N...

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) belongs to the family Lauraceae and is used to cure bronchitis, asthma, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, fever, headaches, bad breath and toothaches. Its powder is a very good appetizer and improves digestion, while its oil "cinnamon oil" has been shown to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic...

Twelve crossbred calves (Holstein cross) in their pre-ruminant stage were used to study the effect of garlic extract feeding on their performance and they were randomly allotted into treatment and control groups in equal number. Performance was evaluated by measuring average body weight (BW) gain, feed intake [dry matter (DM); total digestible nutr...

The Methanogens are a diverse group of organisms found in anaerobic environments such as anaerobic sludge digester, wet wood of trees, sewage, rumen, black mud, black sea sediments, etc which utilize carbon dioxide and hydrogen and produce methane. They are nutritionally fastidious anaerobes with the redox potential below -300 mV and usually grow a...

Lactating crossbred cattle (10) were randomly divided into 2 groups on the basis of milk yield (14–15 kg/day), day of calving (~50 days) to see the effect of bypass fat supplementation on nutrient utilization and production performance. Cows were fed wheat straw, concentrate mixture and green maize fodder in the control group and additional 300 g b...

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of urea supplemented and urea treated straw based diet on milk ureaconcentration. Six multiparous crossbred Karan-Fries (Holstein Friesian ✕ Tharparkar) cows were blocked into threegroups of nearly equal body weight, DIM, milk yield and milk fat content and were randomized into a 3 ✕ 3 Latin squaredes...

The study was undertaken to know the effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and health of crossbred calves. Crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Thaparkar and Brown Swiss × Sahiwal) female calves (24) 12-day-old were randomly divided in to 2 groups of 12 each. Both groups were maintained under same managemental conditions and fed similarly except...

Thirty-six crossbred calves (Holstein cross) of 5 days of age were used to study the effect of garlic extract feeding on their performance up to the age of 2 months (pre-ruminant stage). They were randomly allotted into treatment and control groups (18 numbers in each group). Performance was evaluated by measuring average body weight (BW) gain, fee...

The rumen is a highly diverse ecosystem comprising different microbial groups including methanogens that consume a considerable part of the ruminant’s nutrient energy in methane production. The consequences of methanogenesis in the rumen may result in the low productivity and possibly will have a negative impact on the sustainability of the ruminan...

To study the diversity of rumen methanogens in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from North India by using 16S rRNA gene libraries obtained from the pooled rumen content from four animals and using suitable software analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated and PCR was set up by using specific primers. Amplified product was cloned into a suitable vector...

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of fumaric acid on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and methane emission in lactating Sahiwal cows. Eleven cows divided into 2 groups of 5 (control group ) and 6 (treatment) fed on a diet containing 3 kg concentrate mixture and chopped maize fodder (Zea mays). However, treatment...