Sunder Singh Arya

Maharshi Dayanand University | MDU · Department of Botany

In the context of climate change, high-temperature stress poses a significant threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Due to the rise in global temperature, it is necessary to understand and manage the harmful effects of heat stress (HS) on plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally existing phytohormone. It plays an important role in boostin...

The lack of suitable genetic resources for saline regions and the complexity of the traits involved impede the progress in crop breeding for salt tolerance. The present investigation was carried out using 27 diverse barley genotypes chosen based on the assessment of salt tolerance potential within the barley mini-core collection at the National Gen...

Salinity is a significant constraint on agricultural production worldwide, with 118 countries covering 85% of the global land area. Over one billion hectares of land, encompassing over 20% of all irrigated arable terrain, face detrimental effects from salinity. The excessive salt content in the soil stands as a primary environmental factor that ham...

Salt hyperaccumulating plants have drawn significant attention for their potential use in phytoremediation due to their ability to absorb ions from the soil and store them in their aboveground tissues, particularly in their succulent leaves. Several species, including S. fruticosa, S. nudiflora, S. baryosma, C. ambrosoides, C. murale, C. album, A....

Phytoextraction is an economically viable and environmentally sustainable method for approaching heavy metal-polluted soils. Pollen grains are notably more susceptible to pollutants compared to other parts of the plant. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing signifi...

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is a versatile crop cultivated for its seeds, which are valuable source of ω-3 fatty acids. It adversely affected by soil salinity, as high salt levels can hinder their growth and reduce yields. To assess the potential for mitigating the adverse effects of high salinity concentrations, enhancing the resilience of three...

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application of spermidine on various aspects of chickpea genotypes under salt stress. At the seedling stage the genotypes were treated with 4 and 8 dSm-1 Cl- dominated salinity followed by the spermidine application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM at the flowering stage. Salinity changed the different pa...

The accumulation of salts in soil is an environmental threat affecting plant growth and crop yield. Linseed or flax is an ancient crop that has multifarious utilities in terms of industrial oil, textile fiber, and products. Salt susceptibility adversely affects linseed production, particularly to meet the growing demand for nutritional and nutraceu...

Orchids are the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants, with over 25,000 species. They are found in a wide range of habitats, from tropical rainforests to alpine tundra. In India, orchids are found in all climatic zones, from the Himalayas to the deserts. Orchids are economically important plants, both as ornamentals and for their medi...

Soil salinity poses a significant threat to global food security as salt-affected soils are expected to increase more under the influence of climate change. Sorghum is the world's 5th most important cereal crop and is moderately salt tolerant. Salt stress causes osmotic stress in sorghum and induces several physiological changes, such as membrane d...

The research was carried out using a wheat genotype to assess the foliar impact of applying potassium during a specific growth stage. Various physiological parameters and changes in photosynthetic pigments were analyzed in response to potassium application. The data obtained for different growth parameters over the study period were subjected to st...

Phytoremediation, particularly phytoextraction, shows promise in addressing this issue. Phytoextraction involves plants absorbing contaminants from the soil through their roots and transferring them to their shoots and leaves. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing...

The experiment was conducted on three mungbean genotypes to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol)-induced drought stress. The drought stress imposes serious constraints on the plant growth, development, and yield attributes while the salicylic acid (SA) alleviates the effect of drought in all three genotypes. The highe...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), the 2nd most important legume after dry beans, known for its protein content, is an important crop agronomically as well as economically. The present study aimed to determine the effect of foliar application of spermidine (spd) on various aspects of chickpea genotypes under salt stress. The chickpea genotypes were cultiv...

Background and aims India is one of the countries being projected as the salinization hotspots in the near future. To identify novel donors imparting salt tolerance, barley mini-core collection comprising 107 Hordeum vulgare germplasm and 3 wild accessions from the Indian National Genebank were evaluated under salt stress. Methods Barley accession...

In the past few years, global climate change has caused severe drought, soil salinization, irregular rainfall, and other changes to the environment all over the world. These changes have decreased crop yield and upset the balance of ecosystems. Water shortages have been getting worse, and the problem is worse in dry areas. This leads to poverty and...

Pollution of various environmental components, such as air, water, and soil, is caused by industrialization and urbanization in urban agglomerates. This study provides information about groundwater quality and the levels of heavy metals in the surface soils of Gurugram city. The groundwater and soil samples were analyzed for various chemical parame...

The efects of sucking insect-pests on the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves of four cotton genotypes—Bio 100 BG-II and GCH-3 (highly tolerant); KDCHH-9810 BG-II and HS-6 (highly susceptible)—were examined. Compared to tolerant genotypes, susceptible genotypes showed a decrease in relative water content, specifc leaf weight,...

Introduction Rice productivity is severely hampered by heat stress (HS) which induces oxidative stress in this crop. This oxidative stress can be alleviated using various exogenous chemicals, including spermidine (Spd). Therefore, the present study was carried out to characterize HS components and to elucidate the role of exogenous Spd application...

Rice is stable and principle crop that feeds the maximum world population. Under the present climatic change scenario, there is a rise in demand for rice production for sustaining an increasing population as the climatic changes leads to yield reduction and quality deterioration of rice. In rice, anthesis and grain filling are considered as very cr...

In environment different forms of stress are present due to which all growth and development processes of plants are disturbed. These stress are mainly classified into two groups, biotic stress and abiotic stress. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms like virus, bacteria, pathogen and fungi. Abiotic stress includes temperature stress (high a...

Abiotic strains such as salinity, drought, and extreme heat are the major rate-limiting factor for growth, yield, and crop productivity. In the direction to raise crop growth and yield, it is very important to develop cost-effective approaches for the management of abiotic stress. The number of strategies is proposed in such a direction by which mi...

Salinity is the key constraint that affects the crop growth, metabolism, and yield because of high abundance of salts present in the soil. The area and agriculture crop affected by salinity stress are increasing day by day. Salinity stress disturbs many physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in crop plants. Therefore , there is urgent...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia are the two most important plant symbionts. The function of rhizobia in nitrogen fixation is well known. Apart from bacteria, AMF also assist plants and provide benefits in many ways. AMF are one of the types of mycorrhiza having specialized branched hyphae structure called arbuscules. They show assoc...

Salinity is the key constraint that affects the crop growth, metabolism, and yield because of high abundance of salts present in the soil. The area and agriculture crop affected by salinity stress are increasing day by day. Salinity stress disturbs many physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in crop plants. There- fore, there is ur...

Environment fundamentally comprises of adjusted connection amongst biotic and abiotic factors, and frequently unexpected annoyances in abiotic factors encompassing the biotic living beings prompt change the homeostasis, therefore making a distressing condition for the survival of living beings. Halophytes are a various groups of plants with resista...

In environment different forms of stress are present due to which all growth and development processes of plants are disturbed. These stress are mainly classified into two groups, biotic stress and abiotic stress. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms like virus, bacteria, pathogen and fungi. Abiotic stress includes temperature stress (high a...

Rice crop is known to be sensitive to heat stress particularly at the flowering stage. Breeding approaches for improving heat tolerance in rice needs understanding of heat tolerance mechanisms and suitable heat tolerance donors. A study was planned for screening of rice genotypes and identification of novel heat tolerant donor(s) and physiologicall...

Rice is one of the important cereal crops. Two contrasting rice genotypes viz. MTU-1010 (heat tolerant) and PR-113 (heat sensitive), were exposed to heat stress at flowering stage using high temperature tunnel. Heat stress caused a significant increase in H2O2 and TBARS, while significantly decreased photosynthesis, relative water content (23–30%)...

Salt stress is one of the most brutal abiotic stresses that arrests crop survival and productivity. It affects various physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes in plants, depending on severity and duration of the stress. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecul...

Agricultural land is continuously becoming less available for cultivation due to increasing population and unfavourable environmental conditions including climate changes. Salinity, worldwide, is one of the biggest problems for agriculture leading to significant yield losses especially in dry lands. The best solution for proper use of these lands w...

Halophytic plants that grow in an extensive range of saline soils have significant economic importance, with potential for use in environmental restoration and therapeutic medicine. Halophytes live in coastal regions, from salt-marshy mudflats to inland deserts. They are traditionally used for medicines and the release of bioactive compounds, such...

This book contains 22 chapters covering topics on the ecophysiology, mechanisms of adaptation to climate change and practical uses of halophytes.

To give an insight into nature and magnitude of diversity in root traits, a diverse set of 200 germplasm accessions from both 2-row and 6-row types,naked and hulled types,including wild relatives and released cultivars was used for the present study. The surface sterilized seeds after germination were subjected to 15% PEG (Polyethylene glycol 6000)...

Microbes are versatile, dynamic, and the most adaptive entities occurring in nature, and these properties enable them to strive in almost any conceivable environment. These are loaded with the variety of compounds having potential to cope up with such harsh conditions. Among the diversity of compounds, the important one is volatile compounds; these...

Effects of processing and storage on carbonyl profile and overall acceptability of quick cocking red gram (Cajanus cajan) dhal have been investigated. Unprocessed control red gram dhal contained butanal, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, acetone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone, heptanone, 2-butenal, 2-pentenal, 2-hexenal, 2-heptenal and 2,4- decadienal, St...

Edible oil blends namely refined rice bran oil: unrefined groundnut oil and refined soybean oil: unrefined groundnut oil were prepared in the proportion of 80:20 v/v and stored in sealed tin containers at room temperature (15-34°C). Both the oil blends remained stable for 15 months without development of perceptible off-flavour or odour. Peroxide,...

Instant vegetable pulav mix prepared from freeze-thaw dehydrated rice, fried peas, fried potatoes, spices and vanaspati and packed in polypropylene (PP) pouches remained stable for 12, 9 and 6 months, while in paper-aluminium foil-polyethylene (PFP) laminate packs it remained stable for 12, 12 and 9 months at 0°C, room temperature (15-34°C, RT) and...

Fried cashewnuts were treated with antioxygenic salt and stored at 37°C in polypropylene packs. Treatment with antioxygenic salt considerably retarded the rate of autoxidation of fat in fried cashewnuts, as indicated by changes in peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, fatty acid composition, overall acceptability and concentration of steam-vol...

Effect of processing treatments and storage on changes in α-tocopherol, total carotenoids and their profile, free and bound lipids in redgram dhal was investigated. Lutein was found to be the major carotenoid (89.8%), followed by β-carotene (6.0%) and α-carotene (1.4%). Cooking, flaking and drying operations caused losses in total carotenoids (16.7...

Effect of different blanching (steam, water and microwave) and drying (cabinet and fluidised-bed-drying) methods on the stability of total carotenoids in carrots and their composition was studied. Apparant increases in total carotenoids, when expressed on dry weight basis were found to be due to leaching of soluble solids, which ranged from 3.9 to...

The pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat and red chilli, their fractions extracted using various solvents, and of chlorophyll, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were determined in refined sunflower oil at 37 °C. Tejpat and its fractions containing chlorophyll showed pro-oxygenic activity and the catalytic action increased with increase in concentra...

Fried potato chips, banana chips and fried Bengalgram (Cicer arietinum) dhal were treated with antioxygenic salts containing butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene and tertiary butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ), and stored at 37 °C in polypropylene packs. Treatment with antioxygenic salts considerably retarded the rate of autoxidation...

The anti-or pro-oxygenic activity of turmeric, its fractions extracted using various solvents volatile oil and curcumin were determined in refined sunflower oil and ghee at 37°C. The ground spice and water-soluble fraction of the spice showed antioxygenic activity. On the other hand, curcumin, water insoluble fraction, acetone soluble, ethanol solu...

The carbonyl profiles of quick-cooking rice and Bengalgram (Cicer arietinum) dhal are reported. Freshly processed rice contained formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butanal and hexanal, while freshly processed Bengalgram dhal contained 2,4-decadienals, propanal and 2-enals in addition to the above compounds. Incorporation of vanaspati (hydrogenate...

Praparation of instant vegetable wadi, an Indian traditional savoury food and its storage behaviour in different packaging materials have been reported. Instant spiced vegetable wadi remains acceptable for 12 months both at room temperature and 37°C in polypropylene and paper-aluminium foil-polyethylene pouches, while non-spiced wadi remained accep...

Storage stability of 5 brands of refined sunflower oil was evaluated by storing at 37°C. Rates of increases in peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values as well as changes in sensory scores and linoleic acid content varied considerably among different brands. Sunflower oil samples, which autoxidised fastest, had lower concentration of tocopherol, but...

Twenty five brands of glucose biscuits and seven other varieties of biscuits were analysed for moisture, fat, proteins, total sugars, ash, peroxide value, free fatty acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc concentrations. Total sugars in glucose biscuits varied from 23.25-31.25% whereas in other varieties, it varied from...

Sorbic acid and its potassium and calcium salts are used as preservatives in a large number of foods, feeds, Pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In the dry and crystalline state, sorbic acid is stable and no degradation occurs even if stored at room temperature for a long time. However, in solutions and in foods, it undergoes autoxidation during storag...

Effect of various preservatives, sugar, ascorbic acid and light on the stability of sunset yellow and tartrazine was studied. While sulphur dioxide enhanced the rate of degradation of sunset yellow, it stabilized tartrazine in aqueous model systems. At 30 and 45% sugar levels, the rate of degradation of both sunset yellow and tartrazine was practic...

Effect of Co60γ-irradiation on stability of sorbic acid (SA) in solutions, dough and chapaties has been investigated. SA was highly susceptible to radiolytic degradation in aqueous systems. Rate of degradation decreased with rise in pH. Sugars, hydrocolloids except pectin, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, arginine and threonine, catalysed degr...

The relative suitability of analytical methods based on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC), titrimetric and colorimetric determination of free fatty acid (FFA) in foods and oils was determined. For quantitative measurements TLC method was found to be least suitable. For colored vegetable oils and lipids extracted from curried products, colorimetric a...

Carbonyl compounds from autoxidising sorbic acid solutions were isolated as 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones (DNPHs) and separated by TLC on silica gel G. Acetaldehyde and β-carboxylacrolein were found to be the major degradation products. Crotonaldehyde and acetone were also detected but in very small proportions. In the presence of amino acids, β-car...